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Ordförråd för IELTS (Akademisk) - Lagen

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om lagen, såsom "domare", "åtal", "domstols", etc., som behövs för IELTS-provet.

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Words for Academic IELTS
barrister
barrister
[Substantiv]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

advokat, jurist

advokat, jurist

Ex: In the British legal system, barristers are distinguished from solicitors by their role as advocates who represent clients in court. 

I det brittiska rättssystemet särskiljs advokater från solicitors genom deras roll som försvarare som representerar klienter i domstol.

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to break
to break
[Verb]

to fail to obey the law

bryta mot, bryta

bryta mot, bryta

Ex: He broke the law by driving without a license. 
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defendant
defendant
[Substantiv]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

svarande, åtalad

svarande, åtalad

Ex: The defendant appeared in court with her attorney. 
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to judge
to judge
[Verb]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

döma, besluta

döma, besluta

Ex: Lawyers presented their arguments to convince the court to judge in their favor. 
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jury
jury
[Substantiv]

a group of people chosen to hear the evidence in a court case and reach a verdict

jury,  nämnd

jury, nämnd

Ex: After several hours of discussion, the jury reached a verdict. 
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law-abiding
law-abiding
[adjektiv]

being obedient to the law

laglydig, rättsinnig

laglydig, rättsinnig

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offender
offender
[Substantiv]

a person who commits a crime or other illegal act

förövare,  lagöverträdare

förövare, lagöverträdare

Ex: Police identified the offender using security camera footage. 
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solicitor
solicitor
[Substantiv]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

solicitor, juridisk rådgivare

solicitor, juridisk rådgivare

Ex: The solicitor prepared the documents for the property sale. 
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to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

åtal, anklaga

åtal, anklaga

Ex: The lawyer worked tirelessly to prosecute the case, hoping for a conviction. 

Advokaten arbetade outtröttligt för att åtala fallet, i hopp om en fällande dom.

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to charge
to charge
[Verb]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

åtal, anklaga

åtal, anklaga

Ex: Police charged him with assault. 
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trial
trial
[Substantiv]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

rättegång, förhör

rättegång, förhör

Ex: The trial lasted for several weeks as witnesses testified. 
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court
court
[Substantiv]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

domstol, rätt

domstol, rätt

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty. 
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to plead
to plead
[Verb]

to officially state in court whether one is guilty or not guilty of a criminal charge

förklara,  erkänna

förklara, erkänna

Ex: His lawyer advised him to plead guilty to the lesser charge. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[Verb]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

frikänna, förklara oskyldig

frikänna, förklara oskyldig

Ex: The legal team was actively acquitting individuals through advanced legal strategies. 

Det juridiska teamet frikände aktivt individer genom avancerade juridiska strategier.

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parole
parole
[Substantiv]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

villkorlig frigivning

villkorlig frigivning

Ex: Violating the terms of parole can result in the revocation of parole and the return to prison to serve the remainder of the original sentence. 

Att bryta mot villkoren för villkorlig frigivning kan resultera i att villkorlig frigivning återkallas och att man måste återvända till fängelset för att avtjäna resten av det ursprungliga straffet.

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to sentence

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

döma

döma

Ex: The judge sentenced him to five years in prison. 
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verdict
verdict
[Substantiv]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

Ex: The verdict surprised many people in the courtroom. 
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to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitera, återställa

rehabilitera, återställa

Ex: She rehabilitates patients with physical injuries through specialized exercises. 

Hon rehabiliterar patienter med fysiska skador genom specialiserade övningar.

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misdeed
misdeed
[Substantiv]

a wrongful or immoral act

missgärning, illdåd

missgärning, illdåd

Ex: The company fired him for his repeated misdeeds. 

Företaget sparkade honom för hans upprepade förseelser.

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retribution
retribution
[Substantiv]

correction imposed as repayment for wrongdoing

vedergällning, straff

vedergällning, straff

Ex: They demanded retribution for the harm caused by negligence. 

De krävde ersättning för den skada som orsakats av vårdslöshet.

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custodial
custodial
[adjektiv]

having custody of someone or connected with the legal right to look after them

vårdnad, relaterad till vårdnad

vårdnad, relaterad till vårdnad

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to fine
to fine
[Verb]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

bötfälla, pålägga en bot

bötfälla, pålägga en bot

Ex: The company was fined heavily for violating environmental regulations. 
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community service
community service
[Substantiv]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

samhällstjänst, volontärarbete

samhällstjänst, volontärarbete

Ex: The organization provides opportunities for individuals to engage in meaningful community service projects. 

Organisationen ger individer möjlighet att delta i meningsfulla samhällstjänst projekt.

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corporal punishment

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

kroppslig bestraffning, fysisk bestraffning

kroppslig bestraffning, fysisk bestraffning

Ex: Research has shown that corporal punishment can have negative long-term effects on a child's mental health and behavior. 

Forskning har visat att kroppslig bestraffning kan ha negativa långsiktiga effekter på ett barns psykiska hälsa och beteende.

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capital punishment
capital punishment
[Substantiv]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

dödsstraff, huvudstraff

dödsstraff, huvudstraff

Ex: Many human rights organizations advocate against the use of capital punishment. 

Många människorättsorganisationer förespråkar mot användningen av dödsstraff.

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deterrent
deterrent
[Substantiv]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

avskräckande, hinder

avskräckande, hinder

Ex: Public awareness campaigns can act as deterrents to risky behaviors. 

Medvetenhetskampanjer för allmänheten kan fungera som avskräckande för riskfyllda beteenden.

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lenient
lenient
[adjektiv]

(of a person) tolerant, flexible, or relaxed in enforcing rules or standards, often forgiving and understanding toward others

eftergiven, tolerant

eftergiven, tolerant

Ex: The lenient supervisor granted flexible work hours to employees who needed to balance personal responsibilities with their job duties. 

Den eftergivande handledaren beviljade flexibla arbetstider till anställda som behövde balansera personliga ansvarsområden med sina arbetsuppgifter.

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conviction
conviction
[Substantiv]

a court's formal judgment that someone is guilty of a crime

fällande dom

fällande dom

Ex: The conviction was overturned after new DNA evidence emerged. 
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judicial
judicial
[adjektiv]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

domstols

domstols

Ex: Legal disputes are resolved through the judicial process, which includes hearings, trials, and appeals. 

Rättsliga tvister löses genom den domstolsprocess som inkluderar förhandlingar, rättegångar och överklaganden.

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legislation
legislation
[Substantiv]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

lagstiftning, lag

lagstiftning, lag

Ex: The new legislation sets stricter safety standards for workplaces. 
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