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自然科学 SAT - 精神的能力と失敗

ここでは、SAT で合格するために必要な、「明敏」、「精神」、「気まぐれ」など、精神的能力や失敗に関連する英単語を学びます。

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
ambition
[名詞]

the will to obtain wealth, power, success, etc.

野心(やしん), 志(こころざし)

野心(やしん), 志(こころざし)

Ex: The scientistambition to make groundbreaking discoveries fueled his research .
whim
[名詞]

a sudden and impulsive decision or desire that someone has without much thought or reason behind it

気まぐれ, 衝動

気まぐれ, 衝動

Ex: When her plans for the evening fell through , she acted on whim and went out to see a movie by herself instead .
competence
[名詞]

the ability to perform tasks effectively and efficiently, demonstrating both physical and intellectual readiness

Ex: competence as a manager led to increased productivity and employee satisfaction in her department .
acuteness
[名詞]

a sharp intelligence, able to understand things deeply and quickly

鋭さ (えいさ), 洞察力 (どうさつりょく)

鋭さ (えいさ), 洞察力 (どうさつりょく)

Ex: The authoracuteness in depicting human emotions made the novel resonate deeply with readers .
initiative
[名詞]

the willingness to take action and start new things without being prompted or directed

イニシアチブ, 主体性

イニシアチブ, 主体性

Ex: It ’s important to initiative when tackling challenges at work .
precaution
[名詞]

the habit or action of being cautious and taking steps in advance to prevent harm or trouble

予防策 (よぼうさく), 予防 (よぼう)

予防策 (よぼうさく), 予防 (よぼう)

Ex: Following recent security breaches , the government has precautions at airports .
psyche
[名詞]

the entirety of the human mind, including conscious and unconscious elements, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

心的構造(しんてきこうぞう), 精神(せいしん)

心的構造(しんてきこうぞう), 精神(せいしん)

Ex: Therapists work with individuals to explore and navigate the depths of psyche during counseling sessions .
to recall
[動詞]

to bring back something from the memory

思い出す (おもいだす), 記憶する (きおくする)

思い出す (おもいだす), 記憶する (きおくする)

Ex: A scent can often trigger the ability recall past experiences .
to recollect
[動詞]

to bring to mind past memories or experiences

思い出す, 回想する

思い出す, 回想する

Ex: Upon hearing the familiar tune , they recollected the song that played at their wedding .
to improvise
[動詞]

to create and perform words of a play, music, etc. on impulse and without preparation, particularly because one is forced to do so

即興する, アドリブする

即興する, アドリブする

Ex: Unable to find his notes , the improvised a captivating speech on the spot .
to beware
[動詞]

to warn someone to be cautious of a dangerous person or thing

気をつける, 警戒する

気をつける, 警戒する

Ex: Residents are advised beware of wild animals when hiking in the national park .
to distract
[動詞]

to cause someone to lose their focus or attention from something they were doing or thinking about

気を散らす (きをちらす), 注意を逸らす (ちゅういをそらす)

気を散らす (きをちらす), 注意を逸らす (ちゅういをそらす)

Ex: I distracted by the constant chatter in the room and could n't concentrate on my reading .

to make someone acquainted with something

慣れさせる, 親しませる

慣れさせる, 親しませる

Ex: The software tutorial aims familiarize users with the key features of the application .
to foretell
[動詞]

to predict or say in advance what will happen in the future

予知する, 予言する

予知する, 予言する

Ex: He had a knack foretelling market trends and making successful investments .
to foresee
[動詞]

to know or predict something before it happens

予知する (よちする), 先見する (せんけんする)

予知する (よちする), 先見する (せんけんする)

Ex: foresaw a rise in demand for the product and stocked up .
to heed
[動詞]

to be attentive to advice or a warning

注意を払う, 従う

注意を払う, 従う

Ex: Despite her friends ' warnings , she chose not heed them and continued with her risky behavior .
impressionable
[形容詞]

easily influenced or affected by others or external factors, especially due to a lack of experience or critical judgment

影響を受けやすい(えいきょうをうけやすい), 感受性が強い(かんじゅせいがつよい)

影響を受けやすい(えいきょうをうけやすい), 感受性が強い(かんじゅせいがつよい)

Ex: impressionable nature made him vulnerable to persuasive advertising and marketing tactics .
impervious
[形容詞]

resistant to being affected or damaged by something

影響を受けない, 防水の

影響を受けない, 防水の

Ex: The high-quality paint impervious to fading and wear .
cognizant
[形容詞]

having knowledge or awareness about something

認識している, 知覚している

認識している, 知覚している

Ex: He cognizant of his limitations and knew when to ask for help .
astute
[形容詞]

having a clever and practical ability to make wise and effective decisions

抜け目のない, 鋭い

抜け目のない, 鋭い

Ex: The managerastute leadership skills guided the team through challenging projects .
savvy
[形容詞]

possessing practical knowledge, expertise, or understanding in a particular domain

