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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS (Akademiko) - Batas

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa batas, tulad ng "hukom", "sakdal", "hudisyal", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit sa IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
barrister
barrister
[Pangngalan]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

abogado, manananggol

abogado, manananggol

Ex: The barrister specialized in family law, providing guidance and representation in divorce and custody cases. 

Ang barrister ay dalubhasa sa batas ng pamilya, na nagbibigay ng gabay at representasyon sa mga kaso ng diborsiyo at pag-aalaga.

to break
to break
[Pandiwa]

to fail to obey the law

lumabag, suwayin

lumabag, suwayin

Ex: Breaking copyright laws can lead to legal action against content creators. 
defendant
defendant
[Pangngalan]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

nasasakdal, akusado

nasasakdal, akusado

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial, maintaining innocence despite the prosecution's strong arguments. 
to judge
to judge
[Pandiwa]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

hukuman, magpasya

hukuman, magpasya

Ex: The jury will judge the defendant based on the evidence presented during the trial. 
jury
jury
[Pangngalan]

a group of people chosen to hear the evidence in a court case and reach a verdict

Ex: The jury found the defendant not guilty. 
law-abiding
law-abiding
[pang-uri]

being obedient to the law

sumusunod sa batas, masunurin sa batas

sumusunod sa batas, masunurin sa batas

offender
offender
[Pangngalan]

a person who commits a crime or other illegal act

maysala,  lumalabag

maysala, lumalabag

Ex: The offender was arrested shortly after the robbery. 
solicitor
solicitor
[Pangngalan]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

solicitor, abogadong tagapayo

solicitor, abogadong tagapayo

Ex: The solicitor explained the terms of the contract clearly. 
to prosecute
to prosecute
[Pandiwa]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

usigin, paratangin

usigin, paratangin

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 

Ang abogado ay inupahan upang usigin ang kaso sa ngalan ng pamilya ng biktima.

to charge
to charge
[Pandiwa]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

paratang, isakdal

paratang, isakdal

Ex: Right now, the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal. 
trial
trial
[Pangngalan]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

paglilitis, pagsubok

paglilitis, pagsubok

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements. 
court
court
[Pangngalan]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

hukuman, korte

hukuman, korte

Ex: The court deliberated for hours before reaching a verdict. 
to plead
to plead
[Pandiwa]

to officially state in court whether one is guilty or not guilty of a criminal charge

magpahayag,  umamin

magpahayag, umamin

Ex: Daniel pleaded not guilty to the charge. 
to acquit
to acquit
[Pandiwa]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

absuwelto, ideklarang walang kasalanan

absuwelto, ideklarang walang kasalanan

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 

Ang kumpanya ay inakusahan ng pagkakamali, ngunit pagkatapos ng isang masusing pagsisiyasat, sila ay hinatulan ng pagkawalang-sala sa anumang ilegal na mga gawain.

parole
parole
[Pangngalan]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

parole

parole

Ex: After serving half of his sentence in prison, the inmate was eligible for parole, subject to certain conditions and supervision. 

Matapos maglingkod ng kalahati ng kanyang sentensya sa bilangguan, ang bilanggo ay karapat-dapat sa parole, na sakop ng ilang mga kondisyon at pangangasiwa.

to sentence
to sentence
[Pandiwa]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

hatulan

hatulan

Ex: After the trial, the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer. 
verdict
verdict
[Pangngalan]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

Ex: The jury returned a guilty verdict. 
to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitasyon, pagpapagaling

rehabilitasyon, pagpapagaling

Ex: The program aimed to rehabilitate individuals with substance abuse issues, providing support for a drug-free life. 

Ang programa ay naglalayong rehabilitahin ang mga indibidwal na may mga isyu sa pag-abuso sa substansiya, na nagbibigay ng suporta para sa isang buhay na walang droga.

misdeed
misdeed
[Pangngalan]

a wrongful or immoral act

kasalanan, masamang gawa

kasalanan, masamang gawa

Ex: The judge sentenced him for his misdeeds against the community. 

Hinatulan siya ng hukom dahil sa kanyang mga kasalanan laban sa komunidad.

retribution
retribution
[Pangngalan]

correction imposed as repayment for wrongdoing

parusa, gantimpala

parusa, gantimpala

Ex: The community sought retribution through justice, not violence. 

Ang komunidad ay naghangad ng paghihiganti sa pamamagitan ng katarungan, hindi karahasan.

custodial
custodial
[pang-uri]

having custody of someone or connected with the legal right to look after them

pangalagaan, may kinalaman sa pag-aalaga

pangalagaan, may kinalaman sa pag-aalaga

to fine
to fine
[Pandiwa]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

multahan, patawan ng multa

multahan, patawan ng multa

Ex: The judge fined the defendant for contempt of court during the trial. 
community service
community service
[Pangngalan]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

serbisyo sa komunidad, boluntaryong trabaho

serbisyo sa komunidad, boluntaryong trabaho

Ex: After being convicted of vandalism, he was sentenced to 100 hours of community service. 

Matapos mahatulan ng vandalismo, siya ay hinatulan ng 100 oras na serbisyong pangkomunidad.

corporal punishment

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

parusang pangkatawan, parusang pisikal

parusang pangkatawan, parusang pisikal

Ex: Corporal punishment, such as spanking or paddling, is a controversial method of disciplining children. 

Ang parusang pangkatawan, tulad ng pagpalo o paghampas, ay isang kontrobersyal na paraan ng pagdidisiplina sa mga bata.

capital punishment
capital punishment
[Pangngalan]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

parusang kamatayan, parusang capital

parusang kamatayan, parusang capital

Ex: The debate over capital punishment continues to be a contentious issue in many countries. 

Ang debate tungkol sa parusang kamatayan ay patuloy na isang kontrobersyal na isyu sa maraming bansa.

deterrent
deterrent
[Pangngalan]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

pampigil, hadlang

pampigil, hadlang

Ex: Increased security measures serve as a deterrent to potential thieves. 

Ang mga nadagdagan na hakbang sa seguridad ay nagsisilbing hadlang sa mga potensyal na magnanakaw.

lenient
lenient
[pang-uri]

(of a person) tolerant, flexible, or relaxed in enforcing rules or standards, often forgiving and understanding toward others

mapagbigay, malambot

mapagbigay, malambot

Ex: The lenient teacher allowed students extra time to complete assignments if they had valid reasons for delays. 

Ang mapagparaya na guro ay nagbigay ng karagdagang oras sa mga estudyante upang makumpleto ang mga takdang-aralin kung mayroon silang wastong mga dahilan para sa pagkaantala.

conviction
conviction
[Pangngalan]

a court's formal judgment that someone is guilty of a crime

kondena

kondena

Ex: The prosecutor secured a conviction after presenting the new evidence. 
judicial
judicial
[pang-uri]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

panghukuman

panghukuman

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 

Ang sangay na hudisyal ng pamahalaan ang nangangasiwa sa interpretasyon at aplikasyon ng mga batas sa pamamagitan ng mga korte at hukom.

legislation
legislation
[Pangngalan]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

batas, legislasyon

batas, legislasyon

Ex: The legislation banning single-use plastics will take effect next year. 
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