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本 English File - 上級 - レッスン5B

ここでは、English File Advancedコースブックのレッスン5Bからの語彙を見つけることができます。例えば「預金」、「予算」、「インフレーション」などです。

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English File - Advanced
money
[名詞]

something that we use to buy and sell goods and services, can be in the form of coins or paper bills

お金, 通貨

お金, 通貨

Ex: She works hard to earn money for her college tuition .彼女は大学の授業料のために**お金**を稼ぐために一生懸命働いています。

used to imply that money is not easily obtained or available, and one should not waste it unnecessarily

Ex: She turned down the luxurious vacation proposal, reminding her partner that money does not grow on trees and they needed to be practical.
tight-fisted
[形容詞]

spending or giving money reluctantly

けちな, しみったれた

けちな, しみったれた

Ex: Even though he ’s wealthy , he ’s incredibly tight-fisted when it comes to charity .彼は裕福だが、慈善事業に関しては信じられないほど**けち**だ。

a large sum of money

Ex: The wedding ceremony at the exclusive venue was lovely , but it came with a price tag an arm and leg.

to make enough money to pay for one's basic needs

Ex: He has two jobs just to make ends meet each month.

in debt due to spending more than one's earnings

Ex: The restaurant was struggling to attract enough customers, leading to significant losses, and they were operating in the red.

used to refer to something, particularly a bank account, that is providing one with a considerable amount of profit

Ex: The organization has been in the black for several quarters now, thanks to a successful cost-cutting initiative.
rip-off
[名詞]

something that costs a lot more than its real value

ぼったくり, 詐欺

ぼったくり, 詐欺

Ex: Be careful when shopping online ; some deals are just rip-offs with inflated prices .オンラインショッピングの際は注意してください。一部の取引は、価格が吊り上げられたただの**ぼったくり**です。

to lessen the amount of money or resources one uses compared to before, particularly due to having less available

Ex: With a new baby on the way, they’ve had to tighten their belts and adjust their budget.

to spend in a way that exceeds one's income

Ex: They bought a luxurious house and expensive cars but couldn't keep up with the mortgage and loans.
budget
[名詞]

the sum of money that is available to a person, an organization, etc. for a particular purpose and the plan according to which it will be spent

予算, 財政計画

予算, 財政計画

Ex: The project ran over budget, leading to cuts in other areas .プロジェクトは**予算**を超過し、他の分野での削減につながった。
deposit
[名詞]

a sum of money that is paid before paying a total amount, particularly when buying something that is expensive

保証金, 前金

保証金, 前金

Ex: The travel agency asked for a deposit to confirm their spots on the upcoming cruise .旅行会社は、今後のクルーズでの彼らのスポットを確認するために**デポジット**を要求しました。
donation
[名詞]

something that is voluntarily given to someone or an organization to help them, such as money, food, etc.

寄付, 貢献

寄付, 貢献

Ex: They appreciated the generous donation from the community .彼らはコミュニティからの寛大な**寄付**に感謝しました。
fare
[名詞]

the amount of money we pay to travel with a bus, taxi, plane, etc.

運賃, チケット代

運賃, チケット代

Ex: The subway fare increased by 10% this year.地下鉄の運賃が今年10%上がりました。
fee
[名詞]

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

料金, 手数料

料金, 手数料

Ex: There 's an additional fee if you require expedited shipping for your order .注文の迅速な配送が必要な場合は、追加**料金**がかかります。
fine
[名詞]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

罰金, 過料

罰金, 過料

Ex: The judge imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations .裁判官は環境違反に対して会社に**罰金**を科した。
grant
[名詞]

an amount of money given by the government or another organization for a specific purpose

助成金, 奨学金

助成金, 奨学金

Ex: Startups often rely on grants to support early-stage development before becoming profitable .スタートアップは、利益を上げる前に初期段階の開発を支援するため、しばしば**助成金**に頼ります。
loan
[名詞]

a sum of money that is borrowed from a bank which should be returned with a certain rate of interest

ローン, 借入

ローン, 借入

Ex: They applied for a loan to expand their business operations .彼らは事業運営を拡大するために**ローン**を申請した。
lump sum
[名詞]

a single, large payment made in full, instead of smaller payments made over time

一括払い, 一括支払い

一括払い, 一括支払い

Ex: Employees who resign from the company often receive a lump sum payment for their unused vacation days upon departure .会社を辞める従業員は、退職時に未使用の休暇日数に対して**一括払い**を受けることが多い。
quote
[名詞]

(plural) another way of saying quotation marks

引用符, 引用

引用符, 引用

Ex: The novelist included quotes from historical figures to add authenticity to the narrative .小説家は物語に真実味を加えるために歴史的人物からの**引用**を含めた。
will
[名詞]

a person's intention or desire, especially one that is strong or persistent

意志, 願望

意志, 願望

Ex: His will to make a difference inspired many in his community to take action .変化をもたらそうとする彼の**意志**は、コミュニティの多くの人々に行動を起こすよう促しました。
society
[名詞]

people in general, considered as an extensive and organized group sharing the same laws

