English File - Advanced - Lesson 5B

money [noun]

something that we use to buy and sell goods and services, can be in the form of coins or paper bills

Ex: Saving money for the future is really important .

used to imply that money is not easily obtained or available, and one should not waste it unnecessarily

Ex: The manager emphasized to the employees that money does not grow on trees , so cost-cutting measures were necessary .

tight-fisted [adjective]

spending or giving money reluctantly

Ex: She ’s known for being tight-fisted , so do n’t expect her to chip in for the gift .

an arm and (a|) leg [phrase]

a large sum of money

Ex: The luxury car he bought cost him an arm and a leg , but he considered it a status symbol .

to [make] (both|) ends meet [phrase]

to make enough money to pay for one's basic needs

Ex: She is working extra hours to make both ends meet while she looks for a better-paying job .

(in|into) the red [phrase]

in debt due to spending more than one's earnings

Ex: The company 's financial statements showed that they were consistently in the red due to declining sales .

in the black [phrase]

used to refer to something, particularly a bank account, that is providing one with a considerable amount of profit

Ex: The organization has been in the black for several quarters now , thanks to a successful cost-cutting initiative .

rip-off [noun]

something that costs a lot more than its real value

Ex: They charged $ 50 for parking , which felt like a total rip-off .

to [tighten] {one's} belt [phrase]

to lessen the amount of money or resources one uses compared to before, particularly due to having less available

Ex:

to [live] beyond {one's} means [phrase]

to spend in a way that exceeds one's income

Ex: The couple took frequent extravagant vacations , leading to significant debt as they were living beyond their means .

budget [noun]

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

Ex: The travel budget covered flights and lodging .

deposit [noun]

a sum of money that is paid before paying a total amount, particularly when buying something that is expensive

Ex: She placed a deposit on the new smartphone to reserve it until the official release date .

donation [noun]

something that is voluntarily given to someone or an organization to help them, such as money, food, etc.

Ex: The charity relies on donations to continue its work .

fare [noun]

the amount of money we pay to travel with a bus, taxi, plane, etc.

Ex: The airline offers lower fares for early morning flights .

fee [noun]

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

Ex: The gym membership fee is due at the beginning of each month .

fine [noun]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

Ex: The fine for parking in a disabled parking spot without a permit is significant .

grant [noun]

an amount of money given by the government or another organization for a specific purpose

Ex: The nonprofit organization was awarded a grant to expand its community outreach programs .

loan [noun]

a sum of money that is borrowed from a bank which should be returned with a certain rate of interest

Ex: The bank offers different types of loans , including personal , auto , and home loans .

lump sum [noun]

a single, large payment made in full, instead of smaller payments made over time

Ex: Instead of monthly pension payments , retirees sometimes opt for a lump sum payout , allowing them more flexibility in managing their finances .

quote [noun]

(plural) another way of saying quotation marks

Ex: When writing academic papers , it 's important to cite sources correctly with quotes around the borrowed text .

will [noun]

a person's intention or desire, especially one that is strong or persistent

Ex: The team 's collective will to win kept them motivated throughout the grueling tournament .

society [noun]

people in general, considered as an extensive and organized group sharing the same laws

Ex: Sociologists study how norms and values shape behavior within a given society .

consumer [noun]

someone who buys and uses services or goods

Ex: The new smartphone model received positive reviews from consumers .

standard of living [phrase]

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

Ex: Many people seek job opportunities abroad to achieve a higher standard of living for their families .

income [noun]

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

Ex: The government 's new tax policy will impact individuals with higher incomes more significantly .

inflation [noun]

the ongoing increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time

Ex: Rising inflation led to higher food and fuel prices .

cost of living [phrase]

the amount of money required to maintain basic needs and expenses in a particular place or location

Ex: Students struggle to manage expenses due to the increasing cost of living .

to afford [verb]

to be able to pay the cost of something

Ex: Individuals are affording education through various financial planning strategies .

to manage [verb]

to deal with someone, something, or a situation in a way that keeps it under control

Ex: The teacher knows how to manage a classroom full of students .

account [noun]

