pattern

Lingvistika - Morfologie a lexikologie

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s morfologií a lexikologií, jako jsou "afix", "kmen" a "lexém".

Revize

Kartičky

Pravopis

Kvíz

Začněte se učit
Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation
abbreviation
[Podstatné jméno]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

zkratka, abreviace

zkratka, abreviace

Ex: The abbreviation 'CEO' stands for Chief Executive Officer. 
affixation
affixation
[Podstatné jméno]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

afixace, proces afixace

afixace, proces afixace

affix
affix
[Podstatné jméno]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afix, přípona/předpona

afix, přípona/předpona

Ex: English grammar includes prefixes and suffixes as types of affixes. 
contraction
contraction
[Podstatné jméno]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

kontrakce, zkrácená forma

kontrakce, zkrácená forma

Ex: In casual speech, contractions like "don't" and "didn't" are frequently used. 
prefix
prefix
[Podstatné jméno]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

předpona

předpona

Ex: Understanding common prefixes, such as 'pre-' and 'dis-,' can help students decode unfamiliar words. 
ending
ending
[Podstatné jméno]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

koncovka, přípona

koncovka, přípona

suffix
suffix
[Podstatné jméno]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

přípona, koncovka

přípona, koncovka

Ex: Adding the suffix '-ly' to 'quick' changes the word to 'quickly,' turning it into an adverb. 
acronym
acronym
[Podstatné jméno]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

akronym, zkratka

akronym, zkratka

Ex: NASA is an acronym for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
blending
blending
[Podstatné jméno]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

míchání, fúze

míchání, fúze

numeronym
numeronym
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeronym, číselná zkratka

numeronym, číselná zkratka

bound morpheme
bound morpheme
[Podstatné jméno]

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

vázaný morfém, závislý morfém

vázaný morfém, závislý morfém

circumfix
circumfix
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

cirkumfix, afix cirkumfix

cirkumfix, afix cirkumfix

transfixation
transfixation
[Podstatné jméno]

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfixace, morfologická vsuvka

transfixace, morfologická vsuvka

analogy
analogy
[Podstatné jméno]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogie, podobnost

analogie, podobnost

Ex: The analogy between "sing" and "sang" helps learners understand verb changes. 
coinage
coinage
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of inventing a word

neologismus, tvorba slov

neologismus, tvorba slov

stem
stem
[Podstatné jméno]

(in linguistics) the base form of a word after removing affixes

kořen, základ

kořen, základ

Ex: In "unhappiness," the stem is "happy." 
root
root
[Podstatné jméno]

(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes

kořen, základ

kořen, základ

Ex: "Kind" is the root of "kindness." 
free morpheme
free morpheme
[Podstatné jméno]

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

volná morféma, nezávislé slovo

volná morféma, nezávislé slovo

infix
infix
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infix, vložený vázaný morfém

infix, vložený vázaný morfém

clitic
clitic
[Podstatné jméno]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

klitikon, klitický prvek

klitikon, klitický prvek

word formation
word formation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

tvoření slov, lexikální derivace

tvoření slov, lexikální derivace

lexeme
lexeme
[Podstatné jméno]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexém, základní jazyková jednotka

lexém, základní jazyková jednotka

Ex: A lexeme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, encompassing both a word and all its inflected forms. 
derivation
derivation
[Podstatné jméno]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derivace, tvoření slov

derivace, tvoření slov

inflection
inflection
[Podstatné jméno]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flexe, koncovka

flexe, koncovka

Ex: Verb inflection in English shows tense, as in "walk" vs. "walked." 
back-formation
back-formation
[Podstatné jméno]

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

zpětná tvorba, regresivní derivace

zpětná tvorba, regresivní derivace

compounding
compounding
[Podstatné jméno]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

skládání, proces tvorby složených slov

skládání, proces tvorby složených slov

conversion
conversion
[Podstatné jméno]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

konverze, nepravá derivace

konverze, nepravá derivace

paradigm
paradigm
[Podstatné jméno]

a structured set showing how a word changes to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, or case

paradigma, skloňovací tabulka

paradigma, skloňovací tabulka

Ex: The verb run has the paradigm: run, runs, ran, running. 
lexicon
lexicon
[Podstatné jméno]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

lexikon, slovní zásoba

lexikon, slovní zásoba

Ex: The lexicon of a language encompasses all the words and phrases that speakers use to communicate meaning. 
clipping
clipping
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

zkrácení, ořezávání

zkrácení, ořezávání

Ex: Clipping is a morphological process in linguistics where a longer word is shortened without changing its meaning, often resulting in a more casual or familiar term. 
hypocorism
hypocorism
[Podstatné jméno]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hypokorismus, zdrobnělina

