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建築と建設 - 建築および建設に関連する名詞

ここでは「設備」「レイアウト」「プロパティ」など、建築や建設に関係する英語の名詞を学びます。

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Words Related to Architecture and Construction
engineering
[名詞]

a field of study that deals with the building, designing, developing, etc. of structures, bridges, or machines

工学 (こうがく), エンジニアリング

工学 (こうがく), エンジニアリング

Ex: Engineering requires strong skills in mathematics and physics .
plan
[名詞]

a drawing of a building, city, etc. that shows its position, size, or shape in details

計画(けいかく), 設計図(せっけいず)

計画(けいかく), 設計図(せっけいず)

Ex: The urban development team worked on plan of the downtown area to improve traffic flow .
facility
[名詞]

a place or a building is designed and equipped for a specific function, such as healthcare, education, etc.

施設(しせつ), 設備(せつび)

施設(しせつ), 設備(せつび)

Ex: The school district built a new facility to accommodate growing enrollment .
infill
[名詞]

the process of filling empty spaces in cities or neighborhoods within a built environment

インフィル, インフィル開発

インフィル, インフィル開発

Ex: Infill housing projects have become popular as they provide more affordable living options in densely populated cities .
new build
[名詞]

a newly constructed or soon-to-be-built house

新築(しんちく), 新しい建物(あたらしいたてもん)

新築(しんちく), 新しい建物(あたらしいたてもん)

dilapidation
[名詞]

(of a building, vehicle, or furniture) the state of being in poor condition or bad shape, particularly due to being old

老朽化 (ろうきゅうか), 崩壊 (ほうかい)

老朽化 (ろうきゅうか), 崩壊 (ほうかい)

disrepair
[名詞]

a damaged or broken state of a building or other structure, because it has not been taken care of

破損状態, 放置状態

破損状態, 放置状態

eyesore
[名詞]

something that has an extremely ugly appearance, particularly a building

目障りなもの, 目の悪いもの

目障りなもの, 目の悪いもの

floor plan
[名詞]

the design of a building that depicts the shape, size, and positioning of rooms and furniture in a structure from above.

フロアプラン, 間取り図

フロアプラン, 間取り図

Ex: The real estate agent gave us a copy of floor plan to help us visualize the space .
inlay
[名詞]

decorative patterns made of wood or metal, put into the surface of an object in a way that they level with the surface

象嵌(ぞうがん), インレイ

象嵌(ぞうがん), インレイ

layout
[名詞]

the specific way by which a building, book page, garden, etc. is arranged

レイアウト, 配置

レイアウト, 配置

Ex: The interior decorator considered layout of the furniture in the living room , aiming for both functionality and aesthetics .
shell
[名詞]

the external structure of a vehicle or building, particularly when the inside parts are severely damaged by fire, etc. or are still under construction

外壁(がいへき), シェル

外壁(がいへき), シェル

hovel
[名詞]

a small house that is in an extremely poor condition

小屋(こや), 粗末な家(そまつなや)

小屋(こや), 粗末な家(そまつなや)

Ex: After losing his job , he was forced to move from his comfortable apartment to a hovel in a rundown part of town .
property
[名詞]

a building or the piece of land surrounding it, owned by individuals, businesses, or entities

不動産 (ふどうさん), 物件 (ぶっけん)

不動産 (ふどうさん), 物件 (ぶっけん)

Ex: The deed and title documents confirm ownership of property and its legal boundaries .
self-build
[名詞]

a home that is constructed by its owner

自分で建てた家, セルフビルド

自分で建てた家, セルフビルド

habitation
[名詞]

a place of residence, such as a house, apartment, or any other type of shelter

居住地 (きょじゅうち), 住居 (じゅうきょ)

居住地 (きょじゅうち), 住居 (じゅうきょ)

Ex: The familyhabitation was warm and welcoming despite its small size .
place
[名詞]

a home or living space someone regards as their own

Ex: He offered to let me stay at place while I 'm in town .
summer
[名詞]

the horizontal beam or lintel that spans the opening of a fireplace or hearth, providing support for the masonry above and helping to direct the flow of smoke

