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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic - Test 3 - Čtení - Úryvek 1

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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic
sculptor
sculptor
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who makes works of art by carving or shaping stone, wood, clay, metal, etc. into different forms

sochař, kamenosochař

sochař, kamenosochař

Ex: The community commissioned the sculptor to create a public art installation that would reflect the city's cultural heritage and identity. 

Společnost pověřila sochaře vytvořením veřejné umělecké instalace, která by odrážela kulturní dědictví a identitu města.

leading
leading
[Přídavné jméno]

greatest in significance, importance, degree, or achievement

vedoucí, hlavní

vedoucí, hlavní

Ex: The company's leading product dominates the market, setting the standard for quality and innovation. 
figure
figure
[Podstatné jméno]

a person of importance, fame, or public recognition

osobnost, postava

osobnost, postava

Ex: Nelson Mandela was a key figure in world history. 
grammar school
grammar school
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of secondary school in the UK that traditionally provided education in classical languages and literature, as well as mathematics and sciences

klasická střední škola, gramatická škola

klasická střední škola, gramatická škola

Ex: The debate over grammar schools continues as policymakers discuss their role in modern education systems and strategies for improving social mobility. 

Debata o gramatických školách pokračuje, zatímco tvůrci politik diskutují o jejich roli v moderních vzdělávacích systémech a strategiích pro zlepšení sociální mobility.

to comply
to comply
[sloveso]

to act according to a rule, law, order, or request

dodržovat,  vyhovět

dodržovat, vyhovět

Ex: The building was modified to comply with new fire safety standards. 
to abandon
to abandon
[sloveso]

to no longer continue something altogether

opustit, zanechat

opustit, zanechat

Ex: The company abandoned the project because of rising costs. 
to enroll
to enroll
[sloveso]

to officially register oneself or someone else as a participant in a course, school, etc.

zapsat se, přihlásit se

zapsat se, přihlásit se

Ex: She decided to enroll in a cooking class. 

Rozhodla se přihlásit do kurzu vaření.

to appoint
to appoint
[sloveso]

to give a responsibility or job to someone

jmenovat, ustanovit

jmenovat, ustanovit

Ex: The manager decided to appoint a new team leader to oversee the project. 
to award
to award
[sloveso]

to recognize someone's achievements by giving them something such as an official prize, payment, etc.

udělit, ocenit

udělit, ocenit

Ex: The judges awarded first prize to a young photographer. 
scholarship
scholarship
[Podstatné jméno]

a sum of money given by an educational institution to someone with great ability in order to financially support their education

stipendium, studijní stipendium

stipendium, studijní stipendium

Ex: The university offers several scholarships to students from low-income backgrounds. 
instruction
instruction
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of teaching someone a subject or skill

výuka, instrukce

výuka, instrukce

Ex: The course offers instruction in basic chemistry. 
to range
to range
[sloveso]

to have or include a variety of what is mentioned

zahrnovat, lišit se

zahrnovat, lišit se

Ex: The store's inventory ranges from clothing and accessories to electronics and home goods. 
primitive
primitive
[Přídavné jméno]

very simple, basic, or lacking modern technology and conveniences

primitivní,  jednoduchý

primitivní, jednoduchý

Ex: The explorers lived in primitive conditions for several months. 
to turn away
to turn away
[sloveso]

to move away from one's area of interest or original path

odvrátit se, uchýlit se

odvrátit se, uchýlit se

Ex: Faced with resistance, the manager decided to turn away from the original plan and consider alternative solutions. 

Tváří v tvář odporu se manažer rozhodl odvrátit od původního plánu a zvážit alternativní řešení.

cast
cast
[Podstatné jméno]

an object produced by pouring liquid material into a mold and letting it solidify

odlitek, litina

odlitek, litina

Ex: The bronze cast of the statue weighed 200 kg. 
spirit
spirit
[Podstatné jméno]

an immaterial supernatural being that can appear or be perceived by humans

duch, přízrak

duch, přízrak

Ex: Legends describe a spirit haunting the old mansion. 
to recline
to recline
[sloveso]

to bend the upper body backwards

opřít se, naklánět se dozadu

opřít se, naklánět se dozadu

Ex: After a long day at work, she reclined on the sofa and closed her eyes to relax. 

Po dlouhém dni v práci se opřela na pohovku a zavřela oči, aby si odpočinula.

figure
figure
[Podstatné jméno]

a recreation of a human or animal body in sculpture or drawing

figura, socha

figura, socha

Ex: The museum displayed a marble figure of a Greek goddess. 
right angle
right angle
[Podstatné jméno]

an angle measuring exactly 90 degrees

pravý úhel, úhel 90 stupňů

pravý úhel, úhel 90 stupňů

Ex: The carpenter adjusted the miter saw to cut the molding at a perfect right angle for seamless installation. 

