托福高级词汇 - 语言和语法

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

词源

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

音位学

the study of the evolution and structure of language in general or of certain languages

语言学

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

词尾变化

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

变位

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

性别

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

虚拟语气

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

前缀

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

后缀

(grammar) connected with or functioning as an adjective

形容词的

connected with or functioning as an adverb

副词的

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

行话

the practice of uttering words that convey the opposite meaning as a way to annoy someone or for creating a humorous effect

讽刺

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

暗示

a comparison between two different things, done to explain the similarities between them

类比

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

头韵

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

清晰地表达

conveying or expressing a positive reply

肯定的

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

委婉语

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

讽刺

a logically contradictory statement that might actually be true

悖论

a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something

夸张

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

双关语

connected with the art of writing or speaking in an effective or persuasive way

修辞的

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

讽刺

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

同义反复

(linguistics) the speech pattern that an individual uses at a particular period of life

个体语音

the symbol * used in writing or printing to show that there is more information about something in the footnote or as an indication of importance or omission

星号

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

加标点

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

音位

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

语义学

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

句法

(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way

语气

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

词汇

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

词汇表

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

同音词

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

同音异义词