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Lingvistika - Semantics
Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související se sémantikou, jako je „synonymie“, „epithet“ a „signifier“.
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the relationship between words or expressions that have similar or identical meanings, or nearly identical meanings, in a particular context or language
synonymie
the relationship between words or expressions that have opposite or contrasting meanings
antonysm
a hierarchical relationship between words, where one word, the hyponym, represents a more specific or subordinate category within the meaning of another word, the hypernym
hyponymie, vztah hyponymie
the most typical example of a category that represents its common features
prototyp, archetyp
a linguistic phenomenon where words share the same form but have different meanings, contributing to lexical ambiguity and requiring context for proper interpretation
homonymie
a linguistic phenomenon where different words have the same or similar pronunciation but may have different spellings and meanings, resulting in potential confusion and ambiguity in oral communication
homomorie, lingvistická homofonie
the phenomenon in language where a single word has multiple related meanings or senses
polisémie, mnohoznačnost
a type of figurative language that involves the unconventional or strained use of words, often resulting in an unexpected or exaggerated expression
katachrése, katachréza
the extent or range of meaning that a word, phrase, or grammatical construction has within a sentence or discourse
rozsah, oblast
the way in which language expresses the speaker's or writer's attitude, opinion, or degree of certainty regarding a statement or proposition
modalita
a graphical representation or structure that depicts relationships between concepts or entities in a language or knowledge domain
sémantická síť, graf sémantiky
the specific meaning or interpretation of a word in a given context or language
význam slova, smysl slova
the study of how one word's meaning represents a specific way or type of another word's meaning within a particular category or field of language
troponymie
a grammatical concept that represents the relationship between a noun phrase and the action or state described by a verb, indicating the role or function of the noun phrase in the event or situation
tematická role, funkce tématu
a psychological phenomenon where repeated exposure to a word or phrase leads to a temporary loss of its meaning or sense of familiarity
sémantická saturace, saturace významu
a sequence of words or terms in a text that are semantically related or connected by their meaning
lexikální řetězec, lexikální posloupnost
a group or set of words that are related in meaning and share a common semantic theme or category
semafické pole, sémantický okruh
the connections or associations between words or concepts based on their meaning
sémantický vztah, sémantická souvislost
a cognitive mechanism in which abstract or complex ideas are understood and expressed in terms of more concrete or familiar concepts
konceptuální metafora, kognitivní metafora
a cognitive process in which one concept is understood or represented in terms of another concept based on a conceptual or cognitive association between them, often involving contiguity or a part-whole relationship
konceptuální metonymie, kognitivní metonymie
a grammatical role or semantic role that refers to the entity that performs or initiates an action or event in a sentence or a clause
agent, činitel
a process where the meaning of a word or concept expands or becomes more inclusive, encompassing a wider range of referents or interpretations than its original or core meaning
rozšiřování
a word or phrase applied to something to convey its character or essence in a descriptive sense
epitet, popisné slovo
the specific sense or interpretation attributed to a word in a particular context
význam slova, smysl
a situation where a language lacks a specific word or lexical item to express a particular concept or meaning
náhodná mezera, neúmyslná mezera
a word that carries semantic meaning and contributes to the overall content and understanding of a sentence, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
obsahové slovo, lexikální slovo
a linguistic concept that describes the relationship between a word that represents a whole object and a word that represents a part or subset of that object
meronymie
a structured system of signs, symbols, or codes that are used to communicate meaning within a particular context or domain
systém znaků, systém signálů
a type of definition that uses the term being defined as part of the definition itself, resulting in an uninformative or logically flawed explanation
ciklové vymezení, cirkulární definice
the act or process of explaining the meaning of a word, concept, or term
definice
a term used in semantics and linguistics to refer to a word that represents a whole or complete entity, while its parts are referred to as meronyms
holonym
(grammar) one of two or more words that are spelled the same but differ in meaning
homograf
a word or phrase that describes or provides information about something
deskriptor, popisující slovo
the objective and dictionary-based meaning of a word, representing its core and universally accepted definition
denotace, význam
a feeling or an idea suggested by a word aside from its literal or primary meaning
konotace, podtext
the condition when a word, phrase, or concept from one language lacks an equivalent or precise translation in another language due to cultural, linguistic, or contextual differences
nepřeložitelnost, nepřeložitelnost pojmu
a word or phrase that belongs to the same semantic field as another word or phrase and shares the same hypernym, representing a distinct subcategory or specific instance within that field
co-hyponym, co-hyperonym
a word that is more general and encompasses a broader category of related terms
hyperonym, obecné slovo
a semantic role that refers to the entity or object that is used to carry out or perform an action denoted by the verb in a sentence
nástroj
the additional connotations or associations that a word or expression may evoke beyond its literal or primary meaning
asociativní význam, asociativní smysl
the basic and direct meaning of a word or phrase, representing the ideas it conveys
konceptuální význam, konceptuální smysl
the minimal, irreducible unit of meaning within a word
smyslový kořen, sémantická jednotka
the condition in which a word or expression has only one primary or dominant meaning, without significant ambiguity or variation in interpretation
monosemie, jednoznačnost
a unit or entity that carries meaning and represents a concept, idea, or object, often through a system of arbitrary associations between the signifier and the signified
znak, symbole
the physical or perceptible form of a sign, such as a word, sound, image, or gesture, that represents or signifies a particular meaning or concept
signifikant, značící
the concept, meaning, or idea that a sign represents or signifies
signifikát, význam
the entity that undergoes or experiences an action or change as a result of an event
pacient, oběť
a semantic role assigned to the entity that undergoes an emotional or perceptual experience, such as feeling, sensing, or perceiving something
prožívající, prožitek
a role assigned to the entity that represents the target or endpoint of an action or movement
cíl, úkol
a role assigned to the entity that represents the starting point or origin of an action or movement
zdroj, původ
a thematic role associated with a noun phrase that indicates the place or position where an action or state occurs
umístění, lokace
(semantics) the person who benefits from an action in a sentence
příjemce, beneficient
a thematic role associated with a noun phrase that represents the entity to whom something is given or transferred
příjemce, recipient
