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建築と建設 - 建築と建設に関連する名詞

ここでは、「施設」、「レイアウト」、「プロパティ」など、建築と建設に関連するいくつかの英語の名詞を学びます。

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Words Related to Architecture and Construction
engineering
[名詞]

a field of study that deals with the building, designing, developing, etc. of structures, bridges, or machines

工学

工学

Ex: Engineering requires strong skills in mathematics and physics .**工学**には数学と物理学の強力なスキルが必要です。
plan
[名詞]

a drawing of a building, city, etc. that shows its position, size, or shape in details

平面図, 設計図

平面図, 設計図

Ex: The urban development team worked on a plan of the downtown area to improve traffic flow .都市開発チームは、交通の流れを改善するためにダウンタウン地域の**計画**に取り組みました。
facility
[名詞]

a place or a building is designed and equipped for a specific function, such as healthcare, education, etc.

施設, 設備

施設, 設備

Ex: The school district built a new educational facility to accommodate growing enrollment .学区は増加する入学数を収容するために新しい教育**施設**を建設しました。
infill
[名詞]

the process of filling empty spaces in cities or neighborhoods within a built environment

埋め立て, 都市の高密化

埋め立て, 都市の高密化

Ex: Infill housing projects have become popular as they provide more affordable living options in densely populated cities .**インフィル**住宅プロジェクトは、人口密度の高い都市でより手頃な住居オプションを提供するため、人気が高まっています。
new build
[名詞]

a newly constructed or soon-to-be-built house

新築, 新しい家

新築, 新しい家

dilapidation
[名詞]

(of a building, vehicle, or furniture) the state of being in poor condition or bad shape, particularly due to being old

荒廃, 老朽化

荒廃, 老朽化

disrepair
[名詞]

a damaged or broken state of a building or other structure, because it has not been taken care of

荒廃, 不良状態

荒廃, 不良状態

eyesore
[名詞]

something that has an extremely ugly appearance, particularly a building

目障りなもの, 醜い建物

目障りなもの, 醜い建物

floor plan
[名詞]

the design of a building that depicts the shape, size, and positioning of rooms and furniture in a structure from above.

間取り図, 平面図

間取り図, 平面図

Ex: The real estate agent gave us a copy of the floor plan to help us visualize the space .不動産屋は私たちに空間を視覚化するのに役立つ**間取り図**のコピーをくれました。
inlay
[名詞]

decorative patterns made of wood or metal, put into the surface of an object in a way that they level with the surface

象嵌, 寄木細工

象嵌, 寄木細工

layout
[名詞]

the specific way by which a building, book page, garden, etc. is arranged

レイアウト, 配置

レイアウト, 配置

Ex: The interior decorator considered the layout of the furniture in the living room , aiming for both functionality and aesthetics .インテリアデザイナーは、機能性と美学の両方を目指して、リビングルームの家具の**レイアウト**を考慮しました。
shell
[名詞]

the external structure of a vehicle or building, particularly when the inside parts are severely damaged by fire, etc. or are still under construction

シェル, 骨組み

シェル, 骨組み

hovel
[名詞]

a small house that is in an extremely poor condition

小屋, ぼろ家

小屋, ぼろ家

Ex: After losing his job , he was forced to move from his comfortable apartment to a tiny hovel in a rundown part of town .仕事を失った後、彼は快適なアパートから町の荒廃した地域にある小さな**掘っ立て小屋**に引っ越さざるを得なかった。
property
[名詞]

a building or the piece of land surrounding it, owned by individuals, businesses, or entities

財産,  不動産

財産, 不動産

Ex: The deed and title documents confirm ownership of the property and its legal boundaries .証書と権利書は、**不動産**の所有権とその法的境界を確認します。
self-build
[名詞]

a home that is constructed by its owner

セルフビルド, 所有者によって建てられた家

セルフビルド, 所有者によって建てられた家

habitation
[名詞]

a place of residence, such as a house, apartment, or any other type of shelter

住居, 居住地

住居, 居住地

Ex: The family 's habitation was warm and welcoming despite its small size .家族の**住居**は、その小さなサイズにもかかわらず、暖かく迎えてくれました。
place
[名詞]

a home or living space someone regards as their own

家, 住まい

家, 住まい

Ex: He offered to let me stay at his place while I 'm in town .彼は私が町にいる間、彼の**家**に泊まることを提案しました。
summer
[名詞]

the horizontal beam or lintel that spans the opening of a fireplace or hearth, providing support for the masonry above and helping to direct the flow of smoke

暖炉のまぐさ, 炉の梁

暖炉のまぐさ, 炉の梁

an approach in design and architecture where the parameters and relationships between various design elements are defined and controlled, allowing for efficient and flexible design iterations based on specific criteria or constraints

