Lingvistika - Pragmatická a diskurzivní analýza

the surrounding linguistic elements that contribute to the interpretation and meaning of a specific expression or utterance

jazykový kontext

the phenomenon in language where the interpretation of certain words or expressions depends on the context of the speaker, listener, and the surrounding situation

deixis

a type of deixis that involves the use of pronouns and verb forms to refer to the participants in a conversation

personální deixis

a type of deixis that involves the use of language to refer to spatial locations, such as indicating the direction, distance, or proximity of objects or places in relation to the speaker or the context of the conversation

prostorová deixis

a type of deixis that involves the use of language to refer to specific points in time, such as indicating the past, present, or future, or expressing temporal relations and sequencing of events

temporální deixis

the representation of someone's words using quotation marks, presenting their exact utterances as they were spoken or written

přímá řeč

the representation of someone's words by reporting or paraphrasing their statements without using direct quotation marks

nepřímá řeč

an utterance or expression that not only conveys meaning but also performs a particular function or action in communication, such as making a request, giving an order, or making a promise

řečový akt

the act of referring to or indicating something or someone in language, where words or expressions are used to point to or denote specific entities, objects, or concepts

reference

a communicative behavior or action that poses a risk to someone's positive face, their desired self-image or social identity, potentially leading to face loss or face-threatening situations.

akt ohrožující tvář

a communicative behavior or action that helps to protect or restore someone's positive face, their desired self-image or social identity, in order to avoid or mitigate face loss or face-threatening situations

akt zachování tváře

a word or phrase, often an idiomatic one

výraz

a speech style characterized by simplified language, exaggerated prosody, repetition, and high pitch, commonly used by caregivers when interacting with infants and young children

projev pečovatele

the natural flow of spoken language where words and sounds are connected together, often resulting in changes in pronunciation, elision of sounds, and modifications in speech patterns

spojená řeč

a linguistic element or phrase used in speech or writing to indicate the structure, organization, or relationship between different parts of a discourse, often serving to facilitate communication and signal the speaker's intentions or attitudes

diskurzní marker

the cognitive and linguistic process of shaping and presenting information in a particular way to influence how people perceive and interpret it

rámcování

a conversation or exchange of ideas between two or more individuals, typically characterized by turn-taking, interactive communication, and mutual understanding

dialog

the use of language in a larger context, including conversations, written texts, and social interactions, where meaning is constructed and communicated through the organization and flow of language

diskurz

the interconnectedness and referencing of texts, where one text refers to or influences another, creating layers of meaning and a complex web of relationships between texts

intertextualita

anything that is in written form

text

language, words, or expressions that convey a negative or derogatory connotation and are intended to belittle, criticize, or insult someone or something

pejorativ

the process by which participants in a conversation alternate speaking and listening, following certain rules and cues to facilitate smooth and coherent communication

střídání rolí

a linguistic device used to express uncertainty or vagueness, often through words or phrases that indicate a lack of commitment or certainty in one's statement

hedge

the meaning that is inferred or implied by a speaker in a conversation, beyond the literal or explicit meaning of the words used, relying on context and shared knowledge between the participants

implicatura

the overall sense of unity, logic, and connectedness in a text or discourse, where the ideas, information, and elements are organized and presented in a clear and meaningful way

koherence

the linguistic mechanisms used to create connections and coherence within a text by employing various cohesive devices and techniques

koheze

a specific linguistic element or device that connects different parts of a text, contributing to the overall coherence and unity of the discourse

koheze

the use of an indirect expression to describe something

obezličnost

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemismus

the deliberate use of ambiguous language or expressions to avoid making a clear or definite statement

ekvivokace

(linguistics) the prelinguistic practice of expressing a whole idea in a single word

holophrase

a word or phrase that is not formal or literary and is used in everyday conversations

hovorový výraz

the humorous and incorrect use of a word that sounds similar to the intended word

malapropismus

a unit of speech or writing that is complete and coherent, usually consisting of one or more words and conveying a specific meaning or message

výrok

(linguistics) the redundant use of words in a way that might be considered a fault of style, or to create an emphatic effect

pleonasmus

(linguistics) the separation of parts of a compound word by insertion of one or more words, often in informal speech

tměsíš

a question that is not meant to be answered, but is instead used to make a point or to create emphasis or effect

rétorická otázka

a type of interrogative sentence that is asked not to obtain information but rather to make a statement or express an attitude

display otázka

a type of interrogative sentence that seeks specific information or references a particular entity, object, or concept

referenční otázka

the emphasis or prominence placed on a particular element or information in a sentence or discourse

důraz

a wordplay or joke that relies on the use of multiple languages, often involving the similarity or ambiguity of words or phrases in different languages to create humorous or clever effects

bilingvní hříčka

the verbal and non-verbal cues, such as nodding, "uh-huh," or other short responses, that listeners use to indicate their engagement and understanding during a conversation

záložní kanál

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

přísloví

a word or expression that relies on the context of the utterance for its interpretation, particularly in terms of spatial, temporal, or personal reference

deiktikum