Lingvistika - Morfologie a lexikologie

the shortened form of a word, etc.

zkratka, zkrácení

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

afixace, fixace

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afix, prefix/sufix

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

zkrácení, kontrakce

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

předpona

the last part of a word, added to the main part

přípona, konec

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

přípona, koncovka

an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of a group of words, which can be pronounced as a word

akronym

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

směsění, fúze

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numero-nym, numeronimy

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

vázaný morfém, závislý morfém

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circumfix

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfixace

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogie, jazyková analogie

the process of inventing a word

vytváření slov, neologismus

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

kořen, základ

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

kořen, jádro

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

volný morfém, nezávislý morfém

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infikse

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

klitika, klitický prvek

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

tvorba slov, slovotvorný proces

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexém, lexikální jednotka

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derivace, tvorba

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flexe, skloňování

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

zpětná tvorba, regenerace

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

kompozice, složení

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

konverze, změna

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

paradigma, model

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

lexikon, slovník

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

zkracování, skracování

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hypokorismus

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemizace, morfemizování

a morphological process in language where affixes are added to a root or base word in a clear, one-to-one fashion, each affix typically expressing a single grammatical or semantic meaning, resulting in a string of affixes attached to the root without any change in the affixes themselves

aglutinační proces, lingvistická aglutinační

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

lexikální morfém, morfeом obsahu

all the words used in a particular language or subject

slovní zásoba

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derivát, odvozené slovo

the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

základ, kořen

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalizace, jazyková nominalizace

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexikalizace, lexikalizace

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutiv, zmenšovací forma

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologismus

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

duchovní slovo, neexistující slovo

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudoslovo, fiktivní slovo

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

slovo pro jednorázové použití, termín pro konkrétní situaci

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, hapax

the smallest meaningful unit of language that carries a distinct semantic or grammatical function and cannot be further divided into smaller parts with independent meaning

morfém, morf

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfém

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

funkční morfém, gramatický morfém

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

lexikální jednotka, lexém

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

portmanteau slovo, slovo složené

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

lexis, slovní zásoba

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

slovo, termín

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kolokace, kombinace slov

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, výraz

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

lexikální ambivalence, lexikální nejednoznačnost

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

redupikace, zdvojení

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blokování, překážka

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

lexikální pravidlo, lexikální zásada

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, vymyšlené slovo

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

fono-semantické shodě, fono-semantické odpovídání