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Vocabulário Essencial para o GRE - Café Sociedade

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês sobre sociedade, como “estrato”, “etnia”, “casta”, etc., que são necessárias para o exame GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

estrato

estrato

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[substantivo]
acculturation

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

aculturação

aculturação

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[substantivo]
apartheid

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

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[substantivo]
aristocracy

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocracia

aristocracia

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[substantivo]
bourgeoisie

the society's middle class

burguesia

burguesia

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[substantivo]
class-conscious

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

consciente de classe

consciente de classe

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[adjetivo]
hierarchical

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hierárquico

hierárquico

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[adjetivo]
demographic

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico

demográfico

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[substantivo]
ethnicity

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnia

etnia

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[substantivo]
subsistence

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

subsistência

subsistência

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[substantivo]
overlord

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

suserano

suserano

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[substantivo]
polity

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

entidade política

entidade política

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[substantivo]
to segregate

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

separar

separar

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[verbo]
caste

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta

casta

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[substantivo]
supremacist

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

supremacista

supremacista

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[substantivo]
political asylum

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asilo político

asilo político

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[substantivo]
benefactor

a person who gives money or support to help others

benfeitor

benfeitor

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[substantivo]
class struggle

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

luta de classe

luta de classe

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[substantivo]
deportation

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

expulsar alguém de sua terra natal

expulsar alguém de sua terra natal

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[substantivo]
discrimination

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminação

discriminação

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[substantivo]
to displace

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

expulsar alguém de sua casa

expulsar alguém de sua casa

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[verbo]
elite

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

elite

elite

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[substantivo]
homophobia

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobia

homofobia

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[substantivo]
to impoverish

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

empobrecer

empobrecer

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[verbo]
indigent

extremely poor or in need

pessoa necessitada

pessoa necessitada

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[adjetivo]
intersectional

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

interseccional

interseccional

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[adjetivo]
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalizar

marginalizar

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[verbo]
to naturalize

to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

aceitar alguém como cidadão

aceitar alguém como cidadão

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[verbo]
parity

a state in which two or more things are equal

paridade

paridade

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[substantivo]
penury

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

penúria

penúria

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[substantivo]
positive discrimination

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

discriminação positiva

discriminação positiva

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[substantivo]
quota system

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

sistema de cotas

sistema de cotas

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[substantivo]
slumlord

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

senhorio

senhorio

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[substantivo]
social conscience

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

consciência social

consciência social

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[substantivo]
bigotry

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

intolerância

intolerância

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[substantivo]
unrest

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

agitação

agitação

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[substantivo]
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