精通した (せいつうした), 賢い (かしこい)

精通した (せいつうした), 賢い (かしこい)

Ex: savvy traveler knows how to find the best deals on flights and accommodations .
sagacious
[形容詞]

having wisdom and good judgment

賢明な, 洞察力のある

賢明な, 洞察力のある

Ex: sagacious mentor can provide invaluable guidance during challenging times .
shrewd
[形容詞]

having or showing good judgement, especially in business or politics

鋭い, 抜け目のない

鋭い, 抜け目のない

Ex: shrewd analysis of the situation enabled her to make strategic moves that outmaneuvered her competitors .
sentient
[形容詞]

possessing the ability to experience, feel, or perceive things through the senses

感覚を持つ, 知覚がある

感覚を持つ, 知覚がある

Ex: The ethical treatment of sentient creatures is a significant concern in animal welfare.
conscious
[形容詞]

having awareness of one's surroundings

意識的な, 周囲を意識する

意識的な, 周囲を意識する

Ex: She conscious of the people around her as she walked through the busy city streets .
perceptive
[形容詞]

(of a person) able to quickly and accurately understand or notice things due to keen awareness and insight

洞察力のある, 鋭い

洞察力のある, 鋭い

Ex: perceptive helped her identify opportunities others missed .
imaginative
[形容詞]

displaying or having creativity or originality

想像力豊かな, 創造的な

想像力豊かな, 創造的な

Ex: He has imaginative mind , constantly coming up with innovative solutions to challenges .
acumen
[名詞]

the quality of having a sharp sense of judgment and decision-making

鋭い洞察力, 判断力

鋭い洞察力, 判断力

the quality of being alert and paying close attention to things

注意深さ (ちゅういぶかさ), 気配り (きくばり)

注意深さ (ちゅういぶかさ), 気配り (きくばり)

Ex: The teacherattentiveness to students ' needs fostered a positive learning environment .
vigilance
[名詞]

the state or quality of being watchful and attentive, especially to detect potential danger or problems

警戒心 (けいかいしん), 監視 (かんし)

警戒心 (けいかいしん), 監視 (かんし)

Ex: vigilance is crucial in ensuring child safety in public places .
inference
[名詞]

a conclusion one reaches from the existing evidence or known facts

推論 (すいろん), インフェレンス

推論 (すいろん), インフェレンス

Ex: The teacher encouraged students to practice inferences while reading to enhance their comprehension skills .
cognition
[名詞]

the result of a mental processing or understanding

認知, 認識

認知, 認識

deduction
[名詞]

the process of using general rules or ideas to make a specific conclusion

推論 (すいろん), 演繹 (えんえき)

推論 (すいろん), 演繹 (えんえき)

Ex: From the general rule , she made a deduction about what to do next .
facility
[名詞]

the quality of performing tasks or activities with ease and without difficulty

容易さ, 巧みさ

容易さ, 巧みさ

Ex: The engineer facility in solving complex problems with innovative solutions .
instinct
[名詞]

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

本能 (ほんのう), 直感 (ちょっかん)

本能 (ほんのう), 直感 (ちょっかん)

Ex: The swimmerinstinct to hold her breath underwater helped her win the race .
intuition
[名詞]

the ability to understand or perceive something immediately, without conscious reasoning or the need for evidence or justification

直感(ちょっかん), インスピレーション

直感(ちょっかん), インスピレーション

Ex: The detective 's intuition helped solve the case quickly .
genius
[名詞]

an exceptional mental ability or talent that is unique and outstanding

天才 (てんさい), 才能 (さいのう)

天才 (てんさい), 才能 (さいのう)

Ex: The artistgenius for painting moved people deeply .
subconscious
[名詞]

the part of the mind that is not currently in focused awareness, but still influences thoughts, feelings, and behavior, often through automatic or involuntary processes

潜在意識 (せんざい いしき), 無意識 (むいしき)

潜在意識 (せんざい いしき), 無意識 (むいしき)

Ex: The therapist helped him explore the hidden layers of subconscious.
aspiration
[名詞]

a strong will to achieve something

志(こころざし), 願望(がんぼう)

志(こころざし), 願望(がんぼう)

imprudence
[名詞]

the quality of making decisions or taking actions without considering potential risks or consequences

不慎(ふしん), 軽率(けいそつ)

