pattern

Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Langues et Grammaire

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la langue et la grammaire, tels que "étymologie", "genre", "allusion", etc., nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

Réviser

Flashcards

Orthographe

Quiz

Commencer à apprendre
Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
etymology

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

étymologie

étymologie

Ex: Studying etymology helps understand how languages evolve and borrow from each other. 

L'étude de l'étymologie aide à comprendre comment les langues évoluent et empruntent les unes aux autres.

phonetics

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

phonétique

phonétique

Ex: A phonetics researcher analyzes speech sounds using techniques such as spectrograms and acoustic analysis to understand their properties and patterns. 
linguistics

the study of the evolution and structure of language in general or of certain languages

linguistique

linguistique

declension

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

déclinaison

déclinaison

Ex: Studying the declension patterns of Russian nouns can be challenging for language learners due to the extensive variations in endings. 

Étudier les modèles de déclinaison des noms russes peut être difficile pour les apprenants en langue en raison des variations importantes des terminaisons.

to conjugate

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

conjuguer

conjuguer

Ex: The linguistics professor explained how different languages conjugate verbs differently based on their grammatical structures. 

Le professeur de linguistique a expliqué comment différentes langues conjuguent les verbes différemment en fonction de leurs structures grammaticales.

gender
gender
[nom]

a grammatical category that groups words as masculine, feminine, neuter, or another class

genre

genre

Ex: Emma often has trouble remembering the gender of German nouns. 
subjunctive
subjunctive
[Adjectif]

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

subjonctif

subjonctif

Ex: Understanding when to use the subjunctive mood in language is important for conveying nuances of meaning and expressing certain attitudes or beliefs. 

Comprendre quand utiliser le mode subjonctif dans une langue est important pour transmettre des nuances de sens et exprimer certaines attitudes ou croyances.

prefix
prefix
[nom]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

préfixe

préfixe

Ex: In the vocabulary lesson, they focused on how prefixes can alter the meanings of root words. 

Dans la leçon de vocabulaire, ils se sont concentrés sur la façon dont les préfixes peuvent modifier les significations des mots racines.

suffix
suffix
[nom]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

suffixe

suffixe

Ex: Understanding how suffixes modify words is essential for expanding vocabulary and improving writing skills. 

Comprendre comment les suffixes modifient les mots est essentiel pour enrichir le vocabulaire et améliorer les compétences en écriture.

adjectival
adjectival
[Adjectif]

(grammar) connected with or functioning as an adjective

adjectif

adjectif

Ex: Some languages use adjectival endings to indicate gender or number. 

Certaines langues utilisent des terminaisons adjectivales pour indiquer le genre ou le nombre.

adverbial
adverbial
[Adjectif]

connected with or functioning as an adverb

adverbial

adverbial

jargon
jargon
[nom]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

jargon

jargon

Ex: Legal jargon, including terms like 'habeas corpus,' 'amicus curiae,' and 'subpoena,' can be difficult for non-lawyers to understand. 

Le jargon juridique, y compris des termes comme 'habeas corpus', 'amicus curiae' et 'subpoena', peut être difficile à comprendre pour les non-juristes.

sarcasm
sarcasm
[nom]

the use of words that convey the opposite meaning as a way to annoy someone or for creating a humorous effect

sarcasme, raillerie

sarcasme, raillerie

Ex: When he said, "Oh, great, another Monday," his sarcasm was clear to everyone in the office. 

Quand il a dit : "Oh, super, encore un lundi", son sarcasme était clair pour tout le monde au bureau.

allusion

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

allusion

allusion

Ex: The novel's title, "Brave New World," is an allusion to Shakespeare's "The Tempest," suggesting themes of exploration and discovery. 

Le titre du roman, "Le Meilleur des mondes", est une allusion à "La Tempête" de Shakespeare, suggérant des thèmes d'exploration et de découverte.

analogy
analogy
[nom]

a comparison between two different things, done to explain the similarities between them

analogie

analogie

Ex: He drew an analogy between running a marathon and pursuing a long-term goal, emphasizing the importance of endurance and perseverance. 

Il a établi une analogie entre courir un marathon et poursuivre un objectif à long terme, soulignant l'importance de l'endurance et de la persévérance.

alliteration

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

allitération

allitération

Ex: Alliteration adds a rhythmic quality to speeches and poetry. 

Allitération ajoute une qualité rythmique aux discours et à la poésie.

to articulate

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

bien s'exprimer, exprimer

bien s'exprimer, exprimer

Ex: The news anchor was trained to articulate news reports with accuracy and precision. 
affirmative
affirmative
[Adjectif]

(grammar) expressing or indicating a positive statement or response

affirmatif

affirmatif

Ex: Grammar exercises distinguish between affirmative and negative forms. 

