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Corps - Le Système Digestif

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés au système digestif, tels que "gut", "rectum" et "colon".

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Words Related to Body
throat
[nom]

a passage in the neck through which food and air pass

gorge

gorge

Ex: The doctor examined his throat to check for any signs of infection .Le médecin a examiné sa **gorge** pour vérifier tout signe d'infection.
pharynx
[nom]

(anatomy) the passage in the throat that connects the mouth to the gullet

pharynx

pharynx

Ex: Doctors use a lighted instrument to examine the pharynx during a throat examination .Les médecins utilisent un instrument éclairé pour examiner le **pharynx** lors d'un examen de la gorge.
bile
[nom]

a greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats

bile

bile

Ex: After a fatty meal , the gallbladder contracts , releasing bile into the duodenum to facilitate the digestion and absorption of dietary fats .Après un repas gras, la vésicule biliaire se contracte, libérant de la **bile** dans le duodénum pour faciliter la digestion et l'absorption des graisses alimentaires.

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

appendice

appendice

Ex: Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix and requires surgical removal .L'**appendicite** est une inflammation de l'**appendice** et nécessite une ablation chirurgicale.

a long, tubular organ in the digestive system responsible for nutrient absorption from food

intestin grêle, petit intestin

intestin grêle, petit intestin

a long, continuous tube in the body through which the food coming from the stomach moves and is passed

intestin

intestin

Ex: The intestines play a vital role in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients .**L'intestin** joue un rôle vital dans la décomposition des aliments et l'absorption des nutriments.

a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, allowing for the passage of food and liquids during digestion

œsophage

œsophage

Ex: A blockage or narrowing of the esophagus, called esophageal stricture , can make it difficult or painful to swallow food or liquids .Un blocage ou un rétrécissement de l'**œsophage**, appelé sténose œsophagienne, peut rendre difficile ou douloureuse la déglutition des aliments ou des liquides.
stomach
[nom]

the body part inside our body where the food that we eat goes

estomac

estomac

Ex: She felt a wave of nausea in her stomach during the car ride .Elle a ressenti une vague de nausée dans son **estomac** pendant le trajet en voiture.
liver
[nom]

a vital organ in the body that cleans the blood of harmful substances

foie

foie

Ex: Elevated levels of liver enzymes in blood tests may indicate liver damage or dysfunction , prompting further investigation by healthcare providers .Des niveaux élevés d'enzymes **hépatiques** dans les analyses de sang peuvent indiquer des dommages ou un dysfonctionnement du foie, incitant les professionnels de santé à poursuivre les investigations.

the tube that carries bile from the liver or the gall bladder to the first segment of the small intestine, also known as duodenum

voies biliaires

voies biliaires

canal
[nom]

a tubular passage in the body through which air, liquid or food can pass

canal

canal

colon
[nom]

(anatomy) the main part of the large intestine, between the caecum to the rectum, where water is removed from solid waste

côlon

côlon

Ex: A colonoscopy is a procedure used to examine the colon for abnormalities , such as polyps or tumors , and to screen for colorectal cancer .Une **coloscopie** est une procédure utilisée pour examiner le **côlon** à la recherche d'anomalies, telles que des polypes ou des tumeurs, et pour dépister le cancer colorectal.
gullet
[nom]

the duct through which food is passed from the throat to the stomach

gosier

gosier

gut
[nom]

the lower part of digestive tract responsible for food absorption

intestin

intestin

Ex: The nutritionist emphasized the importance of fiber in maintaining a healthy gut and regular bowel movements .Le nutritionniste a souligné l'importance des fibres pour maintenir un **intestin** sain et des selles régulières.

a small, pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver in which the body stores a strong digestive fluid produced by the liver

vésicule biliaire

vésicule biliaire

Ex: The absence of a gallbladder does n't typically impair digestion significantly , as bile can still flow from the liver directly into the small intestine , albeit in a less concentrated manner .L'absence de **vésicule biliaire** n'altère généralement pas significativement la digestion, car la bile peut toujours s'écouler du foie directement dans l'intestin grêle, bien que de manière moins concentrée.