社会

社会

Ex: Social media has become an integral part of contemporary society, influencing public opinion and communication patterns .ソーシャルメディアは、現代の**社会**の不可欠な一部となり、世論やコミュニケーションパターンに影響を与えています。
consumer
[名詞]

someone who buys and uses services or goods

消費者, 顧客

消費者, 顧客

Ex: Online reviews play a significant role in helping consumers make informed choices .オンラインレビューは、**消費者**が情報に基づいた選択をするのを助ける上で重要な役割を果たします。

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

Ex: Economic policies that promote job creation and income growth can positively impact standard of living for citizens .
income
[名詞]

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

収入

収入

Ex: The couple reviewed their monthly income and expenses to create a more effective budget .カップルは、より効果的な予算を作成するために、毎月の**収入**と支出を見直しました。
inflation
[名詞]

the ongoing increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time

インフレ, 物価上昇

インフレ, 物価上昇

Ex: Wages failed to keep up with inflation, affecting many households .賃金は**インフレ**に追いつかず、多くの世帯に影響を与えた。

the amount of money required to maintain basic needs and expenses in a particular place or location

Ex: Retirees often move to countries with a cost of living to stretch their savings .
to afford
[動詞]

to be able to pay the cost of something

購入できる, 支払う余裕がある

購入できる, 支払う余裕がある

Ex: Financial stability allows individuals to afford unexpected expenses without causing hardship .経済的安定は、個人が苦難を引き起こすことなく予期せぬ出費を**賄う**ことを可能にします。
to manage
[動詞]

to deal with someone, something, or a situation in a way that keeps it under control

管理する, 対処する

管理する, 対処する

Ex: He knows how to manage the boat in rough waters .彼は荒れた海でボートを**管理**する方法を知っています。
account
[名詞]

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

口座, 銀行口座

口座, 銀行口座

Ex: Tom received an email notification confirming that his account had been credited with the refund amount .
balance
[名詞]

the number showing the difference between the debit and credit sums of an account

残高

残高

Ex: The business maintained a healthy cash balance to cover operational expenses and unforeseen costs .その事業は、運営費と予期せぬ費用を賄うために健全な現金**残高**を維持しました。
transfer
[名詞]

the act of moving someone or something from one place, person, or situation to another

移転

移転

Ex: We completed the transfer of the patient to a specialized care facility without any issues .私たちは患者を専門ケア施設に**移送**することを問題なく完了しました。
payment
[名詞]

an amount of money that is paid for something

支払い, 返済

支払い, 返済

Ex: The payment for the painting was more than I could afford .その絵の**支払い**は、私が払える額を超えていました。

the amount that a lender charges a borrower for the use of money, typically calculated based on the amount of the loan and the length of the borrowing period

金利, 利率

金利, 利率

Ex: To save money , they opted for a fixed interest rate on their loan to avoid fluctuations .お金を節約するために、彼らは変動を避けるためにローンに固定**金利**を選びました。
debt
[名詞]

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

借金, 負債

借金, 負債

Ex: He repaid his friend , feeling relieved to be free of the personal debt he had owed for so long .彼は友人に返済し、長い間負っていた個人的な**借金**から解放されて安堵を感じた。
mortgage
[名詞]

an official contract or arrangement by which a bank gives money to someone as a loan to buy a house and the person agrees to repay the loan over a specified period, usually with interest

抵当, 住宅ローン

抵当, 住宅ローン

Ex: Failure to make mortgage payments on time can lead to foreclosure , where the lender repossesses the property .**住宅ローン**の支払いを期限通りに行わないと、貸し手が財産を差し押さえる差し押さえにつながる可能性があります。
share
[名詞]

the act of dividing or distributing something among a group of people

分け前

分け前

Ex: The siblings divided the inheritance into equal shares to avoid any disputes .兄弟たちは相続財産を均等な**分け前**に分け、争いを避けました。
stock market
[名詞]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

株式市場, 証券取引所

株式市場, 証券取引所

Ex: The global pandemic had a profound impact on the stock market, leading to volatile fluctuations .世界的なパンデミックは**株式市場**に深刻な影響を与え、不安定な変動を引き起こしました。
currency
[名詞]

the type or system of money that is used by a country

通貨, 外貨

通貨, 外貨

Ex: The value of the currency dropped significantly after the announcement .発表後、**通貨**の価値が大幅に下落しました。

the value of a country's currency compared to another country's currency

為替レート, 交換レート

為替レート, 交換レート

Ex: She monitored the exchange rate closely to get the best deal when transferring money to another country .彼女は、別の国にお金を送金する際に最良の取引を得るために、**為替レート**を注意深く監視しました。
bankrupt
[形容詞]

