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Lingvistika - Sémantika
Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související se sémantikou, jako je „synonymie“, „epithet“ a „signifier“.
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Kvíz
the relationship between words or expressions that have similar or identical meanings, or nearly identical meanings, in a particular context or language
synonymie
the relationship between words or expressions that have opposite or contrasting meanings
antonymie
a hierarchical relationship between words, where one word (the hyponym) represents a more specific or subordinate category within the meaning of another word (the hypernym)
hyponymie
an exemplary representation of a category that embodies its essential features and serves as a reference for evaluating other members of the category
prototyp
a linguistic phenomenon where words share the same form (spelling or pronunciation) but have different meanings, contributing to lexical ambiguity and requiring context for proper interpretation
homonymie
a linguistic phenomenon where different words have the same or similar pronunciation but may have different spellings and meanings, resulting in potential confusion and ambiguity in oral communication
homofonie
the phenomenon in language where a single word has multiple related meanings or senses
polysémie
a type of figurative language that involves the unconventional or strained use of words, often resulting in an unexpected or exaggerated expression
katachréze
the extent or range of meaning that a word, phrase, or grammatical construction has within a sentence or discourse
rozsah
the way in which language expresses the speaker's or writer's attitude, opinion, or degree of certainty regarding a statement or proposition
metoda
a graphical representation or structure that depicts relationships between concepts or entities in a language or knowledge domain
sémantickou síť
the specific meaning or interpretation of a word in a given context or language
smysl slova
the study of how one word's meaning represents a specific way or type of another word's meaning within a particular category or field of language
troponymie
a grammatical concept that represents the relationship between a noun phrase and the action or state described by a verb, indicating the role or function of the noun phrase in the event or situation
tematická role
a psychological phenomenon where repeated exposure to a word or phrase leads to a temporary loss of its meaning or sense of familiarity
sémantické nasycení
a sequence of words or terms in a text that are semantically related or connected by their meaning
lexikální řetězec
a group or set of words that are related in meaning and share a common semantic theme or category
sémantické pole
the connections or associations between words or concepts based on their meaning
sémantický vztah
a cognitive mechanism in which abstract or complex ideas are understood and expressed in terms of more concrete or familiar concepts
konceptuální metafora
a cognitive process in which one concept is understood or represented in terms of another concept based on a conceptual or cognitive association between them, often involving contiguity or a part-whole relationship
konceptuální metonymie
a grammatical role or semantic role that refers to the entity that performs or initiates an action or event in a sentence or a clause
činidlo
a process where the meaning of a word or concept expands or becomes more inclusive, encompassing a wider range of referents or interpretations than its original or core meaning
rozšíření
a word or phrase applied to something to convey its character or essence in a descriptive sense
titul
the specific sense or interpretation attributed to a word in a particular context
význam slova
a situation where a language lacks a specific word or lexical item to express a particular concept or meaning
náhodná mezera
a word that carries semantic meaning and contributes to the overall content and understanding of a sentence, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
obsahové slovo
a linguistic concept that describes the relationship between a word that represents a whole object and a word that represents a part or subset of that object
meronymie
a structured system of signs, symbols, or codes that are used to communicate meaning within a particular context or domain
znakový systém
a type of definition that uses the term being defined as part of the definition itself, resulting in an uninformative or logically flawed explanation
kruhová definice
the act or process of explaining the meaning of a word, concept, or term
definice
a term used in semantics and linguistics to refer to a word that represents a whole or complete entity, while its parts are referred to as meronyms.
holonym
(grammar) one of two or more words that are spelled the same but differ in meaning
homograf
a word or phrase that describes or provides information about something
deskriptor
the objective and dictionary-based meaning of a word, representing its core and universally accepted definition
denotát
a feeling or an idea suggested by a word aside from its literal or primary meaning
konotace
the condition when a word, phrase, or concept from one language lacks an equivalent or precise translation in another language due to cultural, linguistic, or contextual differences
nepřeložitelnost
a word or phrase that belongs to the same semantic field as another word or phrase and shares the same hypernym, representing a distinct subcategory or specific instance within that field
ko-hyponymum
a word that is more general and encompasses a broader category of related terms
slovo s širším významem nebo použitím
a semantic role that refers to the entity or object that is used to carry out or perform an action denoted by the verb in a sentence
nástroj
the additional connotations or associations that a word or expression may evoke beyond its literal or primary meaning
asociativní význam
the abstract understanding and mental representation associated with a word or expression
pojmový význam
the minimal, irreducible unit of meaning within a word
sémantický kořen
the condition in which a word or expression has only one primary or dominant meaning, without significant ambiguity or variation in interpretation. It contrasts with polysemy, where a word has multiple related meanings
monosémie
a unit or entity that carries meaning and represents a concept, idea, or object, often through a system of arbitrary associations between the signifier and the signified
znamení
the physical or perceptible form of a sign, such as a word, sound, image, or gesture, that represents or signifies a particular meaning or concept
označující
the concept, meaning, or idea that a sign represents or signifies
znamenalo
the entity that undergoes or experiences an action or change as a result of an event
pacient
a semantic role assigned to the entity that undergoes an emotional or perceptual experience, such as feeling, sensing, or perceiving something
prožívající
a role assigned to the entity that represents the target or endpoint of an action or movement
gól
a role assigned to the entity that represents the starting point or origin of an action or movement
zdroj
a thematic role associated with a noun phrase that indicates the place or position where an action or state occurs
umístění
(semantics) the person who benefits from an action in a sentence
příjemce
a thematic role associated with a noun phrase that represents the entity to whom something is given or transferred
příjemce
