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Słownictwo do IELTS General (Wynik 6-7) - Society

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Vocabulary for General Training IELTS (6-7)
segregation
segregation
[Rzeczownik]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

segregacja, apartheid

segregacja, apartheid

Ex: Segregation in schools was common in the southern United States. 
discrimination
discrimination
[Rzeczownik]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

dyskryminacja, segregacja

dyskryminacja, segregacja

Ex: The company faced a lawsuit for discrimination against female employees. 
prejudice
prejudice
[Rzeczownik]

an unreasonable opinion or judgment based on dislike felt for a person, group, etc., particularly because of their race, sex, etc.

uprzedzenie, stronniczość

uprzedzenie, stronniczość

Ex: His remarks revealed a deep-seated prejudice against immigrants. 
bias
bias
[Rzeczownik]

a prejudice that prevents fair consideration of a situation

uprzedzenie, stronniczość

uprzedzenie, stronniczość

Ex: The judge showed bias and didn't treat both sides fairly. 
inequality
inequality
[Rzeczownik]

a situation in which people or groups are not treated equally or fairly

nierówność, niesprawiedliwość

nierówność, niesprawiedliwość

Ex: Inequality exists in many parts of the world. 
revolution
revolution
[Rzeczownik]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

rewolucja

rewolucja

Ex: The revolution led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. 
mobility
mobility
[Rzeczownik]

the ability to move easily or be freely moved from one place, job, etc. to another

mobilność, zdolność do przemieszczania się

mobilność, zdolność do przemieszczania się

Ex: Mobility in the workforce allows employees to find new job opportunities across industries. 
solidarity
solidarity
[Rzeczownik]

the support given by the members of a group to each other because of sharing the same opinions, feelings, goals, etc.

solidarność

solidarność

Ex: The workers stood together in solidarity to demand fair wages and better working conditions. 
welfare
welfare
[Rzeczownik]

a financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.

opieka społeczna, zasiłek

opieka społeczna, zasiłek

Ex: The government increased welfare benefits to support families during the economic downturn. 
ethos
ethos
[Rzeczownik]

the fundamental values and beliefs that influence and guide the behavior and attitudes of a person, group, or organization

etos, podstawowe wartości

etos, podstawowe wartości

Ex: The company’s ethos emphasizes innovation and sustainability. 
ethnicity
ethnicity
[Rzeczownik]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etniczność

etniczność

Ex: The census form asked respondents to indicate their ethnicity. 
demographic
demographic
[Rzeczownik]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demograficzny, cechy demograficzne

demograficzny, cechy demograficzne

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
elite
elite
[Rzeczownik]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

elita

elita

Ex: The elite gathered at the exclusive club for their annual meeting. 
proletariat
proletariat
[Rzeczownik]

the class of people who do physical labor as a job, especially in factories or industries

proletariat, klasa robotnicza

proletariat, klasa robotnicza

Ex: According to Marxist theory, the proletariat represents the working class who do not own the means of production. 
bourgeoisie
bourgeoisie
[Rzeczownik]

the society's middle class

burżuazja

burżuazja

Ex: The bourgeoisie in the 19th century played a significant role in shaping economic and social structures. 
conformity
conformity
[Rzeczownik]

the act of adhering to established norms, protocols, and standardized behaviors within a social system or institution

zgodność, przestrzeganie norm

zgodność, przestrzeganie norm

Ex: The company values conformity to its strict dress code. 
aristocracy
aristocracy
[Rzeczownik]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

arystokracja, szlachta

arystokracja, szlachta

Ex: The event was attended by members of the aristocracy in elegant attire. 
active citizen
active citizen
[Rzeczownik]

an individual who actively participates in and contributes to the civic and social affairs of their community or nation

aktywny obywatel, zaangażowany obywatel

aktywny obywatel, zaangażowany obywatel

marginalization
marginalization
[Rzeczownik]

the social process by which an individual or group is pushed to the edges of society, limiting their access to resources and influence

marginalizacja, wykluczenie społeczne

marginalizacja, wykluczenie społeczne

Ex: Economic policies led to the marginalization of rural communities. 
Generation X
Generation X
[Rzeczownik]

the group of people born during the 1960s and 1970s

Pokolenie X, Generacja X

Pokolenie X, Generacja X

Ex: Many members of Generation X grew up before the internet. 
Generation Y
Generation Y
[Rzeczownik]

the group of people born in the 1980s and early 1990s

Pokolenie Y, Millenialsi

Pokolenie Y, Millenialsi

Ex: Many in Generation Y use digital technology daily. 
Generation Z
Generation Z
[Rzeczownik]

the group of people born in the late 1990s and early 2010s

Pokolenie Z, Pokolenie Z

Pokolenie Z, Pokolenie Z

Ex: Many in Generation Z use smartphones from a young age. 
anthropologist
anthropologist
[Rzeczownik]

a scientist who studies human beings, especially their societies, cultures, languages, and physical development, both past and present

antropolog, etnolog

antropolog, etnolog

Ex: The anthropologist spent years living among the tribe to understand their customs. 
belonging
belonging
[Rzeczownik]

the feeling of being happy or comfortable in a specific situation or group

przynależność, poczucie przynależności

przynależność, poczucie przynależności

Ex: Finding a sense of belonging in a new city can take time, but joining local clubs and groups helps build connections. 
middle class
middle class
[Rzeczownik]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

klasa średnia, burżuazja

klasa średnia, burżuazja

Ex: Many middle-class families own their homes. 
lower class
lower class
[Rzeczownik]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

klasa niższa, niższa klasa

klasa niższa, niższa klasa

Ex: Many families in the lower class face financial difficulties. 
upper class
upper class
[Rzeczownik]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

klasa wyższa, wyższe sfery

klasa wyższa, wyższe sfery

Ex: The upper class often owns large estates and businesses. 
working class
working class
[Rzeczownik]

a social class that consists of people with low incomes who do manual or industrial work

klasa robotnicza, proletariat

klasa robotnicza, proletariat

Ex: The working class fought for better wages. 
protest
protest
[Rzeczownik]

an organized public demonstration expressing strong disapproval of an official policy or action

protest

protest

Ex: Thousands of people gathered for a protest against the new government policy. 
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