Vocabulário Essencial para o GRE - Café Sociedade

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

estrato, camada social

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

aculturação, assimilação cultural

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocracia

the society's middle class

burguesia, classe média

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

consciente de classes, sensível à classe social

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hierárquico, de hierarquia

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico, grupo demográfico

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicidade, pertencimento étnico

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

subsistência, sobrevivência

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

soberano, senhor feudal

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

política, organização política

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

segregar, diferenciar

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta, sistema de castas

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

supremacista

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asilo político, pedido de asilo político

a person who gives money or support to help others

benefator, benefatora

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

luta de classes, conflito de classes

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

deportação, expulsão

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminação

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

deslocar, deposar

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

a elite

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobia

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

empobrecer, privar

extremely poor or in need

indigente, pobre

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

interseccional, interseção social

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalizar, desvalorizar

to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

naturalizar, conceder cidadania

a state in which two or more things are equal

paridade

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

pobreza, miséria

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

discriminação positiva, medidas de discriminação positiva

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

sistema de cotas, sistema de contingentes

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

proprietário de favelas, explorador imobiliário

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

consciência social, sensibilidade social

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

fanatismo, intolerância

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

descontentamento, agitação