サマー, 火床横木

サマー, 火床横木

an approach in design and architecture where the parameters and relationships between various design elements are defined and controlled, allowing for efficient and flexible design iterations based on specific criteria or constraints

パラメトリックデザイン, パラメトリック設計

パラメトリックデザイン, パラメトリック設計

Ex: With parametric design, the designer was able to integrate advanced technology into the building's form, ensuring it would meet both aesthetic and functional needs.

an architectural theory that emphasizes the importance of local context and cultural identity in design, seeking to create meaningful and responsive architecture that is rooted in its specific geographical, social, and cultural context

批判的地域主義 (ひはんてきちいきしゅぎ), クリティカル・レジオナリズム

批判的地域主義 (ひはんてきちいきしゅぎ), クリティカル・レジオナリズム

Ex: Many architects practice critical regionalism to create spaces that are both innovative and respectful of local traditions.
landmark
[名詞]

a structure or a place that is historically important

史跡 (しせき), ランドマーク

史跡 (しせき), ランドマーク

Ex: In Washington , D.C. , the Lincoln Memorial serves as both a tribute to President Lincoln and a landmark of American history .
remains
[名詞]

the parts of the objects and structures from ancient times that have survived destruction and been discovered

遺物, 遺構

遺物, 遺構

ruin
[名詞]

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

遺跡, 廃墟

遺跡, 廃墟

Ex: The archaeological team discovered ruins of an ancient city .
demolition
[名詞]

the act or process of destroying or breaking apart a building or other structure

解体(かいたい), 撤去(てっきょ)

解体(かいたい), 撤去(てっきょ)

Ex: Demolition requires careful planning to avoid damaging nearby structures .

the process or act of making a room or building look more attractive by repairing, redecorating or cleaning it

改装 (かいそう), 修繕 (しゅうぜん)

改装 (かいそう), 修繕 (しゅうぜん)

Ex: They hired a team of specialists for refurbishment of the historic theater .
renovation
[名詞]

the process or action of making a building or a piece of furniture look good again by repairing or painting it

改装 (かいそう,  kaisou)

改装 (かいそう, kaisou)

a social and architectural phenomenon that advocates for living in smaller, more efficient and environmentally conscious dwellings

ミニマルハウス運動, 小さな家運動

ミニマルハウス運動, 小さな家運動

Ex: tiny-house movement has inspired a shift toward environmentally friendly homes that require fewer resources to build and maintain .
abuttal
[名詞]

the act of two adjoining properties or structures sharing a common boundary or being adjacent to each other

隣接, 接続

隣接, 接続

Ex: The land in question is abuttal with a public road .

a distinctive arrangement of rectangular or parallelogram-shaped tiles or bricks that are laid in a zigzag or "V" shape to create a visually appealing and often symmetrical design

ヘリンボーンパターン, ヒレボーンパターン

ヘリンボーンパターン, ヒレボーンパターン

Ex: The tiles in the hallway were arranged in herringbone pattern, making the space feel more dynamic .
weld
[名詞]

a fusion or joining of two or more pieces of metal by heating them to a melting point and allowing them to cool, creating a solid and permanent bond

溶接 (ようせつ), 接合 (せつごう)

溶接 (ようせつ), 接合 (せつごう)

firetrap
[名詞]

a building that lacks fire safety measures and is dangerous if there is a fire

火災の危険がある建物, 火災トラップ

火災の危険がある建物, 火災トラップ

Ex: The abandoned warehouse had become firetrap, with piles of old materials blocking all escape routes .
conduit
[名詞]

a pipe, tube, or channel that is used to protect, enclose, or route electrical wires, cables, or other utilities for the purpose of safe and organized transmission

導管 (どうかん), 配管 (はいかん)

導管 (どうかん), 配管 (はいかん)

Ex: To prevent water ingress , the conduits were sealed with waterproof materials where they entered the building .
bachelor pad
[名詞]

a living space, typically an apartment or house, that is occupied by a single man and is designed or decorated in a manner that reflects his personal taste and lifestyle

独身者の部屋(どくしんしゃのへや), バチェラーパッド

独身者の部屋(どくしんしゃのへや), バチェラーパッド

Ex: After a long day at work , John liked to retreat to bachelor pad, where he could relax and watch movies .
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