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Vocabulary for IELTS (Academic) - Society

Here you will learn some English words about society, such as "citizen", "rank", "peer", etc. that are needed for the IELTS exam.

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Words for Academic IELTS
citizen
citizen
[noun]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

Ex: Every citizen has the right to vote in democratic elections. 
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class
class
[noun]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

Ex: Many workers belong to the middle class. 
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diversity
diversity
[noun]

the practice of involving many people from different cultures, social backgrounds, sexual orientations, etc.

Ex: The nonprofit organization promotes diversity by engaging volunteers from diverse backgrounds and experiences. 
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ethnic
ethnic
[Adjective]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

Ex: The neighborhood celebrates its diverse ethnic heritage with cultural festivals and events. 
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middle class

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

Ex: Many middle-class families own their homes. 
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minority
minority
[noun]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

Ex: The festival celebrated the traditions of local minority populations. 
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monarch
monarch
[noun]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

Ex: The monarch’s coronation was a grand ceremony attended by dignitaries from around the world. 
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racism
racism
[noun]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

Ex: She experienced racism at her new job. 
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rank
rank
[noun]

a person's position within a social hierarchy or class

Ex: Nobility held the highest rank in medieval society. 
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sociology
sociology
[noun]

the scientific study of human society, its nature, structure, and development, as well as social behavior

Ex: She decided to study sociology because she was interested in how culture influences people's behaviors. 
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lower class

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

Ex: Many families in the lower class face financial difficulties. 
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anthropology

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

Ex: Sarah decided to major in anthropology to study the diverse cultures and societies around the world. 
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citizenship

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

Ex: Citizenship is the legal status that grants individuals certain rights and responsibilities within a country. 
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civic
civic
[Adjective]

officially relating to or connected with a city or town

Ex: Civic leaders met to discuss plans for improving public infrastructure in the city. 
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demographic

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
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peer
peer
[noun]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

Ex: In high school, he struggled to find peers who shared his passion for classical literature. 
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senior citizen

an old person, especially someone who is retired

Ex: As a senior citizen, he enjoys the discounts offered at local stores and restaurants. 
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inferior
inferior
[Adjective]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

Ex: He felt that his position in the company was inferior to that of his more experienced colleagues. 
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superior
superior
[Adjective]

higher in status or rank in comparison with someone or something else

Ex: As the CEO, she held a superior position in the company hierarchy, overseeing all operations and making strategic decisions. 
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generation

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

Ex: The older generation often reminisces about life before smartphones became ubiquitous. 
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race
race
[noun]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

Ex: While race can be a source of identity and pride for some, it has also been a source of division and oppression throughout history. 
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upper class

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

Ex: The upper class often owns large estates and businesses. 
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working class

a social class that consists of people with low incomes who do manual or industrial work

Ex: The working class fought for better wages. 
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bigot
bigot
[noun]

a person who holds strong opinions about race, religion or politics and is intolerable of differing views

Ex: The politician's speeches revealed him to be a bigot who refused to consider any perspectives other than his own. 
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elite
elite
[noun]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

Ex: The elite gathered at the exclusive club for their annual meeting. 
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feminism
feminism
[noun]

the movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men

Ex: She learned about feminism in school. 
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human right

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

Ex: Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental human right that allows individuals to voice their opinions without fear of censorship or retaliation. 
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majority
majority
[noun]

the larger part or number of a given set or group

Ex: The majority of the committee members voted in favor of the new policy. 
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