Les exercices de grammaire distinguent entre les formes affirmative et négative.

euphemism

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

euphémisme

euphémisme

Ex: To avoid upsetting the children, she employed a euphemism, saying their pet rabbit had "gone to a farm" instead of mentioning its death. 

Pour éviter de contrarier les enfants, elle a employé un euphémisme, disant que leur lapin de compagnie était "parti à la ferme" au lieu de mentionner sa mort.

irony
irony
[nom]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironie

ironie

Ex: She used irony to criticize the absurdity of the situation. 
paradox
paradox
[nom]

a logically contradictory statement that might actually be true

paradoxe

paradoxe

Ex: The concept of time travel poses a paradox, as it raises questions about causality and the possibility of changing the past. 

Le concept de voyage dans le temps pose un paradoxe, car il soulève des questions sur la causalité et la possibilité de changer le passé.

hyperbole

a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something

hyperbole

hyperbole

Ex: When she said she was so hungry she could eat an elephant, it was clear she was using hyperbole. 

Quand elle a dit qu'elle avait tellement faim qu'elle pourrait manger un éléphant, il était clair qu'elle utilisait une hyperbole.

pun
pun
[nom]

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

jeu de mots, calembour

jeu de mots, calembour

Ex: The comedian is known for his use of pun in his stand-up routine. 

Le comédien est connu pour son utilisation de jeu de mots dans son spectacle.

rhetorical
rhetorical
[Adjectif]

connected with the art of writing or speaking in an effective or persuasive way

rhétorique

rhétorique

Ex: The politician employed rhetorical strategies to sway public opinion on the issue. 

Le politicien a employé des stratégies rhétoriques pour influencer l'opinion publique sur la question.

satire
satire
[nom]

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

satire

satire

Ex: Swift's satire of British policies in "A Modest Proposal" is still studied today. 

La satire des politiques britanniques de Swift dans "Une Modeste Proposition" est encore étudiée aujourd'hui.

tautology

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologie

tautologie

Ex: Many beginners in writing often make the mistake of using tautologies without realizing it. 

De nombreux débutants en écriture font souvent l'erreur d'utiliser des tautologies sans s'en rendre compte.

idiolect

(linguistics) the speech pattern that an individual uses at a particular period of life

idiolecte

idiolecte

asterisk

the symbol * used in writing or printing to show that there is more information about something in the footnote or as an indication of importance or omission

astérisque

astérisque

to punctuate

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

ponctuer

ponctuer

Ex: The teacher reminded the students to punctuate their dialogue with quotation marks to indicate when a character is speaking. 

Le professeur a rappelé aux élèves de ponctuer leur dialogue avec des guillemets pour indiquer quand un personnage parle.

phoneme
phoneme
[nom]

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

phonème

phonème

Ex: For example, in English, the phonemes /p/ and /b/ are distinct because they can change the meaning of words like "pat" and "bat." 

Par exemple, en anglais, les phonèmes /p/ et /b/ sont distincts car ils peuvent changer le sens des mots comme "pat" et "bat".

semantics

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

sémantique

sémantique

Ex: Understanding semantics is essential for interpreting the nuances and subtleties in different contexts. 

Comprendre la sémantique est essentiel pour interpréter les nuances et les subtilités dans différents contextes.

syntax
syntax
[nom]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

syntaxe

syntaxe

Ex: Understanding the syntax of a language is crucial for constructing grammatically correct and meaningful sentences. 

Comprendre la syntaxe d'une langue est crucial pour construire des phrases grammaticalement correctes et significatives.

mood
mood
[nom]

(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way

mode

mode

Ex: Some languages use a special mood to express wishes. 
lexis
lexis
[nom]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

vocabulaire

vocabulaire

lexicon
lexicon
[nom]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

annales, lexique

annales, lexique

Ex: Linguists analyze the lexicon of a language to understand its vocabulary and the relationships between words. 

Les linguistes analysent le lexique d'une langue pour comprendre son vocabulaire et les relations entre les mots.

homophone

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

homophone

homophone

Ex: When writing poetry, some poets cleverly use homophones to add layers of meaning to their verses. 

Lors de l'écriture de poésie, certains poètes utilisent habilement des homophones pour ajouter des couches de sens à leurs vers.

homonym
homonym
[nom]

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

homonyme

homonyme

Ex: The homonym "row" can mean both a line of things and an argument. 

L'homonyme "row" peut signifier à la fois une ligne de choses et une dispute.

LanGeek
Télécharger l'application LanGeek