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IELTS のための語彙 (アカデミック) - 法律

ここでは、IELTS試験に必要な「裁判官」、「起訴」、「司法」などの法律に関する英語の単語を学びます。

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Words for Academic IELTS
barrister
barrister
[名詞]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

弁護士, 法廷弁護士

弁護士, 法廷弁護士

Ex: The barrister specialized in family law, providing guidance and representation in divorce and custody cases. 

バリスターは家族法を専門とし、離婚や親権の案件で指導と代理を提供していた。

to break
to break
[動詞]

to fail to obey the law

違反する, 破る

違反する, 破る

Ex: He didn't want to break the law, so he stopped at the red light. 

彼は法律を破ることを望まなかったので、赤信号で止まりました。

defendant
defendant
[名詞]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

被告, 被告人

被告, 被告人

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of theft and fraud. 

被告は窃盗と詐欺の罪に対して無罪を主張した。

to judge
to judge
[動詞]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

裁く, 判断する

裁く, 判断する

Ex: Lawyers presented their arguments to convince the court to judge in their favor. 

弁護士は、裁判所に自分たちに有利な判決を下すよう説得するために、彼らの議論を提示しました。

jury
jury
[名詞]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

陪審, 陪審員パネル

陪審, 陪審員パネル

Ex: The jury deliberated for several hours before reaching a unanimous verdict. 

陪審員は、全会一致の評決に達するまで数時間審議した。

law-abiding
law-abiding
[形容詞]

being obedient to the law

法律を遵守する, 法を守る

法律を遵守する, 法を守る

offender
offender
[名詞]

a person who commits a crime

犯罪者, 犯人

犯罪者, 犯人

Ex: The police apprehended the offender and took him into custody. 

警察は犯罪者を逮捕し、拘束しました。

solicitor
solicitor
[名詞]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

ソリシター, 顧問弁護士

ソリシター, 顧問弁護士

Ex: She consulted a solicitor for advice on buying a house. 

彼女は家を購入するためのアドバイスをソリシターに相談しました。

to prosecute
to prosecute
[動詞]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

起訴する, 告訴する

起訴する, 告訴する

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 

弁護士は被害者の家族に代わって事件を起訴するために雇われました。

to charge
to charge
[動詞]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

起訴する, 告訴する

起訴する, 告訴する

Ex: Last year, the authorities successfully charged the suspect with money laundering. 

昨年、当局は容疑者をマネーロンダリングで起訴することに成功しました。

trial
trial
[名詞]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

裁判, 公判

裁判, 公判

Ex: The trial lasted for several weeks as witnesses testified and evidence was presented. 

裁判は数週間続き、証人が証言し、証拠が提示されました。

court
court
[名詞]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

法廷, 裁判所

法廷, 裁判所

Ex: The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff in the civil case. 

裁判所は民事事件で原告に有利な判決を下した。

to plead
to plead
[動詞]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

申し立てる

申し立てる

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of robbery and assault. 

被告は強盗と暴行の罪に対して無罪を主張しました。

to acquit
to acquit
[動詞]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

無罪を言い渡す, 無罪と宣言する

無罪を言い渡す, 無罪と宣言する

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 

その会社は不正行為で告発されたが、徹底的な調査の後、違法行為のすべてから無罪となった。

parole
parole
[名詞]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

仮釈放

仮釈放

Ex: After serving half of his sentence in prison, the inmate was eligible for parole, subject to certain conditions and supervision. 

刑期の半分を刑務所で服役した後、その受刑者は一定の条件と監督の下で仮釈放の資格を得た。

to sentence
to sentence
[動詞]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

判決を下す

判決を下す

Ex: The judge will sentence the convicted criminal to five years in prison. 

裁判官は有罪判決を受けた犯罪者に5年の刑を言い渡すでしょう。

verdict
verdict
[名詞]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

評決, 判決

評決, 判決

Ex: The jury reached an unanimous verdict of guilty after deliberating for several hours. 

陪審員は数時間にわたる審議の後、有罪の全会一致の 評決 に達しました。

to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

リハビリテートする, 更生させる

リハビリテートする, 更生させる

Ex: The program aimed to rehabilitate individuals with substance abuse issues, providing support for a drug-free life. 

このプログラムは、薬物乱用問題を抱える個人をリハビリテートすることを目的とし、薬物のない生活のための支援を提供しました。

misdeed
misdeed
[名詞]

a wrongful or immoral act

悪行, 不正行為

悪行, 不正行為

Ex: A simple misdeed can sometimes lead to serious consequences. 

単純な悪行が時には深刻な結果を招くことがあります。

retribution
retribution
[名詞]

correction imposed as repayment for wrongdoing

報復, 懲罰

報復, 懲罰

Ex: The community sought retribution through justice, not violence. 

コミュニティは暴力ではなく、正義を通じて報復を求めた。

custodial
custodial
[形容詞]

having custody of someone or connected with the legal right to look after them

監護の, 監護権に関連する

監護の, 監護権に関連する

to fine
to fine
[動詞]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

罰金を科す, 過料を課す

罰金を科す, 過料を課す

Ex: The city council decided to fine residents who fail to properly sort their recycling. 

市議会はリサイクルを適切に分別しない住民に罰金を科すことを決定しました。

community service

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

社会奉仕, コミュニティサービス

社会奉仕, コミュニティサービス

Ex: After being convicted of vandalism, he was sentenced to 100 hours of community service. 

破壊行為で有罪判決を受けた後、彼は100時間の社会奉仕を命じられた。

corporal punishment

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

体罰, 身体的罰

体罰, 身体的罰

Ex: Corporal punishment, such as spanking or paddling, is a controversial method of disciplining children. 

体罰、例えばスパンキングやパドリングは、子供をしつけるための論争の的になる方法です。

capital punishment

the killing of a criminal as punishment

死刑, 極刑

死刑, 極刑

Ex: The debate over capital punishment continues to be a contentious issue in many countries. 

死刑をめぐる議論は、多くの国で論争の的となっています。

deterrent
deterrent
[名詞]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

抑止力, 障害

抑止力, 障害

Ex: Increased security measures serve as a deterrent to potential thieves. 

強化された安全対策は、潜在的な泥棒に対する抑止力として機能します。

lenient
lenient
[形容詞]

(of a person) tolerant, flexible, or relaxed in enforcing rules or standards, often forgiving and understanding toward others

寛大な, 柔軟な

寛大な, 柔軟な

Ex: The lenient teacher allowed students extra time to complete assignments if they had valid reasons for delays. 

寛大な教師は、正当な理由があれば、生徒に課題を完成させるための追加時間を許可しました。

conviction
conviction
[名詞]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

有罪判決, 有罪の宣言

有罪判決, 有罪の宣言

Ex: The defendant's conviction was based on solid evidence presented during the trial. 

被告の有罪判決は、裁判中に提示された確固たる証拠に基づいていました。

judicial
judicial
[形容詞]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

司法の

司法の

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 

政府の司法部門は、裁判所と裁判官を通じて法律の解釈と適用を監督します。

legislation
legislation
[名詞]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

立法, 法律

立法, 法律

Ex: The new environmental legislation limits carbon emissions from factories. 

新しい環境法は、工場からの炭素排出を制限します。

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