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Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Bahasa dan Tata Bahasa

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang bahasa dan tata bahasa, seperti "etimologi", "gender", "kiasan", dll. yang diperlukan untuk ujian TOEFL.

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Mulai belajar
Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
etymology
etymology
[Kata benda]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etimologi

etimologi

Ex: The dictionary includes information on the etymology of words to provide linguistic context. 

Kamus mencakup informasi tentang etimologi kata untuk memberikan konteks linguistik.

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phonetics
phonetics
[Kata benda]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetik

fonetik

Ex: The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation used to represent the sounds of spoken language in a standardized way. 
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linguistics
linguistics
[Kata benda]

the study of the evolution and structure of language in general or of certain languages

linguistik, ilmu bahasa

linguistik, ilmu bahasa

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declension
declension
[Kata benda]

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

deklinasi, perubahan bentuk kata benda

deklinasi, perubahan bentuk kata benda

Ex: In Latin, nouns and adjectives undergo various changes in form called declensions based on their role in a sentence." 

Dalam bahasa Latin, kata benda dan kata sifat mengalami berbagai perubahan bentuk yang disebut deklinasi berdasarkan perannya dalam kalimat.

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to conjugate
to conjugate
[kata kerja]

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

mengkonjugasi

mengkonjugasi

Ex: In Spanish class, we learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense. 

Di kelas bahasa Spanyol, kami belajar cara mengkonjugasikan kata kerja beraturan dalam bentuk present tense.

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gender
gender
[Kata benda]

a grammatical category that groups words as masculine, feminine, neuter, or another class

gender,  jenis kelamin gramatikal

gender, jenis kelamin gramatikal

Ex: In French, the adjective changes according to the noun's gender. 
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subjunctive
subjunctive
[Adjektiva]

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

subjungtif, dari subjungtif

subjungtif, dari subjungtif

Ex: In grammar, the subjunctive mood is used to express hypothetical situations, wishes, or possibilities, such as 'If I were rich, I would travel the world. 

Dalam tata bahasa, suasana subjungtif digunakan untuk mengungkapkan situasi hipotetis, keinginan, atau kemungkinan, seperti 'Jika saya kaya, saya akan berkeliling dunia.'

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prefix
prefix
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

awalan

awalan

Ex: Understanding common prefixes, such as 'pre-' and 'dis-,' can help students decode unfamiliar words. 

Memahami prefiks umum, seperti 'pre-' dan 'dis-', dapat membantu siswa mendekode kata-kata yang tidak dikenal.

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suffix
suffix
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

akhiran, sufiks

akhiran, sufiks

Ex: Adding the suffix '-ly' to 'quick' changes the word to 'quickly,' turning it into an adverb. 

Menambahkan akhiran '-ly' ke 'quick' mengubah kata menjadi 'quickly,' menjadikannya kata keterangan.

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adjectival
adjectival
[Adjektiva]

(grammar) connected with or functioning as an adjective

kata sifat, adjektiva

kata sifat, adjektiva

Ex: Adjectival phrases can include more than one word, such as "full of hope." 

Frasa adjektival dapat mencakup lebih dari satu kata, seperti "penuh harapan".

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adverbial
adverbial
[Adjektiva]

connected with or functioning as an adverb

adverbial, berhubungan dengan adverbia

adverbial, berhubungan dengan adverbia

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jargon
jargon
[Kata benda]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

jargon, bahasa khusus

jargon, bahasa khusus

Ex: In the tech industry, jargon like 'API,' 'frontend,' and 'backend' is commonly used among developers but may be unclear to those without technical knowledge. 

Di industri teknologi, jargon seperti 'API', 'frontend', dan 'backend' umum digunakan di kalangan pengembang tetapi mungkin tidak jelas bagi mereka yang tidak memiliki pengetahuan teknis.

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sarcasm
sarcasm
[Kata benda]

the use of words that convey the opposite meaning as a way to annoy someone or for creating a humorous effect

sarkasme, ironi

sarkasme, ironi

Ex: His sarcastic remark about the team’s performance earned him a few disapproving glances. 

Ucapan sarkastiknya tentang kinerja tim membuatnya mendapatkan beberapa pandangan tidak setuju.

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allusion
allusion
[Kata benda]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

kiasan, referensi

kiasan, referensi

Ex: In his speech, he made an allusion to the Trojan War, drawing a parallel between their struggle and that of ancient heroes. 

Dalam pidatonya, dia membuat kiasan tentang Perang Troya, menggambar paralel antara perjuangan mereka dan para pahlawan kuno.

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analogy
analogy
[Kata benda]

a comparison between two different things, done to explain the similarities between them

analogi

analogi

Ex: She used an analogy to explain how a computer works like a brain. 
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alliteration
alliteration
[Kata benda]

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

aliterasi

aliterasi

Ex: Alliteration is a common feature in tongue twisters. 

Aliterasi adalah fitur umum dalam permainan kata.

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to articulate
to articulate
[kata kerja]

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

mengucapkan dengan jelas, menyampaikan dengan jelas

mengucapkan dengan jelas, menyampaikan dengan jelas

Ex: It's important for public speakers to articulate their words effectively to engage the audience. 
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affirmative
affirmative
[Adjektiva]

(grammar) expressing or indicating a positive statement or response

afirmatif, positif

afirmatif, positif

Ex: The student's reply was grammatically affirmative. 

Jawaban siswa itu secara tata bahasa afirmatif.

