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Словарный Запас для IELTS (Академический) - Закон

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о законе, такие как "судья", "обвинение", "судебный" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
barrister
barrister
[существительное]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

адвокат

адвокат

Ex: The barrister specialized in family law, providing guidance and representation in divorce and custody cases. 
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to break
to break
[глагол]

to fail to obey the law

нарушать закон

нарушать закон

Ex: She was caught breaking the contract by sharing confidential information. 
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defendant
defendant
[существительное]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

ответчик

ответчик

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of theft and fraud. 
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to judge
to judge
[глагол]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

судить

судить

Ex: The jury will judge the defendant based on the evidence presented during the trial. 
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jury
jury
[существительное]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

суд присяжных

суд присяжных

Ex: The jury deliberated for several hours before reaching a unanimous verdict. 
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law-abiding
law-abiding
[прилагательное]

being obedient to the law

законопослушный

законопослушный

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offender
offender
[существительное]

a person who commits a crime

преступник

преступник

Ex: The police apprehended the offender and took him into custody. 
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solicitor
solicitor
[существительное]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

юрист

юрист

Ex: She consulted a solicitor for advice on buying a house. 
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to prosecute
to prosecute
[глагол]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

преследовать в судебном порядке

преследовать в судебном порядке

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
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to charge
to charge
[глагол]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

обвинять

обвинять

Ex: The prosecutor decided to charge the suspect with theft based on the evidence. 
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trial
trial
[существительное]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

судебное разбирательство

судебное разбирательство

Ex: The trial lasted for several weeks as witnesses testified and evidence was presented. 
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court
court
[существительное]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

суд

суд

Ex: The court listened carefully to the witness's testimony. 
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to plead
to plead
[глагол]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

признавать

признавать

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of robbery and assault. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[глагол]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

оправдывать

оправдывать

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 
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parole
parole
[существительное]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

досрочное освобождение

досрочное освобождение

Ex: After serving half of his sentence in prison, the inmate was eligible for parole, subject to certain conditions and supervision. 
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to sentence
to sentence
[глагол]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

приговаривать

приговаривать

Ex: The judge will sentence the convicted criminal to five years in prison. 
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verdict
verdict
[существительное]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

приговор

приговор

Ex: The jury reached an unanimous verdict of guilty after deliberating for several hours. 
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to rehabilitate
to rehabilitate
[глагол]

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

реабилитировать

реабилитировать

Ex: The program aimed to rehabilitate individuals with substance abuse issues, providing support for a drug-free life. 
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misdeed
misdeed
[существительное]

a wrongful or immoral act

проступок

проступок

Ex: A simple misdeed can sometimes lead to serious consequences. 
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retribution
retribution
[существительное]

correction imposed as repayment for wrongdoing

возмездие

возмездие

Ex: The community sought retribution through justice, not violence. 
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custodial
custodial
[прилагательное]

having custody of someone or connected with the legal right to look after them

опекунский

опекунский

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to fine
to fine
[глагол]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

штрафовать

штрафовать

Ex: The police officer fined the driver for speeding in a school zone. 
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community service
community service
[существительное]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

общественная работа

общественная работа

Ex: After being convicted of vandalism, he was sentenced to 100 hours of community service. 
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corporal punishment
corporal punishment
[существительное]

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

телесные наказания

телесные наказания

Ex: Corporal punishment, such as spanking or paddling, is a controversial method of disciplining children. 
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capital punishment
capital punishment
[существительное]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

смертная казнь

смертная казнь

Ex: The debate over capital punishment continues to be a contentious issue in many countries. 
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deterrent
deterrent
[существительное]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

сдерживающий

сдерживающий

Ex: Increased security measures serve as a deterrent to potential thieves. 
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lenient
lenient
[прилагательное]

(of a person) tolerant, flexible, or relaxed in enforcing rules or standards, often forgiving and understanding toward others

снисходительный

снисходительный

Ex: The lenient teacher allowed students extra time to complete assignments if they had valid reasons for delays. 
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conviction
conviction
[существительное]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

признание

признание

Ex: The defendant's conviction was based on solid evidence presented during the trial. 
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judicial
judicial
[прилагательное]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

судебный

судебный

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 
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legislation
legislation
[существительное]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

законодательство

законодательство

Ex: The new environmental legislation limits carbon emissions from factories. 
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