hypokorismus, zdrobnělina

Ex: Hypocorism is the use of a pet name or affectionate form of a proper name, often involving a diminutive or altered version of the original name. 
morphemization
morphemization
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemizace, proces morfemizace

morfemizace, proces morfemizace

agglutination
agglutination
[Podstatné jméno]

a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

aglutinace, proces aglutinace

aglutinace, proces aglutinace

lexical morpheme
lexical morpheme
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

lexikální morfém, lexém

lexikální morfém, lexém

vocabulary
vocabulary
[Podstatné jméno]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

slovní zásoba, lexikon

slovní zásoba, lexikon

Ex: His vocabulary in Spanish is quite extensive for a beginner. 
derivative
derivative
[Podstatné jméno]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

odvozenina, odvozené slovo

odvozenina, odvozené slovo

Ex: The word "happiness" is a derivative of "happy." 
base
base
[Podstatné jméno]

(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

základ, kořen

základ, kořen

Ex: In "unhappiness," the base is "happy." 
nominalization
nominalization
[Podstatné jméno]

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalizace, substantivizace

nominalizace, substantivizace

lexicalization
lexicalization
[Podstatné jméno]

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexikalizace, proces lexikalizace

lexikalizace, proces lexikalizace

diminutive
diminutive
[Podstatné jméno]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

zdrobnělina, láskyplné slovo

zdrobnělina, láskyplné slovo

Ex: The word “duckling” is a diminutive of “duck.” 
protologism
protologism
[Podstatné jméno]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologismus, nově vytvořené slovo

protologismus, nově vytvořené slovo

ghost word
ghost word
[Podstatné jméno]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

přízračné slovo, chybné slovo

přízračné slovo, chybné slovo

pseudoword
pseudoword
[Podstatné jméno]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudoslovo, fiktivní slovo

pseudoslovo, fiktivní slovo

nonce word
nonce word
[Podstatné jméno]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

příležitostné slovo, pomíjivý neologismus

příležitostné slovo, pomíjivý neologismus

hapax legomenon
hapax legomenon
[Podstatné jméno]

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, slovo nebo forma

hapax legomenon, slovo nebo forma

morph
morph
[Podstatné jméno]

the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning

morfém, morph

morfém, morph

Ex: The plural suffix -s is a morph indicating more than one. 
morpheme
morpheme
[Podstatné jméno]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfém, nejmenší významová jednotka

morfém, nejmenší významová jednotka

Ex: In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning or grammatical function in a language. 
functional morpheme
functional morpheme
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

funkční morfém, gramatický morfém

funkční morfém, gramatický morfém

lexical unit
lexical unit
[Podstatné jméno]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

lexikální jednotka, lexikální prvek

lexikální jednotka, lexikální prvek

portmanteau word
portmanteau word
[Podstatné jméno]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

slovní hybrid, portmanteau slovo

slovní hybrid, portmanteau slovo

Ex: The term "brunch" is a portmanteau word that combines "breakfast" and "lunch." 
lexis
lexis
[Podstatné jméno]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

lexikum, slovní zásoba

lexikum, slovní zásoba

word
word
[Podstatné jméno]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

slovo, výraz

slovo, výraz

Ex: The word "friendship" holds a special meaning for her. 
collocation
collocation
[Podstatné jméno]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kolokace, kombinace slov

kolokace, kombinace slov

Ex: In language learning, understanding collocations helps in using words in their most natural and common combinations. 
idiom
idiom
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, idiomatický výraz

idiom, idiomatický výraz

Ex: The idiom 'kick the bucket' means to die, and its meaning is quite different from the literal interpretation of kicking a bucket. 
lexical ambiguity
lexical ambiguity
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

lexikální nejednoznačnost, mnohoznačnost

lexikální nejednoznačnost, mnohoznačnost

reduplication
reduplication
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplikace, zdvojení

reduplikace, zdvojení

Ex: Reduplication is a morphological process in linguistics where a part or the entirety of a word is repeated to convey grammatical or semantic changes. 
blocking
blocking
[Podstatné jméno]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blokování, překážka

blokování, překážka

lexical rule
lexical rule
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

lexikální pravidlo, lexikální princip

lexikální pravidlo, lexikální princip

sniglet
sniglet
[Podstatné jméno]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, hravě vymyšlené slovo

sniglet, hravě vymyšlené slovo

phono-semantic matching
phono-semantic matching
[Podstatné jméno]

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

fonosemantické přiřazení, zvukově-významová shoda

fonosemantické přiřazení, zvukově-významová shoda

LanGeek
Stáhnout aplikaci LanGeek