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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro GRE - Kavárenská společnost

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o společnosti, jako je "vrstva", "etnicita", "kasta" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
stratum
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

vrstva, stratum

vrstva, stratum

Ex: The study focused on the middle-income stratum of society. 
acculturation
acculturation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

akulturace, proces kulturní výměny a adaptace

akulturace, proces kulturní výměny a adaptace

Ex: The immigrant community experienced acculturation as they integrated aspects of the host country's culture into their own traditions. 
apartheid
apartheid
[Podstatné jméno]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: Activists fought tirelessly to end apartheid and achieve equality. 
aristocracy
aristocracy
[Podstatné jméno]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokracie, šlechta

aristokracie, šlechta

Ex: The event was attended by members of the aristocracy in elegant attire. 
bourgeoisie
bourgeoisie
[Podstatné jméno]

the society's middle class

buržoazie

buržoazie

Ex: The bourgeoisie in the 19th century played a significant role in shaping economic and social structures. 
class-conscious
class-conscious
[Přídavné jméno]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

třídně uvědomělý, vědomý si společenské hierarchie

třídně uvědomělý, vědomý si společenské hierarchie

Ex: The students were very class-conscious, often discussing social status. 
hierarchical
hierarchical
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hierarchický

hierarchický

Ex: The hierarchical structure of the organization ensures clear lines of authority and responsibility. 
demographic
demographic
[Podstatné jméno]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografický, demografické charakteristiky

demografický, demografické charakteristiky

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
ethnicity
ethnicity
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicita

etnicita

Ex: The census form asked respondents to indicate their ethnicity. 
subsistence
subsistence
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

obživa, přežití

obživa, přežití

Ex: The workers earned barely enough for subsisten 
overlord
overlord
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

vrchní pán, vládce

vrchní pán, vládce

Ex: The medieval lord acted as an overlord over the neighboring villages. 
polity
polity
[Podstatné jméno]

the specific form or system of government of a society or institution

polity, systém vlády

polity, systém vlády

Ex: The church adopted a new polity emphasizing local autonomy. 
to segregate
to segregate
[sloveso]

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

segregovat, oddělit

segregovat, oddělit

Ex: The organization's membership criteria segregate individuals based on their religious beliefs. 
caste
caste
[Podstatné jméno]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kasta, kastovní systém

kasta, kastovní systém

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
supremacist
supremacist
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

supremacista, nadřazenec

supremacista, nadřazenec

Ex: Authorities arrested a supremacist who was spreading hate speech online. 
political asylum
political asylum
[Podstatné jméno]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

politický azyl, politická ochrana

politický azyl, politická ochrana

Ex: She sought political asylum after facing persecution in her home country. 
benefactor
benefactor
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who gives money or support to help others

dobrodinec, mecenáš

dobrodinec, mecenáš

Ex: The charity thanked its generous benefactor at the annual gala. 
class struggle
class struggle
[Podstatné jméno]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

třídní boj, třídní konflikt

třídní boj, třídní konflikt

Ex: The novel explores themes of class struggle in a rapidly industrializing society. 
deportation
deportation
[Podstatné jméno]

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

deportace, vyhoštění

deportace, vyhoštění

Ex: The authorities ordered the deportation of illegal immigrants. 
discrimination
discrimination
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

diskriminace, segregace

diskriminace, segregace

Ex: The company faced a lawsuit for discrimination against female employees. 
to displace
to displace
[sloveso]

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

přemístit, vysídlit

přemístit, vysídlit

Ex: The conflict in the region has continued to displace thousands of families. 
elite
elite
[Podstatné jméno]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

elita

elita

Ex: The elite gathered at the exclusive club for their annual meeting. 
homophobia
homophobia
[Podstatné jméno]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobie, nenávist k homosexuálům

homofobie, nenávist k homosexuálům

Ex: The campaign aims to raise awareness about the effects of homophobia. 
to impoverish
to impoverish
[sloveso]

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

zchudnout, zničit

zchudnout, zničit

Ex: The economic crisis began to impoverish many families in the region. 
indigent
indigent
[Přídavné jméno]

extremely poor or in need

chudý, nuzný

chudý, nuzný

Ex: The indigent population relied on government assistance for survival. 
intersectional
intersectional
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

průsečíkový

průsečíkový

Ex: Her research focused on intersectional issues affecting women of color. 
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalizovat, odstrkovat

marginalizovat, odstrkovat

Ex: Historically, indigenous communities have been marginalized and deprived of their land rights. 
to naturalize
to naturalize
[sloveso]

to grant citizenship to a foreigner

naturalizovat, udělit občanství

naturalizovat, udělit občanství

Ex: He was naturalized after passing the citizenship exam. 
parity
parity
[Podstatné jméno]

a state in which two or more things are equal

parita, rovnost

parita, rovnost

Ex: The company aims to achieve parity in salaries between male and female employees. 
penury
penury
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

bída, chudoba

bída, chudoba

Ex: He grew up in penury, struggling to meet basic needs. 
positive discrimination
positive discrimination
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

pozitivní diskriminace, pozitivní opatření

pozitivní diskriminace, pozitivní opatření

Ex: The company implemented positive discrimination to improve diversity in hiring. 
quota system
quota system
[Podstatné jméno]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

kvocový systém, kontingenční systém

kvocový systém, kontingenční systém

Ex: The government implemented a quota system to control immigration numbers. 
slumlord
slumlord
[Podstatné jméno]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

majitel slumu, vykořisťující pronajímatel

majitel slumu, vykořisťující pronajímatel

Ex: The city cracked down on slumlords who neglected their properties, leaving tenants living in squalor. 
social conscience
social conscience
[Podstatné jméno]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

sociální svědomí, společenské vědomí

sociální svědomí, společenské vědomí

Ex: Her social conscience led her to volunteer at the homeless shelter. 
bigotry
bigotry
[Podstatné jméno]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

pokrytectví, nesnášenlivost

pokrytectví, nesnášenlivost

Ex: The community was shocked by the bigotry expressed in the hateful speech. 
unrest
unrest
[Podstatné jméno]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

neklid, nepokoje

neklid, nepokoje

Ex: The government’s decision sparked widespread unrest across the country. 
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