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

Ex: The company 's accountant meticulously balanced the accounts to ensure accuracy in financial records .

balance [noun]

a state in an account where the total credits exactly equal the total debits, leaving no difference

Ex: When the credits and debits match , the account is said to be in balance .

transfer [noun]

the act of moving someone or something from one place, person, or situation to another

Ex: His transfer to the new department was finalized last week .

payment [noun]

an amount of money that is paid for something

Ex: The payment for our meal was $ 25 .

interest rate [noun]

the amount that a lender charges a borrower for the use of money, typically calculated based on the amount of the loan and the length of the borrowing period

Ex: Investors closely monitor changes in the interest rate set by the central bank as it impacts the economy .

debt [noun]

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

Ex: She felt a deep sense of debt to her mentor , who had guided her throughout her career .

mortgage [noun]

an official contract or arrangement by which a bank gives money to someone as a loan to buy a house and the person agrees to repay the loan over a specified period, usually with interest

Ex: The monthly mortgage payments include principal and interest , as well as property taxes and insurance .

share [noun]

the act of dividing or distributing something among a group of people

Ex: They each took a share of the workload to ensure the project would be completed on time .

stock market [noun]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

Ex: News of the company 's breakthrough product led to a surge in its stock market value .

currency [noun]

the type or system of money that is used by a country

Ex: Using a stable currency is crucial for maintaining economic stability .

exchange rate [noun]

the value of a country's currency compared to another country's currency

Ex: The favorable exchange rate made it an excellent time for investors to buy foreign stocks .

bankrupt [adjective]

(of organizations or people) legally declared as unable to pay their debts to creditors

Ex: The once-thriving neighborhood became desolate after the major employer went bankrupt .

recession [noun]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

Ex: Families had to tighten their budgets and cut back on spending due to the recession .

rich [adjective]

owning a great amount of money or things that cost a lot

Ex: The rich family owned a private jet .

affluent [adjective]

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

Ex: She grew up in an affluent family , attending private schools and traveling abroad frequently .

loaded [adjective]

having a lot of money or financial resources

Ex:

wealthy [adjective]

having a large amount of money or valuable possessions

Ex: The wealthy philanthropist donated millions of dollars to charity every year .

well-off [adjective]

having enough money to cover one's expenses and maintain a desirable lifestyle

Ex: He considered himself well-off after securing a stable job with a decent income .

poor [adjective]

owning a very small amount of money or a very small number of things

Ex: The poor family lived in a small , rundown house .

broke [adjective]

having little or no financial resources

Ex:

hard up [adjective]

experiencing financial difficulties, often lacking money to cover basic expenses

Ex: The recent economic downturn left many families hard up and unable to afford even basic necessities .

penniless [adjective]

having no money or financial resources

Ex: After losing his job , he became penniless and struggled to afford even basic necessities .

grand [noun]

a thousand units of a currency

Ex: She saved up a grand to take a trip to Europe .

buck [noun]

one dollar

Ex: She only had ten bucks left in her wallet after paying for groceries .

quid [noun]

the currency of the United Kingdom, equivalent to one hundred pence

Ex: She found a vintage book at the market for just a few quid .

fiver [noun]

a piece of paper money worth five dollars that you can use to buy things

Ex: The street performer thanked the generous passerby for dropping a fiver into his hat .

tenner [noun]

a banknote with a value of ten units of a currency, typically ten pounds or ten dollars

Ex: Finding an old tenner in his wallet , he decided to buy a small treat for himself .

installment [noun]

a part of a larger sum of money that is paid in a scheduled series of payments over a specified period of time

Ex: He was relieved to know that he could pay for the expensive course in installments rather than all at once .

English File - Advanced
Lesson 1A	Lesson 1B	Lesson 2A	Lesson 2B
Lesson 3A	Lesson 3B	Lesson 4A	Lesson 4B
Lesson 5A	Lesson 5B	Lesson 6A	Lesson 6B
Lesson 7A	Lesson 7B	Lesson 8A	Lesson 8B
Lesson 9A	Lesson 9B	Lesson 10A	Lesson 10B