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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Jazyk a gramatika
Zde se naučíte některá anglická slovíčka o jazyce a gramatice, jako je „etymologie“, „gender“, „aluze“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.
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the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings
etymologie, původ slov
the science and study of speech sounds and their production
fonetika, fonologie
(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender
skloňování, deklinace
(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.
konjugovat, skloňovat
(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter
rod, pohlaví
(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt
subjunktivní, subjunktiv
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
předpona, předložka
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
přípona, koncovka
(grammar) connected with or functioning as an adjective
přídavný, adjektivní
words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others
žargon, termínová syntaxe
the use of words that convey the opposite meaning as a way to annoy someone or for creating a humorous effect
sarkasmus, ironie
a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device
narážka, aluze
a comparison between two different things, done to explain the similarities between them
analogie, podobnost
the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device
aliterace, aliterativní figura
to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way
artikulovat, vyslovit
a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite
eufemismus, zdvořilostní výraz
a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect
ironie, opozice
a logically contradictory statement that might actually be true
paradox, rozpor
a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something
hyperbola, nadsázka
a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has
hříčka, kal ambiguita
connected with the art of writing or speaking in an effective or persuasive way
rhetorický, řečnický
humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.
satira, ironizace
the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase
Tautologie, Tautologická obrat
to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable
interpunkčně upravit, používat interpunkci
the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation
foném, hláska
(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth
sémantika, významově
(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language
syntaktika, syntax
the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses
lexikon, slovník
(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin
homofon, homofony
each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin
homonym, homoonym