不慎(ふしん), 軽率(けいそつ)

Ex: imprudence in trusting strangers led to a series of unfortunate events .
folly
[名詞]

the quality of behaving in a foolish or reckless manner, often without considering the consequences

愚行(ぐこう), 愚かさ(おろかさ)

愚行(ぐこう), 愚かさ(おろかさ)

Ex: The politician 's public remarks caused widespread controversy and were regarded as folly.
trance
[名詞]

a mental state characterized by a fragile consciousness and reduced ability for voluntary action, often resembling a deep sleep

催眠状態 (すいみんじょうたい), トランス状態 (トランスじょうたい)

催眠状態 (すいみんじょうたい), トランス状態 (トランスじょうたい)

Ex: The hypnotist induced trance to help the patient explore their subconscious thoughts .
ignorance
[名詞]

the fact or state of not having the necessary information, knowledge, or understanding of something

無知(むち), 無知さ(むちさ)

無知(むち), 無知さ(むちさ)

Ex: ignorance of some people about climate change highlights the need for more widespread awareness and education on environmental issues .
delusion
[名詞]

(psychology) a mental condition in which a person has a false belief system that is contradicted by evidence

妄想 (もうそう), 妄念 (もうねん)

妄想 (もうそう), 妄念 (もうねん)

delirium
[名詞]

a state of extreme mental confusion, often accompanied by confused or unclear thoughts or speech

譫妄(せんもう), 錯乱(さくらん)

譫妄(せんもう), 錯乱(さくらん)

insanity
[名詞]

a state of severe mental disorder affecting a person's ability to understand reality, think rationally, or behave in a socially acceptable manner

精神的障害 (せいしんてきしょうがい), 狂気 (きょうき)

精神的障害 (せいしんてきしょうがい), 狂気 (きょうき)

Ex: Legal standards often require a significant cognitive impairment insanity.
incapacity
[名詞]

the lack of intellectual or mental power to do something

無能力, 無知

無能力, 無知

Ex: The patient 's cognitive decline resulted in incapacity to manage their financial affairs and make sound financial decisions .

a perceptual experience in which an individual perceives something that is not present in the external environment

幻覚(げんかく), 錯覚(さっかく)

幻覚(げんかく), 錯覚(さっかく)

Ex: Hallucinations can be a symptom of certain medical conditions , including neurological disorders or brain injuries .
fallacy
[名詞]

a false idea or belief based on invalid arguments, often one that many people think is true

誤謬(ごびゅう), 誤解(ごかい)

誤謬(ごびゅう), 誤解(ごかい)

Ex: The belief that all members of a particular ethnic group are universally untrustworthy is fallacy built on stereotypes and can lead to discrimination and prejudice .

a mistaken or inaccurate belief or understanding about something

誤解(ごかい), 誤認(ごにん)

誤解(ごかい), 誤認(ごにん)

Ex: There 's misconception that all artists are starving or struggling financially .
to neglect
[動詞]

to pay little or no attention to something or someone, often leading to issues or problems

無視する, 怠る

無視する, 怠る

Ex: Neglecting cybersecurity measures in today 's digital age can expose your personal information to potential threats .
to disregard
[動詞]

to intentionally ignore or act without concern for something or someone that deserves consideration

無視する (むしする), 顧みない (かえりみない)

無視する (むしする), 顧みない (かえりみない)

Ex: The manager is disregarding critical feedback , hindering team improvement .

to understand or explain something incorrectly

誤解する, 誤って解釈する

誤解する, 誤って解釈する

Ex: The misinterpreted the artist 's message , creating controversy over the artwork .
to overlook
[動詞]

to not notice or see something

見落とす, 見過ごす

見落とす, 見過ごす

Ex: Be cautious not overlook the signs of wear and tear in equipment maintenance .
oblivious
[形容詞]

lacking conscious awareness of something

無頓着な, 気づかない

無頓着な, 気づかない

Ex: The children oblivious to the time , playing happily in the park long after sunset .
deranged
[形容詞]

incapable of behaving normally or thinking clearly due to mental illness

精神的に障害のある, 狂気の

精神的に障害のある, 狂気の

Ex: After the accident , her mind was deranged that she could n't recognize her own family .
insensible
[形容詞]

not noticing or caring about something

無関心な, 鈍感な

無関心な, 鈍感な

Ex: The politician insensible to public opinion , pursuing unpopular policies .
naive
[形容詞]

lacking experience, wisdom, or understanding about the world, often resulting in being overly trusting or easily deceived

無邪気な, 素朴な

無邪気な, 素朴な

Ex: naive interpretation of the contract terms caused misunderstandings between the parties involved .
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