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Απαραίτητο Λεξιλόγιο για το TOEFL - Religion

Εδώ θα μάθετε μερικές αγγλικές λέξεις σχετικές με τη θρησκεία, όπως "ναός", "τέμενος", "ψυχή" κ.λπ., που απαιτούνται για τις εξετάσεις TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
abbey
abbey
[ουσιαστικό]

a church with buildings connected to it in which a group of monks or nuns live or used to live

αββαείο, μοναστήρι

αββαείο, μοναστήρι

Ex: We visited the abbey during our vacation, marveling at its breathtaking architecture and tranquil surroundings. 
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temple
temple
[ουσιαστικό]

a building used for worshiping one or several gods, used by some religious communities, especially Buddhists and Hindus

ναός, ιερό

ναός, ιερό

Ex: They visited the ancient temple to offer prayers and seek blessings. 
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mosque
mosque
[ουσιαστικό]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

τζαμί, ισλαμικός τόπος λατρείας

τζαμί, ισλαμικός τόπος λατρείας

Ex: The minaret of the mosque towered over the city skyline, calling the faithful to prayer. 
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shrine
shrine
[ουσιαστικό]

a place or building for people to pray in, which is considered holy by many due to its connection with a sacred person, event, or object

ιερό, τόπος προσκυνήματος

ιερό, τόπος προσκυνήματος

Ex: Pilgrims from around the world visit the shrine to pay their respects and seek blessings. 
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monastery
monastery
[ουσιαστικό]

a building where a group of monks live and pray

μοναστήρι, αβαείο

μοναστήρι, αβαείο

Ex: The monastery nestled in the mountains provided a serene environment for meditation and prayer. 
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believer
believer
[ουσιαστικό]

a person who has faith in a god or follows a particular religion

πιστός, ακόλουθος

πιστός, ακόλουθος

Ex: She is a strong believer in God. 
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Christianity
Christianity
[ουσιαστικό]

the Abrahamic religion based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, the followers of which regard the Bible as sacred

Χριστιανισμός

Χριστιανισμός

Ex: Christianity is one of the largest religions in the world, with diverse denominations and beliefs. 
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Catholic
Catholic
[επίθετο]

related to or belonging to the Western branch of the Christian Church that is led by the Pope

καθολικός, σχετικός με την Καθολική Εκκλησία

καθολικός, σχετικός με την Καθολική Εκκλησία

Ex: She attends Mass every Sunday at her local Catholic church. 
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Protestant
Protestant
[επίθετο]

related to or belonging to the Western branch of the Christian Church, distinct from the Roman Catholic Church

προτεσταντικός

προτεσταντικός

Ex: The Protestant church down the street hosts weekly services on Sundays. 
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Christ
Christ
[ουσιαστικό]

the man based on whose teachings Christianity is established

Χριστός, Ιησούς Χριστός

Χριστός, Ιησούς Χριστός

Ex: Christians believe that Christ died for the sins of humanity and rose from the dead. 
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Bible
Bible
[ουσιαστικό]

the holy book of Christianity that consists of the Old Testament and the New Testament

η Βίβλος, η Αγία Γραφή

η Βίβλος, η Αγία Γραφή

Ex: Many people turn to the Bible for comfort and guidance in their lives. 
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bishop
bishop
[ουσιαστικό]

a high-ranking priest who supervises all the churches and priests in a city

επίσκοπος, πρελάτος

επίσκοπος, πρελάτος

Ex: The bishop presided over the ordination ceremony for the new priests in the diocese. 
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father
father
[ουσιαστικό]

a title used for Christian priests, especially in certain traditions

Πατέρας, Ιερέας

Πατέρας, Ιερέας

Ex: Father Thomas conducted the Sunday service. 
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Saint
Saint
[ουσιαστικό]

someone who, after their death, is officially recognized by the Christian Church as a very holy person

άγιος, αγία

άγιος, αγία

Ex: Saint Francis of Assisi is known for his love of animals and nature. 
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monk
monk
[ουσιαστικό]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

μοναχός, καλόγερος

μοναχός, καλόγερος

Ex: The monk spent his days in prayer and contemplation within the monastery walls. 
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nun
nun
[ουσιαστικό]

a member of a female religious group that lives in a convent

καλόγρια, μοναχή

καλόγρια, μοναχή

Ex: The nun devoted her life to prayer and service within the convent. 
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to preach
to preach
[ρήμα]

to give a religious speech, particularly in a church

κηρύττω, δίνω κήρυγμα

κηρύττω, δίνω κήρυγμα

Ex: Every Sunday, the pastor preaches sermons to the congregation, sharing biblical wisdom. 
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soul
soul
[ουσιαστικό]

the spiritual part of a person that is believed to be the essence of life in them

ψυχή

ψυχή

Ex: Many cultures believe that the soul continues to exist after the death of the body. 
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heaven
heaven
[ουσιαστικό]

the realm of God and angels where the believers are promised to reside

ουρανός, παράδεισος

ουρανός, παράδεισος

Ex: The concept of heaven offers comfort to those grieving the loss of loved ones. 
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hell
hell
[ουσιαστικό]

(in Christianity) the dwelling place of Satan and his forces, where sinners suffer eternal punishment

η κόλαση, ο άδης

η κόλαση, ο άδης

Ex: The scripture teaches that hell is eternal for the wicked. 
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spiritual
spiritual
[επίθετο]

relating to sacred matters such as religion, church, etc.

