Avancerat Ordförråd för TOEFL - Språk och Grammatik
Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om språk och grammatik, såsom "etymologi", "genus", "anspelning" etc. som behövs för TOEFL-provet.
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the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etymologi
the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetik
the study of the evolution and structure of language in general or of certain languages

lingvistik, språkvetenskap
(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

deklination, nominalböjning
(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

böja
(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

genus
(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

konjunktiv, konjunktivisk
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

prefix
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

suffix, ändelse
(grammar) connected with or functioning as an adjective

adjektivisk, adjektiv
words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

jargong, fackspråk
the use of words that convey the opposite meaning as a way to annoy someone or for creating a humorous effect

sarkasm, ironi
a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

anspelning, hänvisning
a comparison between two different things, done to explain the similarities between them

analogi
the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

allitteration
to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

artikulera, uttala tydligt
a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemism, förskönande uttryck
a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironi
a logically contradictory statement that might actually be true

paradox, logisk motsägelse
a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something

hyperbol, överdrift
a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

ordlek, vits
connected with the art of writing or speaking in an effective or persuasive way

retorisk, oratorisk
humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

satir, ironi
the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologi, redundans
(linguistics) the speech pattern that an individual uses at a particular period of life

idiolekt, individuellt talmönster
the symbol * used in writing or printing to show that there is more information about something in the footnote or as an indication of importance or omission

asterisk, liten stjärna
to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

interpunktion
the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonem, ljudenhet
(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

semantik
(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

syntax, grammatisk struktur
(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way

modus, sätt
(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

lexikon, ordförråd
the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

lexikon, ordförråd
(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

homofon, homofont ord
each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

homonym, homofon
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