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Slovní Zásoba pro IELTS (Akademická) - Zákon

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o právu, jako jsou "soudce", "obvinění", "soudní" apod., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
barrister
barrister
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

advokát, právník

advokát, právník

Ex: The barrister specialized in family law, providing guidance and representation in divorce and custody cases. 
to break
to break
[sloveso]

to fail to obey the law

porušit, zlomit

porušit, zlomit

Ex: She was caught breaking the contract by sharing confidential information. 
defendant
defendant
[Podstatné jméno]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

obžalovaný, obviněný

obžalovaný, obviněný

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of theft and fraud. 
to judge
to judge
[sloveso]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

soudit, rozhodnout

soudit, rozhodnout

Ex: The jury will judge the defendant based on the evidence presented during the trial. 
jury
jury
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

porota, panel porotců

porota, panel porotců

Ex: The jury deliberated for several hours before reaching a unanimous verdict. 
law-abiding
law-abiding
[Přídavné jméno]

being obedient to the law

zákonaborný, dodržující zákony

zákonaborný, dodržující zákony

offender
offender
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who commits a crime

pachatel, zločinec

pachatel, zločinec

Ex: The police apprehended the offender and took him into custody. 
solicitor
solicitor
[Podstatné jméno]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

solicitor, právní poradce

solicitor, právní poradce

Ex: She consulted a solicitor for advice on buying a house. 
to prosecute
to prosecute
[sloveso]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

stíhat, obvinit

stíhat, obvinit

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
to charge
to charge
[sloveso]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

obvinit, obžalovat

obvinit, obžalovat

Ex: The prosecutor decided to charge the suspect with theft based on the evidence. 
trial
trial
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

soudní proces, přelíčení

soudní proces, přelíčení

Ex: The trial lasted for several weeks as witnesses testified and evidence was presented. 
court
court
[Podstatné jméno]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

soud, soudní dvůr

soud, soudní dvůr

Ex: The court listened carefully to the witness's testimony. 
to plead
to plead
[sloveso]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

prosadit

prosadit

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of robbery and assault. 
to acquit
to acquit
[sloveso]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

osvobodit, prohlásit za nevinného

osvobodit, prohlásit za nevinného

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 
parole
parole
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

podmínečné propuštění

podmínečné propuštění

Ex: After serving half of his sentence in prison, the inmate was eligible for parole, subject to certain conditions and supervision. 
to sentence
to sentence
[sloveso]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

odsoudit

odsoudit

Ex: The judge will sentence the convicted criminal to five years in prison. 
verdict
verdict
[Podstatné jméno]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

verdikt, rozsudek

verdikt, rozsudek

Ex: The jury reached an unanimous verdict of guilty after deliberating for several hours. 
to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitovat, obnovit

rehabilitovat, obnovit

Ex: The program aimed to rehabilitate individuals with substance abuse issues, providing support for a drug-free life. 
misdeed
misdeed
[Podstatné jméno]

a wrongful or immoral act

špatný čin, zločin

špatný čin, zločin

Ex: A simple misdeed can sometimes lead to serious consequences. 
retribution
retribution
[Podstatné jméno]

correction imposed as repayment for wrongdoing

trest, odplata

trest, odplata

Ex: The community sought retribution through justice, not violence. 
custodial
custodial
[Přídavné jméno]

having custody of someone or connected with the legal right to look after them

opatrovnický, související s opatrovnictvím

opatrovnický, související s opatrovnictvím

to fine
to fine
[sloveso]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

pokutovat, udělit pokutu

pokutovat, udělit pokutu

Ex: The police officer fined the driver for speeding in a school zone. 
community service
community service
[Podstatné jméno]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

veřejně prospěšné práce, dobrovolnická služba

veřejně prospěšné práce, dobrovolnická služba

Ex: After being convicted of vandalism, he was sentenced to 100 hours of community service. 
corporal punishment
corporal punishment
[Podstatné jméno]

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

tělesný trest, fyzický trest

tělesný trest, fyzický trest

Ex: Corporal punishment, such as spanking or paddling, is a controversial method of disciplining children. 
capital punishment
capital punishment
[Podstatné jméno]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

trest smrti, hlavní trest

trest smrti, hlavní trest

Ex: The debate over capital punishment continues to be a contentious issue in many countries. 
deterrent
deterrent
[Podstatné jméno]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

odstrašující prostředek, překážka

odstrašující prostředek, překážka

Ex: Increased security measures serve as a deterrent to potential thieves. 
lenient
lenient
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a person) tolerant, flexible, or relaxed in enforcing rules or standards, often forgiving and understanding toward others

shovívavý, flexibilní

shovívavý, flexibilní

Ex: The lenient teacher allowed students extra time to complete assignments if they had valid reasons for delays. 
conviction
conviction
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

odsouzení, prohlášení viny

odsouzení, prohlášení viny

Ex: The defendant's conviction was based on solid evidence presented during the trial. 
judicial
judicial
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

soudní

soudní

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 
legislation
legislation
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

zákonodárství, zákon

zákonodárství, zákon

Ex: The new environmental legislation limits carbon emissions from factories. 
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