托福高级词汇 - 语言和语法

在这里,您将学习一些关于语言和语法的英语单词,例如“词源”、“性别”、“暗示”等,这些都是托福考试所需要的。

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托福高级词汇
etymology [名词]
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词源学

Ex: Studying etymology helps understand how languages evolve and borrow from each other .

研究词源学有助于理解语言如何演变并相互借用。

phonetics [名词]
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语音学

Ex: A phonetics researcher analyzes speech sounds using techniques such as spectrograms and acoustic analysis to understand their properties and patterns .

一位语音学研究人员使用诸如频谱图和声学分析等技术来分析语音,以了解其属性和模式。

declension [名词]
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变格

Ex: Studying the declension patterns of Russian nouns can be challenging for language learners due to the extensive variations in endings .

学习俄语名词的变格模式对语言学习者来说可能具有挑战性,因为词尾的变化非常广泛。

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变位

Ex:

语言学教授解释了不同语言如何根据其语法结构以不同方式变位动词。

gender [名词]
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性别

Ex: German is unique in that it also includes a neuter gender , in addition to masculine and feminine , for classifying nouns .

德语独特之处在于除了阳性和阴性外,还包括中性性别来分类名词。

subjunctive [形容词]
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虚拟的

Ex:

理解何时在语言中使用虚拟语气对于传达意义的细微差别和表达某些态度或信念很重要。

prefix [名词]
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前缀

Ex: In the vocabulary lesson , they focused on how prefixes can alter the meanings of root words .

在词汇课上,他们重点讨论了前缀如何改变词根的含义。

suffix [名词]
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后缀

Ex: Understanding how suffixes modify words is essential for expanding vocabulary and improving writing skills .

理解后缀如何改变单词对于扩大词汇量和提高写作技巧至关重要。

adjectival [形容词]
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形容词的

Ex:

一些语言使用形容词性词尾来表示性别或数量。

jargon [名词]
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行话

Ex: Legal jargon , including terms like ' habeas corpus , ' ' amicus curiae , ' and ' subpoena , ' can be difficult for non-lawyers to understand .

法律术语,包括诸如'人身保护令'、'法庭之友'和'传票'之类的术语,对于非律师来说可能难以理解。

sarcasm [名词]
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讽刺

Ex: When he said , " Oh , great , another Monday , " his sarcasm was clear to everyone in the office .

当他说:“哦,太好了,又一个星期一”时,他的讽刺对办公室里的每个人来说都很明显。

allusion [名词]
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暗示

Ex: The novel 's title , " Brave New World , " is an allusion to Shakespeare 's " The Tempest , " suggesting themes of exploration and discovery .

小说的标题《美丽新世界》是对莎士比亚《暴风雨》的暗示,暗示了探索和发现的主题。

analogy [名词]
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类比

Ex: He drew an analogy between running a marathon and pursuing a long-term goal , emphasizing the importance of endurance and perseverance .

他在跑马拉松和追求长期目标之间画了一个类比,强调了耐力和毅力的重要性。

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头韵

Ex:

头韵为演讲和诗歌增添了节奏感。

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清晰地发音

Ex: The actor had to articulate each line of the script perfectly to convey the character 's emotions .

演员必须完美地表达剧本的每一行,以传达角色的情感。

affirmative [形容词]
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(grammar) expressing or indicating a positive statement or response

Ex: Grammar exercises distinguish between affirmative and negative forms .
euphemism [名词]
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委婉语

Ex: To avoid upsetting the children , she employed a euphemism , saying their pet rabbit had " gone to a farm " instead of mentioning its death .

为了避免让孩子们难过,她使用了一个委婉语,说他们的宠物兔子“去了农场”,而不是提到它的死亡。

irony [名词]
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讽刺

Ex: She used irony to criticize the absurdity of the situation .

她用反语来批评这种情况的荒谬。

paradox [名词]
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悖论

Ex: The concept of time travel poses a paradox , as it raises questions about causality and the possibility of changing the past .

时间旅行的概念提出了一个悖论,因为它引发了关于因果关系和改变过去的可能性的问题。

hyperbole [名词]
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夸张

Ex: When she said she was so hungry she could eat an elephant , it was clear she was using hyperbole .

当她说她饿得可以吃下一头大象时,很明显她在使用夸张法

pun [名词]
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双关语

Ex: The comedian is known for his use of pun in his stand-up routine .

这位喜剧演员以在他的单口相声中使用双关语而闻名。

rhetorical [形容词]
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修辞的

Ex: The politician employed rhetorical strategies to sway public opinion on the issue .

这位政治家运用修辞策略来影响公众对这一问题的看法。

satire [名词]
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讽刺

Ex: Swift 's satire of British policies in " A Modest Proposal " is still studied today .

斯威夫特在《一个小小的建议》中对英国政策的讽刺至今仍被研究。

tautology [名词]
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同义反复

Ex: Many beginners in writing often make the mistake of using tautologies without realizing it .

许多写作初学者经常在不知不觉中犯下使用同义反复的错误。

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加标点

Ex: The teacher reminded the students to punctuate their dialogue with quotation marks to indicate when a character is speaking .

老师提醒学生们用引号标点他们的对话,以表明角色在说话。

phoneme [名词]
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音位

Ex: For example , in English , the phonemes /p/ and /b/ are distinct because they can change the meaning of words like " pat " and " bat . "

例如,在英语中,音素 /p/ 和 /b/ 是不同的,因为它们可以改变像“pat”和“bat”这样的单词的意思。

semantics [名词]
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语义学

Ex: Understanding semantics is essential for interpreting the nuances and subtleties in different contexts .

理解语义学对于解释不同语境中的细微差别和微妙之处至关重要。

syntax [名词]
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句法

Ex: Understanding the syntax of a language is crucial for constructing grammatically correct and meaningful sentences .

理解语言的句法对于构建语法正确且有意义的句子至关重要。

lexicon [名词]
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词汇

Ex: Linguists analyze the lexicon of a language to understand its vocabulary and the relationships between words .

语言学家分析一种语言的词汇,以理解其词汇及单词之间的关系。

homophone [名词]
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同音异义词

Ex: When writing poetry , some poets cleverly use homophones to add layers of meaning to their verses .

写诗时,一些诗人巧妙地使用同音异义词来为他们的诗句增添层次的含义。

homonym [名词]
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同形异义词

Ex: The homonym " row " can mean both a line of things and an argument .

同形异义词 "row" 既可以表示一行东西,也可以表示一场争论。