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IELTS のための語彙 (アカデミック) - 法律

ここでは、IELTS試験に必要な「裁判官」、「起訴」、「司法」などの法律に関する英語の単語を学びます。

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Words for Academic IELTS
barrister
barrister
[名詞]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

弁護士, 法廷弁護士

弁護士, 法廷弁護士

Ex: The barrister specialized in family law, providing guidance and representation in divorce and custody cases. 

バリスターは家族法を専門とし、離婚や親権の案件で指導と代理を提供していた。

to break
to break
[動詞]

to fail to obey the law

違反する, 破る

違反する, 破る

Ex: He didn't want to break the law, so he stopped at the red light. 
defendant
defendant
[名詞]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

被告, 被告人

被告, 被告人

Ex: The judge instructed the jury to consider all the evidence presented before reaching a verdict on the defendant's case. 
to judge
to judge
[動詞]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

裁く, 判断する

裁く, 判断する

Ex: The jury will judge the defendant based on the evidence presented during the trial. 
jury
jury
[名詞]

a group of people chosen to hear the evidence in a court case and reach a verdict

Ex: The jury found the defendant not guilty. 
law-abiding
law-abiding
[形容詞]

being obedient to the law

法律を遵守する, 法を守る

法律を遵守する, 法を守る

offender
offender
[名詞]

a person who commits a crime or other illegal act

Ex: The offender was arrested shortly after the robbery. 
solicitor
solicitor
[名詞]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

ソリシター, 顧問弁護士

ソリシター, 顧問弁護士

Ex: He hired a solicitor to help with his will and estate planning. 
to prosecute
to prosecute
[動詞]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

起訴する, 告訴する

起訴する, 告訴する

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 

弁護士は被害者の家族に代わって事件を起訴するために雇われました。

to charge
to charge
[動詞]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

起訴する, 告訴する

起訴する, 告訴する

Ex: Last year, the authorities successfully charged the suspect with money laundering. 
trial
trial
[名詞]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

裁判, 公判

裁判, 公判

Ex: The trial attracted a lot of media attention due to the high-profile nature of the case. 
court
court
[名詞]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

法廷, 裁判所

法廷, 裁判所

Ex: The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff in the civil case. 
to plead
to plead
[動詞]

to officially state in court whether one is guilty or not guilty of a criminal charge

Ex: Daniel pleaded not guilty to the charge. 
to acquit
to acquit
[動詞]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

無罪を言い渡す, 無罪と宣言する

無罪を言い渡す, 無罪と宣言する

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 

その会社は不正行為で告発されたが、徹底的な調査の後、違法行為のすべてから無罪となった。

parole
parole
[名詞]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

仮釈放

仮釈放

Ex: After serving half of his sentence in prison, the inmate was eligible for parole, subject to certain conditions and supervision. 

刑期の半分を刑務所で服役した後、その受刑者は一定の条件と監督の下で仮釈放の資格を得た。

to sentence
to sentence
[動詞]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

判決を下す

判決を下す

Ex: Last year, the jury unanimously sentenced the defendant to a lengthy prison term. 
verdict
verdict
[名詞]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

Ex: The jury returned a guilty verdict. 
to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

リハビリテートする, 更生させる

リハビリテートする, 更生させる

Ex: The program aimed to rehabilitate individuals with substance abuse issues, providing support for a drug-free life. 

このプログラムは、薬物乱用問題を抱える個人をリハビリテートすることを目的とし、薬物のない生活のための支援を提供しました。

misdeed
misdeed
[名詞]

a wrongful or immoral act

悪行, 不正行為

悪行, 不正行為

Ex: A simple misdeed can sometimes lead to serious consequences. 

単純な悪行が時には深刻な結果を招くことがあります。

retribution
retribution
[名詞]

correction imposed as repayment for wrongdoing

報復, 懲罰

報復, 懲罰

Ex: The community sought retribution through justice, not violence. 

コミュニティは暴力ではなく、正義を通じて報復を求めた。

custodial
custodial
[形容詞]

having custody of someone or connected with the legal right to look after them

監護の, 監護権に関連する

監護の, 監護権に関連する

to fine
to fine
[動詞]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

罰金を科す, 過料を課す

罰金を科す, 過料を課す

Ex: The city council decided to fine residents who fail to properly sort their recycling. 
community service

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

社会奉仕, コミュニティサービス

社会奉仕, コミュニティサービス

Ex: After being convicted of vandalism, he was sentenced to 100 hours of community service. 

破壊行為で有罪判決を受けた後、彼は100時間の社会奉仕を命じられた。

corporal punishment

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

体罰, 身体的罰

体罰, 身体的罰

Ex: Corporal punishment, such as spanking or paddling, is a controversial method of disciplining children. 

体罰、例えばスパンキングやパドリングは、子供をしつけるための論争の的になる方法です。

capital punishment

the killing of a criminal as punishment

死刑, 極刑

死刑, 極刑

Ex: The debate over capital punishment continues to be a contentious issue in many countries. 

死刑をめぐる議論は、多くの国で論争の的となっています。

deterrent
deterrent
[名詞]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

抑止力, 障害

抑止力, 障害

Ex: Increased security measures serve as a deterrent to potential thieves. 

強化された安全対策は、潜在的な泥棒に対する抑止力として機能します。

lenient
lenient
[形容詞]

(of a person) tolerant, flexible, or relaxed in enforcing rules or standards, often forgiving and understanding toward others

寛大な, 柔軟な

寛大な, 柔軟な

Ex: The lenient teacher allowed students extra time to complete assignments if they had valid reasons for delays. 

寛大な教師は、正当な理由があれば、生徒に課題を完成させるための追加時間を許可しました。

conviction
conviction
[名詞]

a court's formal judgment that someone is guilty of a crime

有罪判決

有罪判決

Ex: The prosecutor secured a conviction after presenting the new evidence. 
judicial
judicial
[形容詞]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

司法の

司法の

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 

政府の司法部門は、裁判所と裁判官を通じて法律の解釈と適用を監督します。

legislation
legislation
[名詞]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

立法, 法律

立法, 法律

Ex: Critics argue that the tax legislation favors large corporations. 
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