Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Engineering and Research

Here you will learn some English words about engineering and research, such as "wire", "switch", "crane", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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apparatus [noun]

tools or machines that are designed for a specific purpose

Ex: The surgical apparatus was sterilized before the operation to prevent infections .

instrument [noun]

a device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used

Ex: The technician calibrated the instrument to ensure it provided precise measurements .

microchip [noun]

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

Ex: Each microchip contains millions of tiny circuits .

telescope [noun]

a piece of equipment by which the far objects, particularly those in space, are made clearly visible

Ex: A telescope can help you see planets that are millions of miles away .

wire [noun]

a long and thin piece of metal that carries an electric current

Ex: A wire was running from the generator to the control panel , ensuring power delivery .

switch [noun]

something such as a button or key that turns a machine, lamp, etc. on or off

Ex: He accidentally bumped into the switch , turning off the power to the computer .

sensor [noun]

a machine or device that detects any changes in the environment and sends the information to other electronic devices

Ex: The car has a sensor that helps it park automatically .

circuit [noun]

the complete circle through which an electric current flows, typically consists of the source of electric energy

Ex:

screw [noun]

a small pointy piece of metal that can be fasten into wooden or metal objects using a screwdriver to hold things together

Ex: She tightened the screws on the chair to prevent it from wobbling .

machinery [noun]

machines, especially large ones, considered collectively

Ex: The factory was filled with heavy machinery , each performing a specific function in the production line .

mechanical [adjective]

(of an object) powered by machinery or an engine

Ex: The mechanical door lock uses a key to engage tumblers and secure the door .

cable [noun]

a group of wires bundled together for transmitting electricity that is protected within a rubber case

Ex: The charging cable for my phone is frayed and needs to be replaced .

crane [noun]

a very large tall machine used for lifting heavy objects

Ex: The firefighters used a specialized crane to rescue the stranded cat from the top of the tree .

capacity [noun]

the quantity that is possible by a machine, etc. to produce

Ex: The company invested in expanding its production capacity to meet growing demand .

to service [verb]

to maintain, repair, or prepare something so that it is fit for use

Ex:

prototype [noun]

an early or preliminary model of something from which other forms are developed or copied

Ex: The designer built a prototype of the innovative chair to showcase its ergonomic benefits and aesthetic appeal .

current [noun]

a flow of electricity resulted from the movement of electrically charged particles in a direction

Ex: Solar panels convert sunlight into electrical current by moving charged particles within the cells .

adapter [noun]

a device used for connecting two pieces of equipment that are not compatible with each other

to model [verb]

to make a representation of something, especially one based on mathematics

Ex: They modeled the chemical reaction to determine the best conditions for the experiment .

laboratory [noun]

a place where people do scientific experiments, manufacture drugs, etc.

Ex: Forensic laboratories analyze evidence collected from crime scenes to aid in investigations .

sample [noun]

a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment

Ex: The doctor requested a urine sample to check for signs of infection .

method [noun]

a specific way or process of doing something, particularly an established or systematic one

Ex: The method of payment for the service can be chosen during checkout .

to conduct [verb]

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

Ex: As the event coordinator , she will conduct the planning and execution of the conference .

evaluation [noun]

a judgment on the quantity and quality of something after careful consideration

Ex: The teacher 's evaluation of the students ' essays focused on both content and writing style .

experimental [adjective]

relating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas

Ex: The experimental research project explored the impact of social media on teenagers ' self-esteem .

finding [noun]

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

Ex: His finding on the chemical reaction led to a breakthrough in the experiment .

hypothesis [noun]

an explanation based on limited facts and evidence that is not yet proved to be true

Ex: Before conducting the study , the team proposed a hypothesis about the effects of the new drug .

guinea pig [noun]

someone on whom scientific experiments are tested

Ex: Using students as guinea pigs for educational experiments without their consent is unethical .

to detect [verb]

to notice or discover something that is difficult to find

Ex: Dogs have a remarkable ability to detect certain scents , aiding in search and rescue missions .

to classify [verb]

to put people or things in different categories or groups

Ex: Can you please classify these items by color ?

discovery [noun]

the act of finding something for the first time and before others

Ex: The discovery of a lost manuscript by a famous author thrilled literary scholars and enthusiasts alike .

archeologist [noun]

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL
Family and Relationships	Stages of Life	Personal Characteristics	Feelings and Emotions
Appearance	Clothing and Fashion	Colors and Shapes	Education
Employment	Language and Grammar	The Human Body	Communication
Travel and Tourism	Transportation	Means of Transportation	The Computer World
Society and Social Issues	Healthcare and Medicine	Medical Examinations and Procedures	Physical Conditions and Injuries
Mental Disorders	Physical Disabilities and Illnesses	Geography	Space
The Environment and Weather	The Animal Kingdom	The Art World	Cinema and Theater
Music	Literature	Broadcasting and Journalism	Food and Restaurant
Diet	Agriculture and Plants	Point of View	Cause and Effect
Certainty and Doubt	Suggestions and Rules	Pride and Prejudice	Houses and Buildings
Hobbies and Games	Shopping	The Economy	The Business World
Success and Failure	Politics	Law and Order	Crime and Punishment
War and Peace	Religion	Biology, Physics, and Chemistry	Mathematics and Measurement
Engineering and Research	Athletics	Time and History