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Podstawowe Słownictwo do GRE - Społeczeństwo kawiarni

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów o społeczeństwie, takich jak "warstwa", "etniczność", "kasta" itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
stratum
[Rzeczownik]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

warstwa, strata

warstwa, strata

Ex: The study focused on the middle-income stratum of society. 
acculturation
acculturation
[Rzeczownik]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

akulturacja, proces wymiany kulturowej i adaptacji

akulturacja, proces wymiany kulturowej i adaptacji

Ex: The immigrant community experienced acculturation as they integrated aspects of the host country's culture into their own traditions. 
apartheid
apartheid
[Rzeczownik]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: Activists fought tirelessly to end apartheid and achieve equality. 
aristocracy
aristocracy
[Rzeczownik]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

arystokracja, szlachta

arystokracja, szlachta

Ex: The event was attended by members of the aristocracy in elegant attire. 
bourgeoisie
bourgeoisie
[Rzeczownik]

the society's middle class

burżuazja

burżuazja

Ex: The bourgeoisie in the 19th century played a significant role in shaping economic and social structures. 
class-conscious
class-conscious
[przymiotnik]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

świadomy klasowo, świadomy hierarchii społecznej

świadomy klasowo, świadomy hierarchii społecznej

Ex: The students were very class-conscious, often discussing social status. 
hierarchical
hierarchical
[przymiotnik]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hierarchiczny

hierarchiczny

Ex: The hierarchical structure of the organization ensures clear lines of authority and responsibility. 
demographic
demographic
[Rzeczownik]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demograficzny, cechy demograficzne

demograficzny, cechy demograficzne

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
ethnicity
ethnicity
[Rzeczownik]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etniczność

etniczność

Ex: The census form asked respondents to indicate their ethnicity. 
subsistence
subsistence
[Rzeczownik]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

utrzymanie, przetrwanie

utrzymanie, przetrwanie

Ex: The workers earned barely enough for subsisten 
overlord
overlord
[Rzeczownik]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

zwierzchnik, władca

zwierzchnik, władca

Ex: The medieval lord acted as an overlord over the neighboring villages. 
polity
polity
[Rzeczownik]

the specific form or system of government of a society or institution

polity, system rządów

polity, system rządów

Ex: The church adopted a new polity emphasizing local autonomy. 
to segregate
to segregate
[Czasownik]

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

segregować, oddzielać

segregować, oddzielać

Ex: The organization's membership criteria segregate individuals based on their religious beliefs. 
caste
caste
[Rzeczownik]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kasta, system kastowy

kasta, system kastowy

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
supremacist
supremacist
[Rzeczownik]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

suprematysta, zwolennik supremacji

suprematysta, zwolennik supremacji

Ex: Authorities arrested a supremacist who was spreading hate speech online. 
political asylum
political asylum
[Rzeczownik]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

azyl polityczny, ochrona polityczna

azyl polityczny, ochrona polityczna

Ex: She sought political asylum after facing persecution in her home country. 
benefactor
benefactor
[Rzeczownik]

a person who gives money or support to help others

dobroczyńca, mecenas

dobroczyńca, mecenas

Ex: The charity thanked its generous benefactor at the annual gala. 
class struggle
class struggle
[Rzeczownik]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

walka klas, konflikt klasowy

walka klas, konflikt klasowy

Ex: The novel explores themes of class struggle in a rapidly industrializing society. 
deportation
deportation
[Rzeczownik]

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

deportacja, wydalenie

deportacja, wydalenie

Ex: The authorities ordered the deportation of illegal immigrants. 
discrimination
discrimination
[Rzeczownik]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

dyskryminacja, segregacja

dyskryminacja, segregacja

Ex: The company faced a lawsuit for discrimination against female employees. 
to displace
to displace
[Czasownik]

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

przesiedlać, wysiedlać

przesiedlać, wysiedlać

Ex: The conflict in the region has continued to displace thousands of families. 
elite
elite
[Rzeczownik]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

elita

elita

Ex: The elite gathered at the exclusive club for their annual meeting. 
homophobia
homophobia
[Rzeczownik]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobia, nienawiść do homoseksualistów

homofobia, nienawiść do homoseksualistów

Ex: The campaign aims to raise awareness about the effects of homophobia. 
to impoverish
to impoverish
[Czasownik]

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

zubożyć, zrujnować

zubożyć, zrujnować

Ex: The economic crisis began to impoverish many families in the region. 
indigent
indigent
[przymiotnik]

extremely poor or in need

biedny, ubogi

biedny, ubogi

Ex: The indigent population relied on government assistance for survival. 
intersectional
intersectional
[przymiotnik]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

intersekcjonalny

intersekcjonalny

Ex: Her research focused on intersectional issues affecting women of color. 
to marginalize
to marginalize
[Czasownik]

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalizować, spychać na margines

marginalizować, spychać na margines

Ex: Historically, indigenous communities have been marginalized and deprived of their land rights. 
to naturalize
to naturalize
[Czasownik]

to grant citizenship to a foreigner

naturalizować, przyznać obywatelstwo

naturalizować, przyznać obywatelstwo

Ex: He was naturalized after passing the citizenship exam. 
parity
parity
[Rzeczownik]

a state in which two or more things are equal

parytet, równość

parytet, równość

Ex: The company aims to achieve parity in salaries between male and female employees. 
penury
penury
[Rzeczownik]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

nędza, ubóstwo

nędza, ubóstwo

Ex: He grew up in penury, struggling to meet basic needs. 
positive discrimination

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

dyskryminacja pozytywna, działanie pozytywne

dyskryminacja pozytywna, działanie pozytywne

Ex: The company implemented positive discrimination to improve diversity in hiring. 
quota system
quota system
[Rzeczownik]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

system kwotowy, reżim kwotowy

system kwotowy, reżim kwotowy

Ex: The government implemented a quota system to control immigration numbers. 
slumlord
slumlord
[Rzeczownik]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

właściciel slumsów, wyzyskujący wynajmujący

właściciel slumsów, wyzyskujący wynajmujący

Ex: The city cracked down on slumlords who neglected their properties, leaving tenants living in squalor. 
social conscience
social conscience
[Rzeczownik]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

sumienie społeczne, świadomość społeczna

sumienie społeczne, świadomość społeczna

Ex: Her social conscience led her to volunteer at the homeless shelter. 
bigotry
bigotry
[Rzeczownik]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

bigoteria, nietolerancja

bigoteria, nietolerancja

Ex: The community was shocked by the bigotry expressed in the hateful speech. 
unrest
unrest
[Rzeczownik]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

niepokój, zamieszki

niepokój, zamieszki

Ex: The government’s decision sparked widespread unrest across the country. 
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