Tesař upravil úhlovou pilu, aby řezal lištu pod dokonalým pravým úhlem pro bezproblémovou instalaci.

to fascinate
to fascinate
[sloveso]

to capture someone's interest or curiosity

fascinovat, okouzlit

fascinovat, okouzlit

Ex: The exotic animals at the zoo fascinate the children, sparking their curiosity. 

Exotická zvířata v zoo fascinují děti, probouzejí jejich zvědavost.

originality
originality
[Podstatné jméno]

the quality or state of being new, creative, and unique, not copied from another thing

originalita

originalita

depiction
depiction
[Podstatné jméno]

representation by drawing or painting etc

zobrazení, ilustrace

zobrazení, ilustrace

mask
mask
[Podstatné jméno]

a covering worn over all or part of the face to hide someone's identity or change their appearance

maska,  škraboška

maska, škraboška

Ex: Daniel made a frightening mask for Halloween. 
exceptional
exceptional
[Přídavné jméno]

unusually good or much greater than what is normal or expected

Ex: She received praise for her exceptional performance. 
recognition
recognition
[Podstatné jméno]

acknowledgment or approval given to someone or something for their achievements, qualities, or actions

uznání

uznání

Ex: Her hard work and dedication earned her recognition from her peers. 
to convince
to convince
[sloveso]

to make someone believe that something is true or certain

přesvědčit, přemluvit

přesvědčit, přemluvit

Ex: The results convinced the researchers of the method's effectiveness. 
merit
merit
[Podstatné jméno]

a good quality or feature that deserves praise or approval

přednost,  zásluha

přednost, zásluha

Ex: The main merit of Daniel's suggestion is that it can be implemented quickly. 
emerging
emerging
[Přídavné jméno]

beginning to exist or take recognizable form

vznikající, rodící se

vznikající, rodící se

Ex: Researchers documented an emerging form of antibiotic resistance. 
movement
movement
[Podstatné jméno]

a collective of individuals united by shared beliefs or ideology, working toward general social, political, or cultural goals

hnutí, kolektiv

hnutí, kolektiv

Ex: The feminist movement advocates for women's rights. 
civilization
civilization
[Podstatné jméno]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilizace, společnost

civilizace, společnost

Ex: The rise of civilization in Mesopotamia marked the beginning of recorded history. 

Vzestup civilizace v Mezopotámii znamenal počátek zaznamenané historie.

to inhabit
to inhabit
[sloveso]

to reside in a specific place

obývat, bydlet

obývat, bydlet

Ex: Many species of birds inhabit the forest year-round. 

Mnoho druhů ptáků obývá les po celý rok.

abstract
abstract
[Přídavné jméno]

using shapes, colors, lines, or forms rather than realistically representing people or objects

abstraktní

abstraktní

Ex: The sculpture has an abstract form that suggests movement without representing anything specific. 
exhibition
exhibition
[Podstatné jméno]

a public event at which paintings, photographs, or other things are shown

výstava, expozice

výstava, expozice

Ex: The art museum's latest exhibition features works by contemporary artists from around the world. 
fellow
fellow
[Přídavné jméno]

used to refer to someone who shares similarities with one such as job, interest, etc. or is in the same situation

kolega, souputník

kolega, souputník

Ex: As fellow members of the book club, they often gathered to discuss their favorite novels. 
call
call
[Podstatné jméno]

a strong request or demand for something to happen, often expressed publicly

výzva, požadavek

výzva, požadavek

Ex: His speech resulted in calls for unity among the people. 
resignation
resignation
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal spoken or written statement that someone is leaving a job, office, or position

rezignace,  výpověď

rezignace, výpověď

Ex: His resignation was accepted by the board immediately. 
to expire
to expire
[sloveso]

(of a document, contract, etc.) to no longer be legally recognized because of reaching the end of validity period

vypršet, skončit

vypršet, skončit

Ex: His passport expired while he was abroad, causing delays and complications when trying to return home. 

Jeho pas vypršel, když byl v zahraničí, což způsobilo zpoždění a komplikace při pokusu o návrat domů.

inclination
inclination
[Podstatné jméno]

one's natural desire and feeling to take a specific action or act in a particular manner

sklon, tendence

sklon, tendence

to distort
to distort
[sloveso]

to change the shape or condition of something in a way that is no longer clear or natural

zkreslit, deformovat

zkreslit, deformovat

Ex: The extreme heat distorted the plastic containers, causing them to warp and lose their original shape. 