パラメトリックデザイン, パラメトリック設計

パラメトリックデザイン, パラメトリック設計

Ex: With parametric design, the designer was able to integrate advanced technology into the building 's form , ensuring it would meet both aesthetic and functional needs .**パラメトリックデザイン**により、デザイナーは建物の形状に先進的な技術を統合することができ、美的および機能的なニーズの両方を満たすことを保証しました。

an architectural theory that emphasizes the importance of local context and cultural identity in design, seeking to create meaningful and responsive architecture that is rooted in its specific geographical, social, and cultural context

批判的地域主義, 批判的建築地域主義

批判的地域主義, 批判的建築地域主義

Ex: Many architects practice critical regionalism to create spaces that are both innovative and respectful of local traditions.多くの建築家は、革新的でありながら地元の伝統を尊重する空間を作るために **批判的地域主義** を実践しています。
landmark
[名詞]

a structure or a place that is historically important

ランドマーク, 歴史的建造物

ランドマーク, 歴史的建造物

Ex: In Washington , D.C. , the Lincoln Memorial serves as both a tribute to President Lincoln and a powerful landmark of American history .ワシントンD.C.では、リンカーン記念館はリンカーン大統領への賛辞として、またアメリカの歴史の強力な**ランドマーク**としての役割を果たしています。
remains
[名詞]

the parts of the objects and structures from ancient times that have survived destruction and been discovered

遺物,  残骸

遺物, 残骸

ruin
[名詞]

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

廃墟, 遺跡

廃墟, 遺跡

Ex: The archaeological team discovered the ruins of an ancient city .考古学チームは古代都市の**遺跡**を発見しました。
demolition
[名詞]

the act or process of destroying or breaking apart a building or other structure

解体, 破壊

解体, 破壊

Ex: Demolition requires careful planning to avoid damaging nearby structures .**解体**には、近くの構造物を損傷しないように注意深い計画が必要です。

the process or act of making a room or building look more attractive by repairing, redecorating or cleaning it

改修, リフォーム

改修, リフォーム

Ex: They hired a team of specialists for the refurbishment of the historic theater .彼らは歴史的な劇場の**改修**のために専門家のチームを雇いました。
renovation
[名詞]

the process or action of making a building or a piece of furniture look good again by repairing or painting it

改修, リノベーション

改修, リノベーション

a social and architectural phenomenon that advocates for living in smaller, more efficient and environmentally conscious dwellings

タイニーハウス運動, ミニハウス運動

タイニーハウス運動, ミニハウス運動

Ex: The tiny-house movement has inspired a shift toward environmentally friendly homes that require fewer resources to build and maintain .**タイニーハウス運動**は、建設と維持により少ない資源を必要とする環境に優しい家へのシフトを促しました。
abuttal
[名詞]

the act of two adjoining properties or structures sharing a common boundary or being adjacent to each other

隣接, 接続

隣接, 接続

Ex: The land in question is in abuttal with a public road .問題の土地は公共道路に**接している**。

a distinctive arrangement of rectangular or parallelogram-shaped tiles or bricks that are laid in a zigzag or "V" shape to create a visually appealing and often symmetrical design

ヘリンボーンパターン, ジグザグパターン

ヘリンボーンパターン, ジグザグパターン

Ex: The tiles in the hallway were arranged in a herringbone pattern, making the space feel more dynamic .廊下のタイルは**ヘリンボーンパターン**に配置され、空間をよりダイナミックに感じさせました。
weld
[名詞]

a fusion or joining of two or more pieces of metal by heating them to a melting point and allowing them to cool, creating a solid and permanent bond

溶接, 溶接接合

溶接, 溶接接合

firetrap
[名詞]

a building that lacks fire safety measures and is dangerous if there is a fire

火災の罠, 防火対策が不十分で火災時に危険な建物

火災の罠, 防火対策が不十分で火災時に危険な建物

Ex: The abandoned warehouse had become a firetrap, with piles of old materials blocking all escape routes .放棄された倉庫は、古い材料の山がすべての脱出路を塞いでいる**火災の罠**となっていた。
conduit
[名詞]

a pipe, tube, or channel that is used to protect, enclose, or route electrical wires, cables, or other utilities for the purpose of safe and organized transmission

導管, パイプ

導管, パイプ

Ex: To prevent water ingress , the outdoor conduits were sealed with waterproof materials where they entered the building .
bachelor pad
[名詞]

a living space, typically an apartment or house, that is occupied by a single man and is designed or decorated in a manner that reflects his personal taste and lifestyle

独身者用の住居, バチェローパッド

独身者用の住居, バチェローパッド

Ex: After a long day at work , John liked to retreat to his bachelor pad, where he could relax and watch movies .長い仕事の後、ジョンはリラックスして映画を観ることができる自分の**バチェラーパッド**に引きこもるのが好きだった。
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