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Le livre Street Talk 2 - Un Regard Plus Approfondi 2 : Leçon 4

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Street Talk 2
vibrato
[nom]

a slight, rapid variation in pitch and intensity of a note

vibrato, tremblement

vibrato, tremblement

Ex: Vibrato is a fundamental technique for string players, enhancing the richness and expressiveness of their performances.Le **vibrato** est une technique fondamentale pour les instrumentistes à cordes, améliorant la richesse et l'expressivité de leurs performances.

someone who is highly skilled at playing a musical instrument

virtuose

virtuose

Ex: The virtuoso's encore performance brought the crowd to their feet , applauding the masterful display of musical prowess .La performance en rappel du **virtuose** a mis la foule debout, applaudissant l'affichage magistral de la prouesse musicale.
ad hoc
[Adverbe]

for a certain purpose, especially an immediate one

ponctuellement, de façon ponctuelle

ponctuellement, de façon ponctuelle

Ex: The rules were modified ad hoc to suit the unique circumstances of the competition.Les règles ont été modifiées **ad hoc** pour s'adapter aux circonstances uniques de la compétition.
ad infinitum
[Adverbe]

in a way that occurs continuously without a limit

à l'infini

à l'infini

Ex: The loop in the code executed ad infinitum, causing a system crash .La boucle dans le code s'est exécutée **ad infinitum**, provoquant un plantage du système.
to ad lib
[verbe]

to say or perform something spontaneously without prior preparation

ad nauseam
[Adverbe]

excessively repeated to the point of annoyance

à satiété, jusqu'à la nausée

à satiété, jusqu'à la nausée

Ex: The details were examined ad nauseam, leading to frustration among the team .Les détails ont été examinés **ad nauseam**, ce qui a conduit à la frustration au sein de l'équipe.

the university, college, or school that one used to study at

alma mater

alma mater

Ex: The alma mater's new scholarship program aims to support underprivileged students .Le nouveau programme de bourses de **l'alma mater** vise à soutenir les étudiants défavorisés.

one's other personality, particularly one that greatly differs from what one often shows

alter ego

alter ego

alumnus
[nom]

a person, particularly a male one, who is a former student of a college, university, or school

ancien élève, ancien étudiant

ancien élève, ancien étudiant

Ex: The university 's newsletter features stories about notable alumni, celebrating their achievements and contributions to society .La newsletter de l'université présente des histoires sur d'**anciens élèves** notables, célébrant leurs réalisations et leurs contributions à la société.
a.m.
[Adverbe]

between midnight and noon

du matin

du matin

Ex: The gardening store opens at 8 a.m. on weekends.Le magasin de jardinage ouvre à 8 **a.m.** le week-end.
p.m.
[Adverbe]

after noon and before midnight

de l’après-midi, du soir

de l’après-midi, du soir

Ex: The restaurant stops serving dinner at 11 p.m.Le restaurant cesse de servir le dîner à 11 **p.m.**
bona fide
[Adjectif]

genuine and not fake

authentique

authentique

Ex: The historian provided bona fide evidence to support his groundbreaking theory .L'historien a fourni des preuves **bona fide** pour étayer sa théorie révolutionnaire.
platonic
[Adjectif]

(of a relationship) characterized by emotional closeness without romantic or sexual elements

platonique

platonique

Ex: Their friendship was based on a platonic affection for each other .Leur amitié était basée sur une affection **platonique** l'un pour l'autre.
stoic
[Adjectif]

not displaying emotions and not complaining, especially in difficult and painful situations

stoïque

stoïque

Ex: His stoic demeanor helped him handle the stressful situation .Son comportement **stoïque** l'a aidé à gérer la situation stressante.