Extrémní teplo deformovalo plastové nádoby, což způsobilo jejich pokřivení a ztrátu původního tvaru.

radical
radical
[Přídavné jméno]

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

radikální, revoluční

radikální, revoluční

Ex: The scientist proposed a radical theory that challenged established beliefs. 
at times
at times
[Příslovce]

at moments that are not constant or regular

někdy, občas

někdy, občas

Ex: He can be unpredictable, getting into heated debates at times. 

Může být nepředvídatelný, občas se zapojí do vášnivých debat.

sketchbook
sketchbook
[Podstatné jméno]

a book with sheets of paper that can be used for drawing

skicák, kreslící blok

skicák, kreslící blok

Ex: I bought a new sketchbook to start working on my art class assignments. 

Koupil jsem si nový skicák, abych začal pracovat na úkolech z výtvarné výchovy.

to [bear] a resemblance

to share similarities in appearance, characteristics, or qualities

Ex: The siblings bear a strong resemblance to each other, with their identical features. 
numerous
numerous
[Přídavné jméno]

indicating a large number of something

četné, mnoho

četné, mnoho

Ex: The city is known for its numerous historical landmarks and tourist attractions. 

Město je známé svými četnými historickými památkami a turistickými atrakcemi.

londoner
londoner
[Podstatné jméno]

a native or resident of London

Londýňan, Londýňanka

Londýňan, Londýňanka

commission
commission
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal request for an artist to paint, design or compose a piece of art

objednávka

objednávka

Ex: The gallery arranged a commission for a series of landscape paintings. 
to depict
to depict
[sloveso]

to represent someone or something in a picture, painting, drawing, or other visual artwork

Ex: The illustration depicts a bird resting on a branch. 
to signify
to signify
[sloveso]

to indicate a meaning

znamenat, ukazovat

znamenat, ukazovat

Ex: Dark clouds in the sky often signify an approaching storm. 

Tmavé mraky na obloze často znamenají blížící se bouři.

humanistic
humanistic
[Přídavné jméno]

pertaining to or concerned with the humanities

humanistický,  týkající se humanitních věd

humanistický, týkající se humanitních věd

subject matter
subject matter
[Podstatné jméno]

the specific theme or topic that a work of art, speech, etc. contains

téma, předmět

téma, předmět

Ex: The poet's work grapples with the subject matter of mortality and the passage of time, reflecting on the fleeting nature of existence. 

Práce básníka se zabývá tématem smrtelnosti a plynutí času, přičemž reflektuje pomíjivou povahu existence.

to cast
to cast
[sloveso]

to shape metal or other material by pouring it into a mold while it is in a molten or liquid state

lít, odlévat

lít, odlévat

Ex: The skilled artisan cast the molten bronze into a meticulously crafted mold, creating a detailed sculpture. 
boost
boost
[Podstatné jméno]

a noticeable increase in the amount, level, value, or strength of something

nárůst,  povzbuzení

nárůst, povzbuzení

Ex: The new advertising campaign produced a boost in customer interest. 
to take on
to take on
[sloveso]

to accept something as a challenge

přijmout, uchopit se

přijmout, uchopit se

Ex: She decided to take on the project, despite its complexity. 

Rozhodla se převzít projekt, navzdory jeho složitosti.

scale
scale
[Podstatné jméno]

the size, amount, or degree of one thing compared with another

měřítko, rozsah

měřítko, rozsah

Ex: The scale of the earthquake was so immense that it caused widespread damage across the region. 
critic
critic
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who evaluates and provides opinions or judgments about various forms of art, literature, performances, or other creative works

kritik

kritik

Ex: The film critic praised the director's innovative storytelling and powerful performances in her review. 
menace
menace
[Podstatné jméno]

someone or something that causes or is likely to cause danger or damage

hrozba, nebezpečí

hrozba, nebezpečí

Ex: The invasive plant species posed a menace to the native vegetation in the region. 

Invazivní rostlinný druh představoval hrozbu pro původní vegetaci v regionu.

appreciation
appreciation
[Podstatné jméno]

a full understanding of a situation, problem, or idea and what it involves

porozumění, pochopení

porozumění, pochopení

Ex: Experience has given Michael a greater appreciation of what the job requires. 
acclaim
acclaim
[Podstatné jméno]

admiration for achievements, often in art, performance, leadership, or innovation

uznání, pochvala

uznání, pochvala

Ex: The athlete's comeback was greeted with universal acclaim. 

Návrat sportovce byl přivítán všeobecným uznáním.

reputation
reputation
[Podstatné jméno]

the general opinion that the public has about someone or something because of what they did in the past

pověst, renomé

pověst, renomé

Ex: The company worked hard to build a reputation for excellent customer service. 
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