Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Bahasa dan Tata Bahasa

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etimologi

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetika

the study of the evolution and structure of language in general or of certain languages

linguistik

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

deklinasi, deklinasi gramatikal

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

mengkonjugasi, konjugasi

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

gender, kelas kata

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

subjunkstif, bentuk subjunctive

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

awalan

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

akhiran, sufiks

(grammar) connected with or functioning as an adjective

sifatnya, kata sifat

connected with or functioning as an adverb

adverbial, kata keterangan

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

jargon, istilah teknis

the practice of uttering words that convey the opposite meaning as a way to annoy someone or for creating a humorous effect

sarkasme

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

alusi, acuan

a comparison between two different things, done to explain the similarities between them

analogi, perbandingan

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

aliterasi

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

mengartikulasikan, mengungkapkan

conveying or expressing a positive reply

afirmatif, positif

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemisme

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironi

a logically contradictory statement that might actually be true

paradoks

a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something

hiperbola, melebih-lebihkan

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

permainan kata, kalambur

connected with the art of writing or speaking in an effective or persuasive way

retoris, persuasif

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

satir, satiran

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologi

(linguistics) the speech pattern that an individual uses at a particular period of life

idiolek, idiolek (linguistik)

the symbol * used in writing or printing to show that there is more information about something in the footnote or as an indication of importance or omission

asterisk

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

memberi tanda baca, memakai tanda baca

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonem

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

semantik

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

sintaksis, struktur kalimat

(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way

modus, suasana

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

leksis, kosakata

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

leksikon, kosakata

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

homonim

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

homonim