an actor or actress who performs on stage or in film

typhoon
[nom]

a tropical storm with violent winds moving in a circle that form over the western Pacific Ocean

cyclone tropical

cyclone tropical

Ex: Preparation for typhoons includes securing loose objects and stocking up on emergency supplies like food and water .La préparation aux **typhons** comprend la sécurisation des objets en vrac et l'approvisionnement en fournitures d'urgence comme la nourriture et l'eau.
a capella
[Adjectif]

sung without instrumental accompaniment

a cappella

a cappella

accelerando
[Adverbe]

with increasing speed

en accélérant

en accélérant

one who agitates; a political troublemaker

agitateur, fauteur de troubles

agitateur, fauteur de troubles

al dente
[Adjectif]

(of food, particularly pasta) cooked just enough to still have a firm texture when bitten into, without being overly soft or mushy

al dente

al dente

allegretto
[Adverbe]

in a moderately quick tempo

allegretto

allegretto

allegro
[nom]

a brisk and lively tempo

allegro, tempo allegro

allegro, tempo allegro

andante
[Adjectif]

(of tempo) moderately slow

andante (modérément lent)

andante (modérément lent)

aria
[nom]

a long, elaborate song that is melodious and is intended for a solo voice, especially in an opera

aria

aria

a musical technique where the notes of a chord are played individually in a sequence rather than simultaneously

arpège

arpège

Ex: Jazz improvisation often involves using arpeggios to navigate through chord progressions with fluidity and creativity .L'improvisation jazz implique souvent l'utilisation d'**arpèges** pour naviguer à travers les progressions d'accords avec fluidité et créativité.
tempo
[nom]

the speed that a piece of music is or should be played at

tempo

tempo

Ex: In classical music , tempo changes are often used to add variety to a performance .Dans la musique classique, les changements de **tempo** sont souvent utilisés pour ajouter de la variété à une performance.
cantata
[nom]

a musical composition for voices and orchestra based on a religious text

cantate

cantate

a type of coffee made from espresso mixed with hot milk or cream

cappuccino

cappuccino

Ex: The café offers a variety of cappuccino options , including flavored syrups and alternative milk choices .Le café propose une variété d'options de **cappuccino**, y compris des sirops aromatisés et des choix de lait alternatifs.

a type of soprano singer known for their ability to perform intricate and embellished vocal passages

colorature, soprano colorature

colorature, soprano colorature

Ex: The coloratura's performance in the ensemble piece added a shimmering brilliance to the overall sound , her agile voice dancing above the other singers with grace and precision .La performance de la **colorature** dans le morceau d'ensemble a ajouté une brillance étincelante au son global, sa voix agile dansant au-dessus des autres chanteurs avec grâce et précision.

lively with spirit

allegro con spirito, vif avec esprit

allegro con spirito, vif avec esprit

a female singer with the lowest singing voice

contralto

contralto

crescendo
[Adjectif]

(music) gradually increasing in volume

crescendo,  en crescendo

crescendo, en crescendo

diminuendo
[Adjectif]

(music) gradually decreasing in volume

diminuendo

diminuendo

a singer that uses a male singing voice that extends over the range of a tenor voice

fausset, voix de fausset

fausset, voix de fausset

forte
[Adjectif]

played or sung loudly or with strong emphasis

forte

forte

Ex: The brass section's forte entrance in the jazz ensemble brought a burst of excitement and vigor to the piece.L'entrée **forte** de la section des cuivres dans l'ensemble de jazz a apporté une explosion d'excitation et de vigueur à la pièce.
fortissimo
[Adjectif]

(chiefly a direction or description in music) very loud and strong

fortissimo (très fort et puissant)

fortissimo (très fort et puissant)

glissando
[Adverbe]