(of organizations or people) legally declared as unable to pay their debts to creditors

破産した, 倒産した

破産した, 倒産した

Ex: The bankrupt individual sought financial counseling to manage their debts .**破産した**個人は、債務を管理するために財務相談を求めました。
recession
[名詞]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

不況

不況

Ex: Economists predicted that the recession would last for several quarters before signs of recovery would emerge .経済学者たちは、回復の兆しが現れる前に、**不況**が数四半期続くと予測した。
rich
[形容詞]

owning a great amount of money or things that cost a lot

裕福な, 金持ちの

裕福な, 金持ちの

Ex: The rich philanthropist sponsored scholarships for underprivileged students .その**裕福な**慈善家は、恵まれない学生のための奨学金を後援しました。
affluent
[形容詞]

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

裕福な, 豊かな

裕福な, 豊かな

Ex: The affluent couple donated generously to local charities and cultural institutions .**裕福な**カップルは地元の慈善団体や文化施設に寛大に寄付しました。
loaded
[形容詞]

having a lot of money or financial resources

金持ちの, 裕福な

金持ちの, 裕福な

Ex: His flashy lifestyle suggests that he's loaded with money, but few know the true source of his wealth.彼の派手な生活スタイルは、彼が**大金を持っている**ことを示唆しているが、彼の富の真の源を知る者はほとんどいない。
wealthy
[形容詞]

having a large amount of money or valuable possessions

裕福な, 豊かな

裕福な, 豊かな

Ex: The wealthy neighborhood was known for its extravagant mansions and gated communities .その**裕福な**地域は、豪華なマンションとゲーテッドコミュニティで知られていました。
well-off
[形容詞]

having enough money to cover one's expenses and maintain a desirable lifestyle

裕福な, 経済的に余裕がある

裕福な, 経済的に余裕がある

Ex: They invested wisely and became well-off in their retirement years .彼らは賢明に投資し、退職後の年に**裕福**になりました。
poor
[形容詞]

owning a very small amount of money or a very small number of things

貧しい, 困窮している

貧しい, 困窮している

Ex: Unforunately , the poor elderly couple relied on government assistance to cover their expenses .残念ながら、その**貧しい**老夫婦は生活費を賄うために政府の援助に頼っていました。
broke
[形容詞]

having little or no financial resources

破産した, 無一文

破産した, 無一文

Ex: He felt embarrassed admitting to his friends that he was broke and could n't join them for dinner .彼は、自分が**金欠**で友達と夕食を共にできないと認めるのが恥ずかしかった。
hard up
[形容詞]

experiencing financial difficulties, often lacking money to cover basic expenses

金欠の, 財政難に陥っている

金欠の, 財政難に陥っている

Ex: Even though they were hard up, they managed to find joy in the simple things in life .彼らは**金銭的に苦しい**状況だったが、人生のささやかなものに喜びを見いだすことができた。
penniless
[形容詞]

having no money or financial resources

無一文の, 一文無しの

無一文の, 一文無しの

Ex: The penniless immigrant worked hard to build a better life for his family .**無一文の**移民は、家族のためにより良い生活を築くために一生懸命働きました。
grand
[名詞]

a thousand units of a currency

千, グランド

千, グランド

Ex: He borrowed three grand from his parents to start his business .彼はビジネスを始めるために両親から3**千**借りた。
buck
[名詞]

one dollar

1ドル, 1ドル札

1ドル, 1ドル札

Ex: He bet his friend a buck that his favorite team would win the game .彼は自分のお気に入りのチームが試合に勝つと友達に1**ドル**賭けた。
quid
[名詞]

the currency of the United Kingdom, equivalent to one hundred pence

ポンド, スターリングポンド

ポンド, スターリングポンド

Ex: The concert tickets cost a hundred quid each , but the experience was well worth it .コンサートチケットは1枚100**ポンド**でしたが、その経験は十分に価値がありました。
fiver
[名詞]

a piece of paper money worth five dollars that you can use to buy things

5ドル札, 5ドル

5ドル札, 5ドル

Ex: At the garage sale , she sold an old book for a fiver.ガレージセールで、彼女は古い本を**5ドル札**で売った。
tenner
[名詞]

a banknote with a value of ten units of a currency, typically ten pounds or ten dollars

十ドル札, 十ポンド札

十ドル札, 十ポンド札

Ex: He borrowed a tenner from his friend to cover the unexpected expense .彼は予期せぬ出費を賄うために友人から**10ドル札**を借りた。
installment
[名詞]

a part of a larger sum of money that is paid in a scheduled series of payments over a specified period of time

分割払い

分割払い

Ex: The artwork was purchased on an installment plan, making it more affordable for the buyer.その美術品は**分割払い**プランで購入され、購入者にとってより手頃な価格になりました。
本 English File - 上級
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