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Vocabulário para IELTS (Acadêmico) - A Lei

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês sobre a lei, como "juiz", "acusação", "judicial", etc., que são necessárias para o exame IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
barrister
barrister
[substantivo]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

advogado, causídico

advogado, causídico

Ex: As a barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations. 

Como advogado, ele é conhecido por sua mente jurídica afiada e apresentações eloquentes no tribunal.

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to break
to break
[verbo]

to fail to obey the law

infringir, violar

infringir, violar

Ex: Breaking the no-smoking rule can result in fines in public places. 
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defendant
defendant
[substantivo]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

réu, acusado

réu, acusado

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to cast doubt on the defendant's involvement. 
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to judge
to judge
[verbo]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

julgar, decidir

julgar, decidir

Ex: The court must judge the defendant according to the evidence. 
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jury
jury
[substantivo]

a group of people chosen to hear the evidence in a court case and reach a verdict

júri,  conselho de sentença

júri, conselho de sentença

Ex: The judge instructed the jury to consider only the evidence presented in court. 
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law-abiding
law-abiding
[adjetivo]

being obedient to the law

respeitador da lei, cumpridor da lei

respeitador da lei, cumpridor da lei

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offender
offender
[substantivo]

a person who commits a crime or other illegal act

Ex: The court ordered the offender to pay compensation. 
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solicitor
solicitor
[substantivo]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

solicitor, advogado consultor

solicitor, advogado consultor

Ex: In the UK, solicitors handle most client interactions. 
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to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

processar, acusar

processar, acusar

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case, ensuring every legal angle was covered. 

Ele contratou um especialista para ajudar a processar o caso, garantindo que todos os ângulos legais fossem cobertos.

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to charge
to charge
[verbo]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

acusar, incriminar

acusar, incriminar

Ex: The district attorney is considering whether to charge the defendant with assault. 
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trial
trial
[substantivo]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

julgamento, processo judicial

julgamento, processo judicial

Ex: After a lengthy trial, the defendant was found guilty and sentenced to ten years in prison. 
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court
court
[substantivo]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

tribunal, corte

tribunal, corte

Ex: The lawyer addressed the court with a passionate closing argument. 
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to plead
to plead
[verbo]

to officially state in court whether one is guilty or not guilty of a criminal charge

declarar-se,  alegar

declarar-se, alegar

Ex: The judge asked the accused how he wished to plead. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[verbo]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

absolver, declarar inocente

absolver, declarar inocente

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court's decision to acquit the defendant of all charges. 

O processo de exoneração acabou por levar à decisão do tribunal de absolver o réu de todas as acusações.

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parole
parole
[substantivo]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

liberdade condicional

liberdade condicional

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism. 

A liberdade condicional oferece aos infratores a oportunidade de reabilitação e reintegração na sociedade sob supervisão, com o objetivo de reduzir a reincidência.

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to sentence

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

sentenciar

sentenciar

Ex: The judge carefully considered the evidence before deciding how to sentence the defendant. 
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verdict
verdict
[substantivo]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

Ex: After hours of discussion, the jury reached a unanimous verdict. 
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to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

reabilitar, recuperar

reabilitar, recuperar

Ex: The program successfully rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse. 

O programa reabilitou com sucesso muitos indivíduos que lutaram contra o abuso de substâncias.

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misdeed
misdeed
[substantivo]

a wrongful or immoral act

maldade, ato imoral

maldade, ato imoral

Ex: The company fired him for his repeated misdeeds. 

A empresa o demitiu por seus repetidos delitos.

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retribution
retribution
[substantivo]

correction imposed as repayment for wrongdoing

punição, retribuição

punição, retribuição

Ex: The trial provided a form of retribution for the victims' families. 

O julgamento forneceu uma forma de retribuição para as famílias das vítimas.

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custodial
custodial
[adjetivo]

having custody of someone or connected with the legal right to look after them

de custódia, relacionado à custódia

de custódia, relacionado à custódia

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to fine
to fine
[verbo]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

multar, aplicar uma multa

multar, aplicar uma multa

Ex: The police officer fined the driver for speeding in a school zone. 
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community service
community service
[substantivo]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

serviço comunitário, trabalho comunitário

serviço comunitário, trabalho comunitário

Ex: He found fulfillment in community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need. 

Ele encontrou realização no serviço comunitário, sabendo que seus esforços estavam tendo um impacto positivo naqueles em necessidade.

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corporal punishment
corporal punishment
[substantivo]

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

punição corporal, castigo físico

punição corporal, castigo físico

Ex: The debate over corporal punishment often centers on the balance between parental rights and the well-being of children. 

O debate sobre punição corporal frequentemente centra-se no equilíbrio entre os direitos dos pais e o bem-estar das crianças.

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capital punishment
capital punishment
[substantivo]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

pena capital, pena de morte

pena capital, pena de morte

Ex: Capital punishment is reserved for crimes deemed most severe under the law, such as murder. 

A pena capital é reservada para crimes considerados mais graves sob a lei, como assassinato.

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deterrent
deterrent
[substantivo]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

dissuasor, freio

dissuasor, freio

Ex: The complex application process proved to be a deterrent for many applicants. 

O complexo processo de inscrição provou ser um deterrente para muitos candidatos.

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lenient
lenient
[adjetivo]

(of a person) tolerant, flexible, or relaxed in enforcing rules or standards, often forgiving and understanding toward others

indulgente, flexível

indulgente, flexível

Ex: In contrast to his strict predecessor, the new manager took a lenient approach to employee tardiness, focusing more on productivity than punctuality. 

Em contraste com seu antecessor rigoroso, o novo gerente adotou uma abordagem indulgente em relação ao atraso dos funcionários, focando mais na produtividade do que na pontualidade.

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conviction
conviction
[substantivo]

a court's formal judgment that someone is guilty of a crime

condenação

condenação

Ex: A serious conviction can affect a person's future employment. 
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judicial
judicial
[adjetivo]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

judicial

judicial

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before the judicial authorities. 

Os advogados desempenham um papel crucial na apresentação de argumentos e provas perante as autoridades judiciais.

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legislation
legislation
[substantivo]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

legislação, lei

legislação, lei

Ex: The legislation on data privacy has changed how companies handle user information. 
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