(musical direction) in the manner of a glissando (with a rapidly executed series of notes)

en glissando

en glissando

grave
[Adjectif]

serious and solemn in manner or character

grave, sérieux

grave, sérieux

Ex: In times of war , soldiers often wear grave expressions , fully aware of the dangers they face .En temps de guerre, les soldats arborent souvent des expressions **graves**, pleinement conscients des dangers auxquels ils sont confrontés.
incognito
[Adverbe]

in disguise or using a false identity to avoid being recognized

incognito, sous un faux nom

incognito, sous un faux nom

Ex: They dined incognito in a small café to enjoy the evening peacefully.Ils ont dîné **incognito** dans un petit café pour profiter paisiblement de la soirée.
larghetto
[Adjectif]

used to describe a moderately slow tempo, slower than andante but faster than largo

larghetto, modérément lent

larghetto, modérément lent

Ex: In this larghetto passage , the music flows gently .Dans ce passage **larghetto**, la musique coule doucement.
largo
[nom]

a musical piece that is intended to be performed at a very slow tempo and in a serious manner

largo

largo

lento
[Adjectif]

(of tempo) slow

lent

lent

maestro
[nom]

a person who is an expert or master in conducting or directing an orchestra or musical performance

maestro,  chef d'orchestre

maestro, chef d'orchestre

a type of classical female singing voice situated between the soprano and contralto ranges

mezzo-soprano, mezzo

mezzo-soprano, mezzo

Ex: The mezzo-soprano voice lent a warm and velvety quality to the ensemble 's sound .La voix de **mezzo-soprano** a apporté une qualité chaleureuse et veloutée au son de l'ensemble.

a moderate or half voice, meaning to sing or play at a medium volume, not too loud or too soft

mezzo voce, à mi-voix

mezzo voce, à mi-voix

Ex: The conductor asked the orchestra to play mezzo voce during the delicate passage .Le chef d'orchestre a demandé à l'orchestre de jouer **mezzo voce** pendant le passage délicat.
partita
[nom]

a musical suite, typically a collection of dance movements, often in the Baroque period

partita, suite musicale

partita, suite musicale

Ex: The composer ’s partita was structured in multiple contrasting sections .La **partita** du compositeur était structurée en plusieurs sections contrastées.

(music) low loudness

pianissimo

pianissimo

piano
[Adverbe]

used as a direction in music; to be played relatively softly

piano

piano

pizzicato
[Adjectif]

(of instruments in the violin family) to be plucked with the finger

pizzicato, pincé

pizzicato, pincé

presto
[Adjectif]

(of tempo) very fast

rapide,  vite

rapide, vite

the main female singer in an opera or opera company

prima donna

prima donna

rubato
[nom]

a flexible tempo; not strictly on the beat

rubato, tempo rubato

rubato, tempo rubato

(music) a notation written above a note and indicating that it is to be played with a strong initial attack

sforzando

sforzando

soprano
[nom]

a female or young male singer with a singing voice that has the highest range

soprano

soprano

Ex: In the opera , the lead soprano had a challenging role , requiring a powerful range and expressive vocal control .Dans l'opéra, la **soprano** principale avait un rôle exigeant, nécessitant une gamme puissante et un contrôle vocal expressif.
staccato
[Adjectif]

playing or singing musical notes with short, distinct intervals between them

saccadé, haché

saccadé, haché

Ex: The conductor emphasized the staccato passages, creating a sense of urgency in the music.
caveat
[nom]

a warning against certain acts

avertissement,  mise en garde

avertissement, mise en garde

ego
[nom]

an inflated feeling of pride in your superiority to others

ego, amour-propre

ego, amour-propre

etc.
[Adverbe]

continuing in the same way

etc., et ainsi de suite

etc., et ainsi de suite

fetus
[nom]

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

fœtus

fœtus

Ex: Genetic testing was conducted to check for any abnormalities in the fetus.Des tests génétiques ont été effectués pour vérifier toute anomalie chez le **fœtus**.
gratis
[Adverbe]

without costing anything

gratuitement

gratuitement

Ex: They received the tickets gratis as part of a promotional giveaway.Ils ont reçu les billets **gratis** dans le cadre d'une promotion.

