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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro GRE - Café Society

Zde se dozvíte některá anglická slovíčka o společnosti, jako je „stratum“, „etnicity“, „kasta“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

stratum, sociální vrstva

stratum, sociální vrstva

Ex: The political party gained support from the stratum.
acculturation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

akulturace, kulturní adaptace

akulturace, kulturní adaptace

Ex: Cultural festivals serve as platforms acculturation, where people from different backgrounds share and celebrate their customs .
apartheid
[Podstatné jméno]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

aparteid, rasová segregace

aparteid, rasová segregace

Ex: He wrote a book detailing his experiences growing up apartheid.
aristocracy
[Podstatné jméno]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokracie, šlechta

aristokracie, šlechta

Ex: aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .
bourgeoisie
[Podstatné jméno]

the society's middle class

bourgeoisie, buržoazie

bourgeoisie, buržoazie

Ex: The revolutionaries aimed to overthrow bourgeoisie and establish a more equitable society .
class-conscious
[Přídavné jméno]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

třídně uvědomělý, vědomý sociálního statusu

třídně uvědomělý, vědomý sociálního statusu

Ex: He grew up in class-conscious environment , aware of the differences in social classes .
hierarchical
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hierarchický, hierarchizovaný

hierarchický, hierarchizovaný

Ex: The military operates on hierarchical chain of command , with officers giving orders to subordinates .
demographic
[Podstatné jméno]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografie, demografická skupina

demografie, demografická skupina

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a demographic.
ethnicity
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicita, národnost

etnicita, národnost

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from ethnicities around the world .
subsistence
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

živobytí, existence

živobytí, existence

Ex: The family struggled to subsistence on their small farm .
overlord
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

pán, vládce

pán, vládce

Ex: During the empire , the emperor was considered the overlord.
polity
[Podstatné jméno]

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

polity, politická organizace

polity, politická organizace

Ex: The European Union is a polity composed of member states that have agreed to share sovereignty in certain areas of governance .
to segregate
[sloveso]

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

segregovat, oddělovat

segregovat, oddělovat

Ex: The university came under scrutiny segregating students into separate dormitories based on their ethnicity .
caste
[Podstatné jméno]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kasty, kastovní systém

kasty, kastovní systém

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.
supremacist
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

supremacista, nadřazenec

supremacista, nadřazenec

Ex: supremacist's rhetoric fueled division and conflict in the community .
political asylum
[Podstatné jméno]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

politický azyl, azyl z politických důvodů

politický azyl, azyl z politických důvodů

Ex: The government political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .
benefactor
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who gives money or support to help others

dárcov, příznivec

dárcov, příznivec

Ex: She wrote a letter to benefactor, expressing her appreciation for the support .
class struggle
[Podstatné jméno]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

třídní boj, třídní konflikt

třídní boj, třídní konflikt

Ex: The activist spoke about the class struggle in modern urban environments .
deportation
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

deportace, vydání

deportace, vydání

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .
discrimination
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

diskriminace, rozdílné zacházení

diskriminace, rozdílné zacházení

Ex: She spoke out discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .
to displace
[sloveso]

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

vysídlení, přitlačit

vysídlení, přitlačit

Ex: The wildfire raging through the forest threatened displace residents in nearby towns .
elite
[Podstatné jméno]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

elita, vybraná skupina

elita, vybraná skupina

Ex: He aspired to join the elite of the academic world .
homophobia
[Podstatné jméno]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobie, nepřátelství vůči homosexuálům

homofobie, nepřátelství vůči homosexuálům

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to homophobia.
to impoverish
[sloveso]

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

ochudit, zchudnout

ochudit, zchudnout

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already impoverished.
indigent
[Přídavné jméno]

extremely poor or in need

chudý, nouzový

chudý, nouzový

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.
intersectional
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

intersekcionální, intersekční

intersekcionální, intersekční

Ex: Intersectional feminism looks at how various forms of oppression intersect .

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalizovat, znevýhodnit

marginalizovat, znevýhodnit

Ex: marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .
to naturalize
[sloveso]

to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

naturalizovat, získat občanství

naturalizovat, získat občanství

Ex: The family eagerly awaited their turn to naturalized, excited to officially become citizens of their new country and fully participate in its democratic process .
parity
[Podstatné jméno]

a state in which two or more things are equal

parita, rovnost

parita, rovnost

Ex: They discussed ways to parity in funding for rural and urban schools .
penury
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

chudoba, nouze

chudoba, nouze

Ex: The sudden loss of his job pushed him into a state penury.
positive discrimination
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

pozitivní diskriminace, pozitivní preference

pozitivní diskriminace, pozitivní preference

Ex: The scholarship program was an example positive discrimination to support minority students .
quota system
[Podstatné jméno]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

kvótový systém, systém kvót

kvótový systém, systém kvót

Ex: quota system ensures that immigration levels remain manageable .
slumlord
[Podstatné jméno]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

nájemník, majitel zchátralého bydlení

nájemník, majitel zchátralého bydlení

Ex: After years of neglect , the government intervened and forced slumlord to improve the living conditions of their tenants or face legal consequences .
social conscience
[Podstatné jméno]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

sociální svědomí, sociální uvědomění

sociální svědomí, sociální uvědomění

Ex: The film highlighted the importance of having social conscience in addressing inequality .
bigotry
[Podstatné jméno]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

bigotství, předsudek

bigotství, předsudek

Ex: They worked hard to challenge bigotry that was prevalent in their society .
unrest
[Podstatné jméno]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

nepokoj, neklid

nepokoj, neklid

Ex: The rise in fuel prices unrest among the workers .
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