Vocabulaire pour IELTS (Académique) - Loi

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la loi, tels que "juge", "accusation", "judiciaire", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen IELTS.

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barrister

[nom]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

avocat, plaidant, plaidante

Ex: As a barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .

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to break

[verbe]

to fail to obey the law

transgresser, violer, ne pas respecter

Ex: Breaking copyright laws can lead to legal action against content creators .**Enfreindre** les lois sur le droit d'auteur peut entraîner des poursuites judiciaires contre les créateurs de contenu.

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defendant

[nom]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

défendeur, défenderesse, accusé, accusée

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .Le **défendeur** est resté calme tout au long du procès, maintenant son innocence malgré les arguments solides de l'accusation.

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to judge

[verbe]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

juger

Ex: Lawyers presented their arguments to convince the court to judge in their favor .Les avocats ont présenté leurs arguments pour convaincre le tribunal de **juger** en leur faveur.

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jury

[nom]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

jury

Ex: The jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .Le **jury** était composé de personnes de différentes professions et origines.

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law-abiding

[Adjectif]

being obedient to the law

respectueux des lois

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offender

[nom]

a person who commits a crime

délinquant, délinquante

Ex: Community service can be a constructive way for offenders to make amends for their actions and contribute positively to society .Le service communautaire peut être un moyen constructif pour les **délinquants** de réparer leurs actions et de contribuer positivement à la société.

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solicitor

[nom]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

notaire

Ex: The solicitor explained the terms of the contract clearly .Le **solicitor** a clairement expliqué les termes du contrat.

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to prosecute

[verbe]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

intenter une action

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .Il a engagé un expert pour aider à **poursuivre** l'affaire, en s'assurant que tous les angles juridiques étaient couverts.

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to charge

[verbe]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

inculper

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .En ce moment, l'équipe juridique **accuse** les individus impliqués dans le scandale de corruption.

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trial

[nom]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

procès

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .L'avocat s'est préparé intensément pour le **procès**, rassemblant tous les documents nécessaires et les déclarations des témoins.

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court

[nom]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

tribunal, cour

Ex: The court deliberated for hours before reaching a verdict .Le **tribunal** a délibéré pendant des heures avant de rendre un verdict.

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to plead

[verbe]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

plaider, implorer

Ex: Despite the evidence against him , the defendant chose to plead not guilty by reason of insanity .Malgré les preuves contre lui, l'accusé a choisi de **plaider** non coupable pour cause de folie.

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to acquit

[verbe]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

acquitter

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision to acquit the defendant of all charges .Le processus d'exonération a finalement conduit à la décision du tribunal de **acquitter** le défendeur de toutes les accusations.

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parole

[nom]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

liberté conditionnelle

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism.La **liberté conditionnelle** offre aux délinquants l'opportunité d'une réhabilitation et d'une réintégration dans la société sous supervision, dans le but de réduire la récidive.

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to sentence

[verbe]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

condamner

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .Après le procès, le juge a soigneusement **condamné** le meurtrier reconnu coupable.

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verdict

[nom]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

verdict

Ex: The media reported on the landmark verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .Les médias ont rendu compte du verdict **historique** qui a établi un nouveau précédent en droit pénal.

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to rehabilitate

[verbe]

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

réinsérer, désintoxiquer, rééduquer

Ex: The program successfully rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse .Le programme a **réhabilité** avec succès de nombreuses personnes qui avaient lutté contre la toxicomanie.

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misdeed

[nom]

a wrongful or immoral act

méfait

Ex: The company fired him for his repeated misdeeds.L'entreprise l'a licencié pour ses **méfaits** répétés.

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retribution

[nom]

the action of making amends for a mistake

châtiment

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custodial

[Adjectif]

having custody of someone or connected with the legal right to look after them

(parent) gardien

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to fine

[verbe]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

donner une amende à, donner une contravention à

Ex: He was fined for littering in a public area .Il a été **condamné à une amende** pour avoir jeté des déchets dans un lieu public.

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community service

[nom]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

travaux d’intérêt général, TIG

Ex: He found fulfillment in community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need .Il a trouvé l'épanouissement dans le **service communautaire**, sachant que ses efforts avaient un impact positif sur ceux dans le besoin.

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corporal punishment

[nom]

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

châtiment corporel

Ex: The debate over corporal punishment often centers on the balance between parental rights and the well-being of children .Le débat sur les **châtiments corporels** tourne souvent autour de l'équilibre entre les droits des parents et le bien-être des enfants.

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capital punishment

[nom]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

peine capitale

Ex: Capital punishment is reserved for crimes deemed most severe under the law , such as murder .La **peine capitale** est réservée aux crimes considérés comme les plus graves en vertu de la loi, tels que le meurtre.

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deterrent

[nom]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

moyen de dissuasion, dissuasif, dissuasive

Ex: The complex application process proved to be a deterrent for many applicants .Le processus de candidature complexe s'est avéré être un **désincitatif** pour de nombreux candidats.

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lenient

[Adjectif]

(of a person) tolerant, flexible, or relaxed in enforcing rules or standards, often forgiving and understanding toward others

indulgent

Ex: In contrast to his strict predecessor , the new manager took a lenient approach to employee tardiness , focusing more on productivity than punctuality .Contrairement à son prédécesseur strict, le nouveau gestionnaire a adopté une approche **indulgente** envers les retards des employés, se concentrant davantage sur la productivité que sur la ponctualité.

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conviction

[nom]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

condamnation

Ex: She was shocked by his conviction, as he had always maintained his innocence .Elle a été choquée par sa **condamnation**, car il avait toujours maintenu son innocence.

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judicial

[Adjectif]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

judiciaire

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before the judicial authorities .Les avocats jouent un rôle crucial en présentant des arguments et des preuves devant les autorités **judiciaires**.

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legislation

[nom]

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

législation

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Vocabulaire pour IELTS (Académique) - Loi