an explanation based on limited facts and evidence that is not yet proved to be true

hypothèse

hypothèse

Ex: After analyzing the data , they either confirmed or refuted their initial hypothesis.Après avoir analysé les données, ils ont soit confirmé soit réfuté leur **hypothèse** initiale.
i.e.
[Adverbe]

used to introduce a clarification or explanation

c'est-à-dire, à savoir

c'est-à-dire, à savoir

Ex: She’s a top athlete, i.e., she’s won multiple national championships.Elle est une athlète de haut niveau, **c'est-à-dire** qu'elle a remporté plusieurs championnats nationaux.
in absentia
[Adverbe]

while absent; although absent

en absence, par contumace

en absence, par contumace

libido
[nom]

(psychology) the mental energy or drive connected with sexual desire

Ex: The patient reported a sudden change in libido after treatment .
magna cum laude
[Adjectif]

with high honor; with high academic distinction

avec grande distinction; avec les plus grands honneurs

avec grande distinction; avec les plus grands honneurs

per capita
[Adverbe]

per person

par habitant, par tête

par habitant, par tête

Ex: The study examined the energy consumption per capita in different cities .L'étude a examiné la consommation d'énergie **par habitant** dans différentes villes.
per se
[Adverbe]

used to describe something as it is, without comparing it to other things

en soi, à proprement parler

en soi, à proprement parler

Ex: The policy is n't discriminatory per se, but its impact on certain groups needs consideration .La politique n'est pas discriminatoire **en soi**, mais son impact sur certains groupes doit être pris en compte.
persona
[nom]

(psychology) a person's social representation or the impression other's have of a certain individual which is concealing the true self

personnage

personnage

postmortem
[Adjectif]

occurring or done after death

post-mortem, posthume

post-mortem, posthume

an additional thought or comment added after the main body of a letter or document, usually after the signature

post-scriptum, P.S.

post-scriptum, P.S.

Ex: I included a post scriptum in my thank-you note to let her know I had found the lost book .J'ai inclus un **post scriptum** dans ma note de remerciement pour lui faire savoir que j'avais trouvé le livre perdu.

something done as a formality or for the sake of procedure, often without necessarily having practical significance

proforma, facture proforma

proforma, facture proforma

Ex: He signed the proforma contract , even though the terms had already been agreed upon .Il a signé le contrat **proforma**, bien que les conditions aient déjà été convenues.
quantum
[nom]

the smallest possible amount of a particular quantity that cannot be divided any further

quantum, quantité minimale indivisible

quantum, quantité minimale indivisible

Ex: Quantum electrodynamics is a quantum field theory that describes the interactions between electromagnetic fields and charged particles, such as electrons and photons.L'**électrodynamique quantique** est une théorie des champs quantiques qui décrit les interactions entre les champs électromagnétiques et les particules chargées, comme les électrons et les photons.
rectum
[nom]

the final part of the large intestine where waste is collected before being passed through the anus

rectum

rectum

scrotum
[nom]

a pouch of skin that houses the testicles in the male reproductive system

scrotum, bourse

scrotum, bourse

sputum
[nom]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

crachat, expectoration

crachat, expectoration

Ex: Effective treatment of pneumonia often involves clearing the lungs of sputum to improve breathing .Le traitement efficace de la pneumonie implique souvent de nettoyer les poumons des **crachats** pour améliorer la respiration.
status
[nom]

the condition or situation of something or someone at a particular moment in time

état, statut

état, statut

Ex: The company 's financial status improved after the new investment .La situation financière de l'entreprise s'est améliorée après le nouvel investissement.

