the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings
词源学
研究词源学有助于理解语言如何演变并相互借用。
the science and study of speech sounds and their production
语音学
the study of the evolution and structure of language in general or of certain languages
语言学, 语言科学
(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender
变格, 名词变格
学习俄语名词的变格模式对语言学习者来说可能具有挑战性，因为词尾的变化非常广泛。
(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.
变位
在西班牙语课上，我们学习了如何在现在时态中变位规则动词。
a grammatical category that groups words as masculine, feminine, neuter, or another class
性, 语法性别
(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt
虚拟的, 与虚拟语气有关的
理解何时在语言中使用虚拟语气对于传达意义的细微差别和表达某些态度或信念很重要。
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
前缀
在词汇课上，他们专注于前缀如何改变词根的含义。
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
后缀, 词尾
理解后缀如何改变单词对于扩大词汇量和提高写作技巧至关重要。
(grammar) connected with or functioning as an adjective
形容词的, 形容词
一些语言使用形容词性词尾来表示性别或数量。
words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others
行话, 专业术语
法律术语，包括诸如'人身保护令'、'法庭之友'和'传票'之类的术语，对于非律师来说可能难以理解。
the use of words that convey the opposite meaning as a way to annoy someone or for creating a humorous effect
讽刺, 挖苦
当他说：“哦，太好了，又一个星期一”时，他的讽刺对办公室里的每个人来说都很明显。
a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device
暗示, 提及
小说的标题《美丽新世界》是对莎士比亚《暴风雨》的暗示，暗示了探索和发现的主题。
a comparison between two different things, done to explain the similarities between them
类比
the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device
头韵
头韵为演讲和诗歌增添了节奏感。
to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way
清晰地发音, 明确表达
(grammar) expressing or indicating a positive statement or response
肯定的, 积极的
语法练习区分肯定形式和否定形式。
a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite
委婉语, 婉转的表达
为了避免让孩子们难过，她使用了一个委婉语，说他们的宠物兔子“去了农场”，而不是提到它的死亡。
a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect
讽刺
她用反语来批评这种情况的荒谬。
a logically contradictory statement that might actually be true
悖论, 逻辑矛盾
时间旅行的概念提出了一个悖论，因为它引发了关于因果关系和改变过去的可能性的问题。
a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something
夸张, 夸大
当她说她饿得可以吃下一头大象时，很明显她在使用夸张法。
a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has
双关语, 俏皮话
这位喜剧演员以在他的单口相声中使用双关语而闻名。
connected with the art of writing or speaking in an effective or persuasive way
修辞的, 雄辩的
这位政治家运用修辞策略来影响公众对这一问题的看法。
humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.
讽刺, 讥讽
斯威夫特在《一个小小的建议》中对英国政策的讽刺至今仍被研究。
the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase
同义反复, 冗余
许多写作初学者经常在不知不觉中犯下使用同义反复的错误。
(linguistics) the speech pattern that an individual uses at a particular period of life
个人方言, 个人言语模式
the symbol * used in writing or printing to show that there is more information about something in the footnote or as an indication of importance or omission
星号, 星标
to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable
加标点
老师提醒学生们用引号标点他们的对话，以表明角色在说话。
the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation
音位, 音素
例如，在英语中，音素 /p/ 和 /b/ 是不同的，因为它们可以改变像“pat”和“bat”这样的单词的意思。
(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth
语义学
理解语义学对于解释不同语境中的细微差别和微妙之处至关重要。
(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language
句法, 语法结构
理解语言的句法对于构建语法正确且有意义的句子至关重要。
(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way
语气, 式
the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses
词汇, 词典
语言学家分析一种语言的词汇，以理解其词汇及单词之间的关系。