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

pancréas

pancréas

Ex: The islets of Langerhans within the pancreas contain beta cells that produce insulin , essential for glucose metabolism and energy production in the body .Les îlots de Langerhans dans le **pancréas** contiennent des cellules bêta qui produisent de l'insuline, essentielle pour le métabolisme du glucose et la production d'énergie dans le corps.
rectum
[nom]

the final part of the large intestine where waste is collected before being passed through the anus

rectum

rectum

the initial segment of the small intestine that receives partially digested food from the stomach for further digestion

duodénum

duodénum

the segment of the colon that travels vertically along the right side of the abdominal cavity

côlon ascendant, colon ascendant

côlon ascendant, colon ascendant

the segment of the large intestine that travels downward on the left side of the abdomen

côlon descendant, côlon gauche descendant

côlon descendant, côlon gauche descendant

the section of the large intestine that extends horizontally across the abdomen, connecting the ascending and descending colons

côlon transverse, colon transverse

côlon transverse, colon transverse

cecum
[nom]

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

cæcum

cæcum

the curved segment of the large intestine that links the descending colon to the rectum, forming an "S" shape in the human body

côlon sigmoïde, sigmoïde

côlon sigmoïde, sigmoïde

jejunum
[nom]

the middle section of the small intestine, located between the duodenum and the ileum

jéjunum, intestin grêle moyen

jéjunum, intestin grêle moyen

a sharp bend in the colon located in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen where the ascending colon meets the transverse colon

angle colique droit, flexure hépatique

angle colique droit, flexure hépatique

a sharp bend in the colon located in the upper-left quadrant of the abdomen where the transverse colon meets the descending colon

angle colique gauche, flexure splénique

angle colique gauche, flexure splénique

ileum
[nom]

the final segment of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine in the human body

iléon

iléon

a duct that carries digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the small intestine for the breakdown and absorption of food

canal pancréatique, conduit pancréatique

canal pancréatique, conduit pancréatique

a duct that transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine for digestion and absorption of fats

canal cholédoque, voie biliaire principale

canal cholédoque, voie biliaire principale

anus
[nom]

a hole at the end of an animal or human's body from which the faeces leaves the body

anus

anus

the terminal portion of the large intestine that extends from the rectum to the anus and is responsible for the passage of fecal matter during defecation

canal anal, conduit anal

canal anal, conduit anal

the tube-like structure in the human body through which food passes, extending from the mouth to the anus

canal alimentaire, tube digestif

canal alimentaire, tube digestif

bladder
[nom]

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

vessie

vessie

Ex: The ultrasound showed that the bladder was functioning normally .L'échographie a montré que la **vessie** fonctionnait normalement.
kidney
[nom]

each of the two bean-shaped organs in the lower back of the body that separate wastes from the blood and make urine

rein

rein

Ex: Drinking plenty of water and adopting a balanced diet low in sodium and processed foods can help promote kidney health and prevent disease .Boire beaucoup d'eau et adopter une alimentation équilibrée faible en sodium et en aliments transformés peut aider à promouvoir la santé des **reins** et à prévenir les maladies.
urethra
[nom]

(anatomy) the tube in most mammals that carries urine out of the body, which also carries sperm in males

urètre

urètre

Ex: The urethra is surrounded by muscles known as the urethral sphincters , which help control the flow of urine and semen .L'**urètre** est entouré de muscles appelés sphincters urétraux, qui aident à contrôler l'écoulement de l'urine et du sperme.
ureter
[nom]

a narrow tube that transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder in the human body

uretère, canal urétéral

uretère, canal urétéral

the central collecting region of the kidney where urine from the renal calyces is gathered before it travels to the ureter

bassinet rénal, pelvis rénal

bassinet rénal, pelvis rénal

the outermost layer of the kidney that houses the functional units responsible for urine production and filtration

cortex rénal, écorce rénale

cortex rénal, écorce rénale

the inner part of the kidney that produces urine and regulates water and electrolyte balance

médullaire rénale, substance médullaire du rein

médullaire rénale, substance médullaire du rein

pepsin
[nom]

an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides

pepsine, enzyme pepsique

pepsine, enzyme pepsique

Ex: Excessive production of pepsin can contribute to conditions such as gastritis and peptic ulcers .Une production excessive de **pepsine** peut contribuer à des affections telles que la gastrite et les ulcères peptiques.
villus
[nom]

a microscopic, finger-like structure found in the lining of the small intestine, responsible for enhancing the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream

villosité, villus

villosité, villus

saliva
[nom]

the liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion

salive

salive

Ex: The forensic scientist collected saliva samples from the crime scene to extract DNA evidence .Le scientifique médico-légal a prélevé des échantillons de **salive** sur la scène du crime pour extraire des preuves ADN.
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