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

statu quo

statu quo

Ex: The company ’s policy aims to preserve the status quo in terms of employee benefits .La politique de l'entreprise vise à préserver le **statu quo** en termes d'avantages sociaux.
verbatim
[Adverbe]

in exactly the same words as used originally

textuellement

textuellement

Ex: The witness recited the events verbatim as they occurred on that fateful day .L'article a été repris presque **mot pour mot** d'une autre source.
vice versa
[Adverbe]

with the order or relations reversed

vice versa

vice versa

Ex: He prefers to run in the morning and relax in the evening , but vice versa works just as well for her .Il préfère courir le matin et se détendre le soir, mais **vice versa** fonctionne tout aussi bien pour elle.

a person who is knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a particular activity, subject, or interest

amateur, passionné, fan

amateur, passionné, fan

Ex: He is a football aficionado who knows every player 's statistics .Il est un **aficionado** du football qui connaît les statistiques de chaque joueur.
cabana
[nom]

a hut, shelter, or cabin, usually at a swimming pool or beach

cabane

cabane

Ex: As the sun began to set , they lit candles in the cabana, transforming it into a romantic oasis by the sea .Alors que le soleil commençait à se coucher, ils allumèrent des bougies dans la **cabane**, la transformant en une oasis romantique au bord de la mer.
cantina
[nom]

a bar or small restaurant, often one that serves wine or alcoholic beverages, especially in Mediterranean countries

cantina, bar

cantina, bar

Ex: He excused himself to the cantina, though he was actually just heading to the bathroom .Il s'est excusé pour aller à la **cantina**, bien qu'il se dirigeait en fait juste vers les toilettes.

dense vegetation consisting of stunted trees or bushes

chaparral, maquis

chaparral, maquis

chicano
[nom]

a person of Mexican descent

un Chicano, une personne d'origine mexicaine

un Chicano, une personne d'origine mexicaine

gringo
[nom]

a Latin American (disparaging) term for foreigners (especially Americans and Englishmen)

un terme péjoratif latino-américain pour les étrangers (particulièrement les Américains et les Anglais), gringo (terme péjoratif)

un terme péjoratif latino-américain pour les étrangers (particulièrement les Américains et les Anglais), gringo (terme péjoratif)

hasta la vista
[Interjection]

***until the (next) view : see you later

jusqu'à la vue : à plus tard

jusqu'à la vue : à plus tard

used to say "see you tomorrow," often used as a friendly farewell when you expect to meet someone again the next day

Ex: She waved goodbye and said, 'Hasta mañana!'
incommunicado
[Adjectif]

without the means or right to communicate

incommunicado, sans moyen de communication

incommunicado, sans moyen de communication

macho
[Adjectif]

used of men; markedly masculine in appearance or manner

macho,  viril

macho, viril

matador
[nom]

the principal bullfighter who is appointed to make the final passes and kill the bull

matador,  torero

matador, torero

mucho
[Adverbe]

used to express a large quantity or degree of something, meaning "much," "a lot," or "many" depending on context

beaucoup, énormément

beaucoup, énormément

Ex: He runs mucho faster than I do.Il court **beaucoup** plus vite que moi.
padre
[nom]

a chaplain in one of the military services

aumônier, chapelain

aumônier, chapelain

poncho
[nom]

a simple, sleeveless outer garment, worn over the body to provide warmth and protection from the elements

poncho, cape

poncho, cape

pronto
[Adverbe]

without wasting any time; immediately

immédiatement, sans tarder

immédiatement, sans tarder

Ex: They’ll be here pronto, just waiting on the last couple of things to wrap up.Ils seront ici **pronto**, en attendant juste les dernières choses à finaliser.
Senor
[nom]

a Spanish title or form of address for a man; similar to the English `Mr' or `sir'

Señor, Monsieur

Señor, Monsieur

Senora
[nom]

a Spanish title or form of address for a married woman; similar to the English `Mrs' or `madam'

Madame, Madame

Madame, Madame

ma'am
[nom]

a woman of refinement

madame, dame

madame, dame

a Spanish title or form of address used to or of an unmarried girl or woman; similar to the English `Miss'

Mademoiselle, Jeune fille

Mademoiselle, Jeune fille

a felt or straw hat with a wide brim and a tall crown, typically worn by Mexican men

sombrero

sombrero

bagel
[nom]

(Yiddish) glazed yeast-raised doughnut-shaped roll with hard crust

bagel, beigel

bagel, beigel

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