Lingvistika - Sémantika
Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související se sémantikou, jako je „synonymie“, „epithet“ a „signifier“.
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the relationship between words or expressions that have similar or identical meanings, or nearly identical meanings, in a particular context or language
![synonymie](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
synonymie
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the relationship between words or expressions that have opposite or contrasting meanings
![antonymie](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
antonymie
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a hierarchical relationship between words, where one word (the hyponym) represents a more specific or subordinate category within the meaning of another word (the hypernym)
![hyponymie](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
hyponymie
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
an exemplary representation of a category that embodies its essential features and serves as a reference for evaluating other members of the category
![prototyp](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
prototyp
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a linguistic phenomenon where words share the same form (spelling or pronunciation) but have different meanings, contributing to lexical ambiguity and requiring context for proper interpretation
![homonymie](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
homonymie
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a linguistic phenomenon where different words have the same or similar pronunciation but may have different spellings and meanings, resulting in potential confusion and ambiguity in oral communication
![homofonie](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
homofonie
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the phenomenon in language where a single word has multiple related meanings or senses
![polysémie](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
polysémie
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a type of figurative language that involves the unconventional or strained use of words, often resulting in an unexpected or exaggerated expression
![katachréze](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
katachréze
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the extent or range of meaning that a word, phrase, or grammatical construction has within a sentence or discourse
![rozsah](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
rozsah
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the way in which language expresses the speaker's or writer's attitude, opinion, or degree of certainty regarding a statement or proposition
![metoda](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
metoda
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a graphical representation or structure that depicts relationships between concepts or entities in a language or knowledge domain
![sémantickou síť](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
sémantickou síť
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the specific meaning or interpretation of a word in a given context or language
![smysl slova](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
smysl slova
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the study of how one word's meaning represents a specific way or type of another word's meaning within a particular category or field of language
![troponymie](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
troponymie
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a grammatical concept that represents the relationship between a noun phrase and the action or state described by a verb, indicating the role or function of the noun phrase in the event or situation
![tematická role](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
tematická role
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a psychological phenomenon where repeated exposure to a word or phrase leads to a temporary loss of its meaning or sense of familiarity
![sémantické nasycení](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
sémantické nasycení
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a sequence of words or terms in a text that are semantically related or connected by their meaning
![lexikální řetězec](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
lexikální řetězec
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a group or set of words that are related in meaning and share a common semantic theme or category
![sémantické pole](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
sémantické pole
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the connections or associations between words or concepts based on their meaning
![sémantický vztah](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
sémantický vztah
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a cognitive mechanism in which abstract or complex ideas are understood and expressed in terms of more concrete or familiar concepts
![konceptuální metafora](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
konceptuální metafora
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a cognitive process in which one concept is understood or represented in terms of another concept based on a conceptual or cognitive association between them, often involving contiguity or a part-whole relationship
![konceptuální metonymie](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
konceptuální metonymie
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a grammatical role or semantic role that refers to the entity that performs or initiates an action or event in a sentence or a clause
![činidlo](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
činidlo
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a process where the meaning of a word or concept expands or becomes more inclusive, encompassing a wider range of referents or interpretations than its original or core meaning
![rozšíření](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
rozšíření
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a word or phrase applied to something to convey its character or essence in a descriptive sense
![titul](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
titul
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the specific sense or interpretation attributed to a word in a particular context
![význam slova](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
význam slova
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a situation where a language lacks a specific word or lexical item to express a particular concept or meaning
![náhodná mezera](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
náhodná mezera
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a word that carries semantic meaning and contributes to the overall content and understanding of a sentence, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
![obsahové slovo](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
obsahové slovo
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a linguistic concept that describes the relationship between a word that represents a whole object and a word that represents a part or subset of that object
![meronymie](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
meronymie
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a structured system of signs, symbols, or codes that are used to communicate meaning within a particular context or domain
![znakový systém](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
znakový systém
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a type of definition that uses the term being defined as part of the definition itself, resulting in an uninformative or logically flawed explanation
![kruhová definice](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
kruhová definice
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the act or process of explaining the meaning of a word, concept, or term
![definice](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
definice
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a term used in semantics and linguistics to refer to a word that represents a whole or complete entity, while its parts are referred to as meronyms.
![holonym](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
holonym
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
(grammar) one of two or more words that are spelled the same but differ in meaning
![homograf](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
homograf
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a word or phrase that describes or provides information about something
![deskriptor](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
deskriptor
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the objective and dictionary-based meaning of a word, representing its core and universally accepted definition
![denotát](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
denotát
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a feeling or an idea suggested by a word aside from its literal or primary meaning
![konotace](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
konotace
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the condition when a word, phrase, or concept from one language lacks an equivalent or precise translation in another language due to cultural, linguistic, or contextual differences
![nepřeložitelnost](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
nepřeložitelnost
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a word or phrase that belongs to the same semantic field as another word or phrase and shares the same hypernym, representing a distinct subcategory or specific instance within that field
![ko-hyponymum](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
ko-hyponymum
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a word that is more general and encompasses a broader category of related terms
![slovo s širším významem nebo použitím](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
slovo s širším významem nebo použitím
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a semantic role that refers to the entity or object that is used to carry out or perform an action denoted by the verb in a sentence
![nástroj](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
nástroj
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the additional connotations or associations that a word or expression may evoke beyond its literal or primary meaning
![asociativní význam](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
asociativní význam
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the abstract understanding and mental representation associated with a word or expression
![pojmový význam](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
pojmový význam
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the minimal, irreducible unit of meaning within a word
![sémantický kořen](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
sémantický kořen
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the condition in which a word or expression has only one primary or dominant meaning, without significant ambiguity or variation in interpretation. It contrasts with polysemy, where a word has multiple related meanings
![monosémie](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
monosémie
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a unit or entity that carries meaning and represents a concept, idea, or object, often through a system of arbitrary associations between the signifier and the signified
![znamení](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
znamení
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the physical or perceptible form of a sign, such as a word, sound, image, or gesture, that represents or signifies a particular meaning or concept
![označující](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
označující
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the concept, meaning, or idea that a sign represents or signifies
![znamenalo](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
znamenalo
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
the entity that undergoes or experiences an action or change as a result of an event
![pacient](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
pacient
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a semantic role assigned to the entity that undergoes an emotional or perceptual experience, such as feeling, sensing, or perceiving something
![prožívající](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
prožívající
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a role assigned to the entity that represents the target or endpoint of an action or movement
![gól](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
gól
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a role assigned to the entity that represents the starting point or origin of an action or movement
![zdroj](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
zdroj
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a thematic role associated with a noun phrase that indicates the place or position where an action or state occurs
![umístění](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
umístění
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
(semantics) the person who benefits from an action in a sentence
![příjemce](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
příjemce
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
a thematic role associated with a noun phrase that represents the entity to whom something is given or transferred
![příjemce](https://api.langeek.co/v1/assets/flags/cz.png)
příjemce
![Google Translate](/assets/icons/google_translate.png)
![LanGeek](/assets/logo/langeek-mono-small.png)