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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL - Language and Grammar
Here you will learn some English words about language and grammar, such as "etymology", "gender", "allusion", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.
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etymology
[noun]
the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings
linguistics
[noun]
the study of the evolution and structure of language in general or of certain languages
declension
[noun]
(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender
to conjugate
[verb]
(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.
gender
[noun]
(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter
subjunctive
[adjective]
(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt
prefix
[noun]
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
suffix
[noun]
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
jargon
[noun]
words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others
sarcasm
[noun]
the practice of uttering words that convey the opposite meaning as a way to annoy someone or for creating a humorous effect
allusion
[noun]
a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device
analogy
[noun]
a comparison between two different things, done to explain the similarities between them
alliteration
[noun]
the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device
euphemism
[noun]
a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite
irony
[noun]
a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect
hyperbole
[noun]
a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something
pun
[noun]
a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has
rhetorical
[adjective]
connected with the art of writing or speaking in an effective or persuasive way
satire
[noun]
humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.
tautology
[noun]
the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase
idiolect
[noun]
(linguistics) the speech pattern that an individual uses at a particular period of life
asterisk
[noun]
the symbol * used in writing or printing to show that there is more information about something in the footnote or as an indication of importance or omission
to punctuate
[verb]
to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable
phoneme
[noun]
the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation
semantics
[noun]
(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference or truth
syntax
[noun]
(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language
mood
[noun]
(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way
lexis
[noun]
(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words
lexicon
[noun]
the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses
homophone
[noun]
(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin
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