雅思词汇（学术） - 法律

在这里，你将学习一些关于法律的英语单词，如“法官”、“指控”、“司法”等，这些都是雅思考试所需要的。

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barrister

[名词]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

Ex: As a barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .

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to break

[动词]

to fail to obey the law

违反, 打破

Ex: Breaking copyright laws can lead to legal action against content creators .**违反**版权法可能会导致对内容创作者采取法律行动。

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defendant

[名词]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

被告, 被告人

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .**被告**在整个审判过程中保持冷静，尽管检方提出了强有力的论点，但仍坚持自己的清白。

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to judge

[动词]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

审判, 决定

Ex: Lawyers presented their arguments to convince the court to judge in their favor .律师们提出了他们的论点，以说服法庭作出对他们有利的**判决**。

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jury

[名词]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

陪审团, 陪审团小组

Ex: The jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .**陪审团**由来自不同职业和背景的个人组成。

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law-abiding

[形容词]

being obedient to the law

守法的, 遵纪守法的

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offender

[名词]

a person who commits a crime

罪犯, 犯罪者

Ex: Community service can be a constructive way for offenders to make amends for their actions and contribute positively to society .社区服务可以是**违法者**弥补其行为并积极贡献社会的建设性方式。

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solicitor

[名词]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

事务律师, 法律顾问

Ex: The solicitor explained the terms of the contract clearly .**律师**清楚地解释了合同的条款。

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to prosecute

[动词]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

起诉, 控告

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .他聘请了一位专家来帮助**起诉**此案，确保涵盖了所有法律角度。

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to charge

[动词]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

指控, 控告

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .目前，法律团队正在**指控**涉及腐败丑闻的个人。

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trial

[名词]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

审判, 庭审

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .律师为**审判**做了充分的准备，收集了所有必要的文件和证人证词。

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court

[名词]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

法庭, 法院

Ex: The court deliberated for hours before reaching a verdict .**法庭**在作出裁决前审议了数小时。

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to plead

[动词]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

辩护

Ex: Despite the evidence against him , the defendant chose to plead not guilty by reason of insanity .尽管有对他不利的证据，被告还是选择以精神错乱为由**辩称**无罪。

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to acquit

[动词]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

宣判无罪, 宣告无罪

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision to acquit the defendant of all charges .免责程序最终导致法院决定**无罪释放**被告的所有指控。

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parole

[名词]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

假释

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism.**假释**为罪犯提供了在监督下康复和重新融入社会的机会，旨在减少再犯。

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to sentence

[动词]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

判处

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .审判后，法官仔细地**判决**了被定罪的凶手。

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verdict

[名词]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

裁决, 判决

Ex: The media reported on the landmark verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .媒体报道了这一具有里程碑意义的**判决**，为刑法设立了新的先例。

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to rehabilitate

[动词]

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

康复, 恢复

Ex: The program successfully rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse .该计划成功地**康复**了许多与药物滥用作斗争的人。

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misdeed

[名词]

a wrongful or immoral act

恶行, 不道德行为

Ex: The company fired him for his repeated misdeeds.公司因他屡次**不当行为**而解雇了他。

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retribution

[名词]

the action of making amends for a mistake

补偿, 赔偿

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custodial

[形容词]

having custody of someone or connected with the legal right to look after them

监护的, 与监护权相关的

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to fine

[动词]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

罚款, 处以罚款

Ex: He was fined for littering in a public area .他因在公共场所乱扔垃圾而被**罚款**。

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community service

[名词]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

社区服务, 公益劳动

Ex: He found fulfillment in community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need .他在**社区服务**中找到了满足感，知道自己的努力正在对那些需要帮助的人产生积极影响。

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corporal punishment

[名词]

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

体罚, 身体惩罚

Ex: The debate over corporal punishment often centers on the balance between parental rights and the well-being of children .关于**体罚**的辩论往往集中在父母权利与儿童福祉之间的平衡上。

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capital punishment

[名词]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

死刑, 极刑

Ex: Capital punishment is reserved for crimes deemed most severe under the law , such as murder .**死刑**是为法律上认为最严重的罪行保留的，例如谋杀。

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deterrent

[名词]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

威慑, 障碍

Ex: The complex application process proved to be a deterrent for many applicants .复杂的申请过程被证明对许多申请人来说是一个**威慑**。

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lenient

[形容词]

(of a person) tolerant, flexible, or relaxed in enforcing rules or standards, often forgiving and understanding toward others

宽容的, 灵活的

Ex: In contrast to his strict predecessor , the new manager took a lenient approach to employee tardiness , focusing more on productivity than punctuality .与他严格的前任相反，新经理对员工迟到采取了**宽容**的态度，更注重生产力而非准时性。

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conviction

[名词]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

定罪, 有罪宣告

Ex: She was shocked by his conviction, as he had always maintained his innocence .她对他的**定罪**感到震惊，因为他一直坚称自己是无辜的。

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judicial

[形容词]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

司法的

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before the judicial authorities .律师在向**司法**当局提出论据和证据方面发挥着至关重要的作用。

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legislation

[名词]

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

立法

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雅思词汇（学术）

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雅思词汇（学术） - 法律