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Slovní Zásoba pro IELTS (Akademická) - Zákon

Zde se dozvíte některá anglická slovíčka o právu, jako je „judge“, „charge“, „judicial“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
barrister
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

obhájce, advokát

obhájce, advokát

Ex: As barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .
to break
[sloveso]

to fail to obey the law

porušit, přestoupit

porušit, přestoupit

Ex: Breaking copyright laws can lead to legal action against content creators .
defendant
[Podstatné jméno]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

obžalovaný, žalovaný

obžalovaný, žalovaný

Ex: defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .
to judge
[sloveso]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

posoudit, soudit

posoudit, soudit

Ex: Lawyers presented their arguments to convince the court judge in their favor .
jury
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

žirij, sbor porotců

žirij, sbor porotců

Ex: jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .
law-abiding
[Přídavné jméno]

being obedient to the law

poctivý, zákonný

poctivý, zákonný

offender
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who commits a crime

Ex: Community service can be a constructive way offenders to make amends for their actions and contribute positively to society .
solicitor
[Podstatné jméno]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

právník, advokát

právník, advokát

Ex: solicitor explained the terms of the contract clearly .
to prosecute
[sloveso]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

stíhat, prosecutovat

stíhat, prosecutovat

Ex: He hired an expert to prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .
to charge
[sloveso]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

obvinit, zatknout

obvinit, zatknout

Ex: Right now , the legal team charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .
trial
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

soudní řízení, proces

soudní řízení, proces

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .
court
[Podstatné jméno]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

soud, zasedání soudu

soud, zasedání soudu

Ex: court deliberated for hours before reaching a verdict .
to plead
[sloveso]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

přiznat se, vznášet obhajobu

přiznat se, vznášet obhajobu

Ex: Despite the evidence against him , the defendant chose plead not guilty by reason of insanity .
to acquit
[sloveso]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

osvobodit, zprostit viny

osvobodit, zprostit viny

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision acquit the defendant of all charges .
parole
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

podmíněné propuštění, parole

podmíněné propuštění, parole

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism.
to sentence
[sloveso]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

odsoudit, vyslovit trest

odsoudit, vyslovit trest

Ex: After the trial , the judge sentenced the convicted murderer .
verdict
[Podstatné jméno]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

verdikt, rozsudek

verdikt, rozsudek

Ex: The media reported on the verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitovat, navrátit do formy

rehabilitovat, navrátit do formy

Ex: The program rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse .
misdeed
[Podstatné jméno]

a wrongful or immoral act

prohřešek, nepravost

prohřešek, nepravost

Ex: The company fired him for his misdeeds.
retribution
[Podstatné jméno]

the action of making amends for a mistake

odplata, náprava

odplata, náprava

custodial
[Přídavné jméno]

having custody of someone or connected with the legal right to look after them

opatrovnický, péče o

opatrovnický, péče o

to fine
[sloveso]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

přestupkovat, pokutovat

přestupkovat, pokutovat

Ex: He fined for littering in a public area .
community service
[Podstatné jméno]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

veřejně prospěšná práce, komunitní služba

veřejně prospěšná práce, komunitní služba

Ex: He found fulfillment community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need .
corporal punishment
[Podstatné jméno]

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

tělesný trest, fyzický trest

tělesný trest, fyzický trest

Ex: The debate corporal punishment often centers on the balance between parental rights and the well-being of children .
capital punishment
[Podstatné jméno]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

trest smrti, kapitální trest

trest smrti, kapitální trest

Ex: Capital punishment is reserved for crimes deemed most severe under the law , such as murder .
deterrent
[Podstatné jméno]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

odstrašující prostředek, odrazení

odstrašující prostředek, odrazení

Ex: The complex application process proved to be deterrent for many applicants .
lenient
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a person) tolerant, flexible, or relaxed in enforcing rules or standards, often forgiving and understanding toward others

shovívavý, liberalní

shovívavý, liberalní

Ex: In contrast to his strict predecessor , the new manager took lenient approach to employee tardiness , focusing more on productivity than punctuality .
conviction
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

odsouzení, rozsudek

odsouzení, rozsudek

Ex: She was shocked by conviction, as he had always maintained his innocence .
judicial
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

soudní, justiční

soudní, justiční

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before judicial authorities .
legislation
[Podstatné jméno]

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

legislativa, zákonodárství

legislativa, zákonodárství

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