Body - The Digestive System

Here you will learn some English words related to the digestive system, such as "gut", "rectum", and "colon".

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Body
throat [noun]

a passage in the neck through which food and air pass

Ex: The baby giggled , producing adorable gurgling sounds from her throat .
pharynx [noun]

(anatomy) the passage in the throat that connects the mouth to the gullet

Ex: The pharynx is lined with mucous membranes that produce mucus to trap bacteria .
bile [noun]

a greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats

Ex: Bile salts in bile help emulsify fats , breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be more easily digested by enzymes .
appendix [noun]

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

Ex: After removal , the appendix typically does not affect normal bodily functions .

a long, tubular organ in the digestive system responsible for nutrient absorption from food

a long, continuous tube in the body through which the food coming from the stomach moves and is passed

Ex:

a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, allowing for the passage of food and liquids during digestion

Ex: Disorders of the esophagus , such as gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) or esophageal cancer , can cause symptoms like heartburn , difficulty swallowing , or chest pain .
stomach [noun]

the body part inside our body where the food that we eat goes

Ex:
liver [noun]

a vital organ in the body that cleans the blood of harmful substances

Ex: Elevated levels of liver enzymes in blood tests may indicate liver damage or dysfunction , prompting further investigation by healthcare providers .

the tube that carries bile from the liver or the gall bladder to the first segment of the small intestine, also known as duodenum

canal [noun]

a tubular passage in the body through which air, liquid or food can pass

colon [noun]

(anatomy) the main part of the large intestine, between the caecum to the rectum, where water is removed from solid waste

Ex: The colon is divided into several segments , including the ascending colon , transverse colon , descending colon , and sigmoid colon .
gullet [noun]

the duct through which food is passed from the throat to the stomach

gut [noun]

the lower part of digestive tract responsible for food absorption

Ex: The gut microbiome plays a vital role in digestion and overall health by breaking down food and absorbing nutrients .

a small, pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver in which the body stores a strong digestive fluid produced by the liver

Ex: Gallstones , hardened deposits that can form in the gallbladder , may cause discomfort , pain , and other complications , sometimes requiring medical intervention .
pancreas [noun]

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

Ex: Insulin and glucagon , hormones produced by the pancreas , help regulate blood sugar levels by controlling the uptake and release of glucose .
rectum [noun]

the final part of the large intestine where waste is collected before being passed through the anus

duodenum [noun]

the initial segment of the small intestine that receives partially digested food from the stomach for further digestion

the segment of the colon that travels vertically along the right side of the abdominal cavity

the segment of the large intestine that travels downward on the left side of the abdomen

the section of the large intestine that extends horizontally across the abdomen, connecting the ascending and descending colons

cecum [noun]

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

the curved segment of the large intestine that links the descending colon to the rectum, forming an "S" shape in the human body

jejunum [noun]

the middle section of the small intestine, located between the duodenum and the ileum

a sharp bend in the colon located in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen where the ascending colon meets the transverse colon

a sharp bend in the colon located in the upper-left quadrant of the abdomen where the transverse colon meets the descending colon

ileum [noun]

the final segment of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine in the human body

a duct that carries digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the small intestine for the breakdown and absorption of food

a duct that transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine for digestion and absorption of fats

anus [noun]

a hole at the end of an animal or human's body from which the faeces leaves the body

the terminal portion of the large intestine that extends from the rectum to the anus and is responsible for the passage of fecal matter during defecation

the tube-like structure in the human body through which food passes, extending from the mouth to the anus

bladder [noun]

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

Ex: The bladder can hold up to 600 milliliters of urine .
kidney [noun]

each of the two bean-shaped organs in the lower back of the body that separate wastes from the blood and make urine

Ex: Regular check-ups and blood tests are essential for monitoring kidney health and detecting any abnormalities early on .
urethra [noun]

(anatomy) the tube in most mammals that carries urine out of the body, which also carries sperm in males

Ex: Infections of the urethra , such as urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) or sexually transmitted infections ( STIs ) , can cause pain and discomfort during urination .
ureter [noun]

a narrow tube that transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder in the human body

the central collecting region of the kidney where urine from the renal calyces is gathered before it travels to the ureter

the outermost layer of the kidney that houses the functional units responsible for urine production and filtration

the inner part of the kidney that produces urine and regulates water and electrolyte balance

pepsin [noun]

an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides

Ex:
villus [noun]

a microscopic, finger-like structure found in the lining of the small intestine, responsible for enhancing the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream

saliva [noun]

the liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion

Ex: The saliva test provided valuable information about the individual 's hormone levels and overall health .