πνευματικός, θρησκευτικός

πνευματικός, θρησκευτικός

Ex: She found solace in spiritual practices like meditation and prayer. 
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to worship
to worship
[ρήμα]

to respect and honor God or a deity, especially by performing rituals

λατρεύω, σέβομαι

λατρεύω, σέβομαι

Ex: During the festival, devotees gather at the temple to worship the deity with offerings of flowers, incense, and fruits. 
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ritual
ritual
[ουσιαστικό]

the act of conducting a series of fixed actions, particular to a religious ceremony

τελετή, ιεροτελεστία

τελετή, ιεροτελεστία

Ex: The priest performed the ritual of sprinkling holy water during the baptism. 
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sin
sin
[ουσιαστικό]

any act that goes against the law of God

αμαρτία

αμαρτία

Ex: Many religious teachings provide guidelines to avoid committing sin. 
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faith
faith
[ουσιαστικό]

strong belief in a particular god or religion

πίστη, πεποίθηση

πίστη, πεποίθηση

Ex: His unwavering faith in God gave him strength during difficult times. 
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divine
divine
[επίθετο]

originating from, relating to, or associated with God or a god

θεϊκός, ουράνιος

θεϊκός, ουράνιος

Ex: The ancient Greeks believed in divine beings residing on Mount Olympus. 
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devil
devil
[ουσιαστικό]

the spirit that opposes God and tempts people to do wrong

διάβολος, δαίμονας

διάβολος, δαίμονας

Ex: In many religions, the devil is considered the embodiment of evil and temptation. 
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Islam
Islam
[ουσιαστικό]

the religion of the Muslims, which was established by Muhammad whose holy book is called the Quran

Ισλάμ

Ισλάμ

Ex: Islam is one of the world's major religions, with millions of followers around the globe. 
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Muslim
Muslim
[ουσιαστικό]

a person who believes in Islam

Μουσουλμάνος, Μουσουλμάνα

Μουσουλμάνος, Μουσουλμάνα

Ex: As a Muslim, she observes daily prayers and fasting during Ramadan. 
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Quran
Quran
[ουσιαστικό]

the holy book of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the word of God

Κοράνι, Ιερό βιβλίο του Ισλάμ

Κοράνι, Ιερό βιβλίο του Ισλάμ

Ex: He reads the Quran every evening. 
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Buddhism
Buddhism
[ουσιαστικό]

an Indian religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, whose followers worship in temples

Βουδισμός, βουδιστική θρησκεία

Βουδισμός, βουδιστική θρησκεία

Ex: Buddhism teaches the Four Noble Truths as a fundamental part of its doctrine. 
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Hinduism
Hinduism
[ουσιαστικό]

a major religion in South Asia, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, involving the worship of many gods

Ινδουϊσμός, Ινδουϊσμός

Ινδουϊσμός, Ινδουϊσμός

Ex: Hinduism teaches respect for all living beings. 
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enlightenment
enlightenment
[ουσιαστικό]

(in Buddhism and Hinduism) a transcendent state of spiritual realization, liberation from the cycle of reincarnation, characterized by the cessation of desire, suffering, and individual consciousness

διαφωτισμός, ξύπνημα

διαφωτισμός, ξύπνημα

Ex: The monk achieved enlightenment after years of meditation. 
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Judaism
Judaism
[ουσιαστικό]

the religion of Jewish people that is monotheistic

Ιουδαϊσμός, Εβραϊκή θρησκεία

Ιουδαϊσμός, Εβραϊκή θρησκεία

Ex: Judaism teaches the worship of one God. 
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to convert
to convert
[ρήμα]

to change one's religious beliefs to a different one

μεταστρέφομαι, αλλάζω θρησκεία

μεταστρέφομαι, αλλάζω θρησκεία

Ex: After years of soul-searching, Sarah decided to convert to Buddhism. 
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carnival
carnival
[ουσιαστικό]

a festival happening annually that involves dancing, music and colorful clothes

καρναβάλι, γιορτή

καρναβάλι, γιορτή

Ex: The Rio Carnival in Brazil is the largest carnival in the world. 
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to sacrifice
to sacrifice
[ρήμα]

to kill an animal or person as a religious act

θυσιάζω, σφάζω

θυσιάζω, σφάζω

Ex: The ancient Mayans would sacrifice animals to their gods during important rituals. 
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cult
cult
[ουσιαστικό]

a group of people with extreme religious views who are separate from any established religion

αίρεση, λατρεία

αίρεση, λατρεία

Ex: The authorities investigated allegations of abuse within the cult. 
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to commemorate
to commemorate
[ρήμα]

to recall and show respect for an important person, event, etc. from the past with an action or in a ceremony

απομνημονεύω, θυμάμαι

απομνημονεύω, θυμάμαι

Ex: The city holds an annual ceremony to commemorate the sacrifices of war veterans. 
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