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euphemism
euphemism
[Kata benda]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemisme, ungkapan halus

eufemisme, ungkapan halus

Ex: The phrase 'passed away' is a common euphemism for 'died,' used to soften the harsh reality of death. 

Frasa 'passed away' adalah sebuah eufemisme umum untuk 'died', digunakan untuk melunakkan kenyataan keras dari kematian.

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irony
irony
[Kata benda]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironi

ironi

Ex: His speech was filled with irony, making fun of the company’s so-called "success." 

Pidatonya penuh dengan ironi, mengolok-olok 'kesuksesan' yang disebut-sebut perusahaan.

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paradox
paradox
[Kata benda]

a logically contradictory statement that might actually be true

paradoks, kontradiksi logis

paradoks, kontradiksi logis

Ex: It’s a paradox that standing is more tiring than walking, even though walking requires more movement. 

Ini adalah paradoks bahwa berdiri lebih melelahkan daripada berjalan, meskipun berjalan membutuhkan lebih banyak gerakan.

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hyperbole
hyperbole
[Kata benda]

a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something

hiperbola, berlebihan

hiperbola, berlebihan

Ex: The comedian's routine was full of hyperbole, exaggerating everyday situations to absurd proportions for comedic effect. 

Rutin komedian itu penuh dengan hiperbola, melebih-lebihkan situasi sehari-hari ke proporsi yang absurd untuk efek komedi.

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pun
pun
[Kata benda]

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

permainan kata, pun

permainan kata, pun

Ex: "I used to be a baker, but I couldn't make enough dough," is a classic pun. 

« Saya dulu seorang tukang roti, tapi tidak bisa menghasilkan adonan yang cukup », adalah permainan kata klasik.

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rhetorical
rhetorical
[Adjektiva]

connected with the art of writing or speaking in an effective or persuasive way

retoris, oratoris

retoris, oratoris

Ex: The advertisement used rhetorical questions to engage viewers and prompt them to think. 

Iklan tersebut menggunakan pertanyaan retoris untuk melibatkan pemirsa dan mendorong mereka untuk berpikir.

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satire
satire
[Kata benda]

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

satir, ironi

satir, ironi

Ex: The cartoonist's satire of political leaders sparked public debate. 

Satir kartunis terhadap pemimpin politik memicu perdebatan publik.

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tautology
tautology
[Kata benda]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologi, pengulangan yang tidak perlu

tautologi, pengulangan yang tidak perlu

Ex: In linguistics, a tautology is the redundant repetition of an idea, where the same concept is expressed multiple times in different words. 

Dalam linguistik, tautologi adalah pengulangan yang berlebihan dari suatu ide, di mana konsep yang sama diungkapkan beberapa kali dengan kata-kata yang berbeda.

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idiolect
idiolect
[Kata benda]

(linguistics) the speech pattern that an individual uses at a particular period of life

idiolek, pola bicara individu

idiolek, pola bicara individu

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asterisk
asterisk
[Kata benda]

the symbol * used in writing or printing to show that there is more information about something in the footnote or as an indication of importance or omission

tanda bintang, asterisk

tanda bintang, asterisk

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to punctuate
to punctuate
[kata kerja]

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

memberi tanda baca

memberi tanda baca

Ex: To avoid run-on sentences, you should punctuate with periods, commas, and semicolons where appropriate. 

Untuk menghindari kalimat yang berlarut-larut, Anda harus memberi tanda baca dengan titik, koma, dan titik koma di tempat yang sesuai.

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phoneme
phoneme
[Kata benda]

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonem, unit bunyi

fonem, unit bunyi

Ex: Phonemes are abstract units that are realized as various allophones in different phonetic contexts. 

Fonem adalah unit abstrak yang direalisasikan sebagai berbagai alofon dalam konteks fonetik yang berbeda.

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semantics
semantics
[Kata benda]

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

semantik

semantik

Ex: The semantic analysis of a sentence can reveal the underlying intentions and implications of the speaker. 

Analisis semantik dari sebuah kalimat dapat mengungkapkan niat dan implikasi yang mendasari pembicara.

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syntax
syntax
[Kata benda]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

sintaksis, struktur gramatikal

sintaksis, struktur gramatikal

Ex: Linguists study syntax to uncover the underlying principles that dictate how different languages form sentences. 

Ahli bahasa mempelajari sintaksis untuk mengungkap prinsip-prinsip mendasar yang menentukan bagaimana berbagai bahasa membentuk kalimat.

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mood
mood
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way

modus, cara

modus, cara

Ex: The verb changes form according to tense and mood. 
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lexis
lexis
[Kata benda]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

leksikon, kosakata

leksikon, kosakata

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lexicon
lexicon
[Kata benda]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

leksikon, kosakata

leksikon, kosakata

Ex: A specialized lexicon is essential in technical fields like medicine or law, where precise terminology is crucial. 

Sebuah leksikon khusus sangat penting dalam bidang teknis seperti kedokteran atau hukum, di mana terminologi yang tepat sangat penting.

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homophone
homophone
[Kata benda]

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

homofon, kata homofon

homofon, kata homofon

Ex: Mistaking homophones like "bare" and "bear" can lead to amusing misunderstandings in conversation. 

Mengacaukan homofon seperti "bare" dan "bear" dapat menyebabkan kesalahpahaman yang lucu dalam percakapan.

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homonym
homonym
[Kata benda]

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

homonym, homofon

homonym, homofon

Ex: "Bank" is a homonym because it can mean both a financial institution and the side of a river. 

Homonym adalah istilah yang dapat berarti baik lembaga keuangan maupun tepi sungai.

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