المفردات المتقدمة للاختبار TOEFL - اللغة والقواعد

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

the study of the evolution and structure of language in general or of certain languages

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

a grammatical category that groups words as masculine, feminine, neuter, or another class

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

(grammar) connected with or functioning as an adjective

connected with or functioning as an adverb

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

the use of words that convey the opposite meaning as a way to annoy someone or for creating a humorous effect

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

a comparison between two different things, done to explain the similarities between them

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

(grammar) expressing or indicating a positive statement or response

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

a logically contradictory statement that might actually be true

a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

connected with the art of writing or speaking in an effective or persuasive way

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

(linguistics) the speech pattern that an individual uses at a particular period of life

the symbol * used in writing or printing to show that there is more information about something in the footnote or as an indication of importance or omission

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin