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Ciencias Naturales SAT - Sustancias químicas y propiedades

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con sustancias y propiedades químicas, como "salino", "amortiguador", etc., que necesitarás para aprobar tus SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
catalyst
[Sustantivo]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

catalizador

catalizador

Ex: In the Haber process , iron is used as a catalyst to promote the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases .En el proceso Haber, el hierro se utiliza como **catalizador** para promover la síntesis de amoníaco a partir de gases de nitrógeno e hidrógeno.
buffer
[Sustantivo]

a solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, which maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acid or base are added

amortiguador, solución amortiguadora

amortiguador, solución amortiguadora

Ex: Buffers play a significant role in biochemical research by providing a controlled environment for reactions .Los **amortiguadores** desempeñan un papel importante en la investigación bioquímica al proporcionar un ambiente controlado para las reacciones.
reactant
[Sustantivo]

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

reactivo

reactivo

Ex: When iron reacts with sulfur , the reactants are iron and sulfur .Cuando el hierro reacciona con el azufre, los **reactivos** son el hierro y el azufre.
reagent
[Sustantivo]

a substance or compound used in a chemical reaction to detect, examine, or produce other substances

reactivo

reactivo

Ex: Reagents vary widely in their properties and are selected based on their compatibility with the reaction conditions and desired outcome .Los **reactivos** varían ampliamente en sus propiedades y se seleccionan en función de su compatibilidad con las condiciones de reacción y el resultado deseado.
noble gas
[Sustantivo]

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

gas noble, gas inerte

gas noble, gas inerte

Ex: The noble gas configuration is characterized by a full outer electron shell , contributing to the stability and lack of reactivity .La configuración de los **gases nobles** se caracteriza por una capa de electrones externa completa, lo que contribuye a su estabilidad y falta de reactividad.
inert gas
[Sustantivo]

a group of non-reactive gases that typically exhibit low chemical reactivity due to their stable electron configurations

gas inerte, gas noble

gas inerte, gas noble

Ex: Deep-sea divers breathe a mixture of oxygen and inert gases like helium to prevent nitrogen narcosis at great depths .Los buceadores de aguas profundas respiran una mezcla de oxígeno y **gases inertes** como el helio para prevenir la narcosis por nitrógeno a grandes profundidades.
halogen
[Sustantivo]

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

halógeno, elemento halógeno

halógeno, elemento halógeno

Ex: The halogens share common properties such as high electronegativity and the ability to gain an electron to achieve a stable electron configuration .Los **halógenos** comparten propiedades comunes como una alta electronegatividad y la capacidad de ganar un electrón para lograr una configuración electrónica estable.
polythene
[Sustantivo]

a durable plastic material used for packaging, bags, and various applications

polietileno, plástico

polietileno, plástico

Ex: She packed sandwiches in polythene bags for the picnic .Ella empacó sándwiches en bolsas de **polietileno** para el picnic.
polystyrene
[Sustantivo]

a lightweight and versatile synthetic polymer used in packaging, insulation, and disposable products

poliestireno, espuma de poliestireno

poliestireno, espuma de poliestireno

Ex: Manufacturers recycle polystyrene to produce new products like picture frames and garden furniture .Los fabricantes reciclan el **poliestireno** para producir nuevos productos como marcos de fotos y muebles de jardín.
phosphorous
[Adjetivo]

referring to the essential chemical element phosphorus, which is vital in biological processes and various industrial applications

fosforoso, fosfórico

fosforoso, fosfórico

Ex: Phosphorous deficiency in soil can lead to stunted crop growth .La deficiencia de **fósforo** en el suelo puede provocar un crecimiento atrofiado de los cultivos.
acetone
[Sustantivo]

a colorless, volatile liquid solvent commonly used for removing nail polish and other substances from surfaces

acetona, propanona

acetona, propanona

alginate
[Sustantivo]

a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, commonly used in various industries for its thickening, gelling, and stabilizing properties

alginato, algina

alginato, algina

silicate
[Sustantivo]

a compound containing silicon and oxygen atoms, often forming minerals or glasses, with diverse applications in industry and nature

silicato, compuesto de silicio

silicato, compuesto de silicio

Ex: Silicate ceramics are used in various high-temperature applications due to their heat-resistant properties.Las cerámicas **silicate** se utilizan en diversas aplicaciones de alta temperatura debido a sus propiedades resistentes al calor.
graphene
[Sustantivo]

a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, known for its exceptional strength, electrical conductivity, and flexibility

grafeno, una sola capa de átomos de carbono dispuestos en una red hexagonal bidimensional

grafeno, una sola capa de átomos de carbono dispuestos en una red hexagonal bidimensional

malic acid
[Sustantivo]

a naturally occurring organic compound found in many fruits that contributes to their sour taste

ácido málico

ácido málico

citric acid
[Sustantivo]

a weak organic acid found naturally in citrus fruits like lemons, oranges, and limes, commonly used as a food additive for flavoring and preserving

ácido cítrico, ácido de limón

ácido cítrico, ácido de limón

Ex: Some cosmetics and pharmaceuticals use citric acid for its antioxidant and pH-balancing effects .Algunos cosméticos y productos farmacéuticos utilizan **ácido cítrico** por sus efectos antioxidantes y equilibradores del pH.
phosphate
[Sustantivo]

a chemical compound that contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms, commonly found in salts or esters of phosphoric acid, important for biological processes and industrial applications

fosfato, un compuesto químico que contiene átomos de fósforo y oxígeno

fosfato, un compuesto químico que contiene átomos de fósforo y oxígeno

Ex: Sodium phosphate is used as a food additive and a laxative in medicine.El **fosfato** de sodio se utiliza como aditivo alimentario y laxante en medicina.
charm quark
[Sustantivo]

a type of elementary particle that is one of the six types, or flavors, of quarks that has an electric charge of +2/3 and participates in strong and electromagnetic interactions

quark encanto, quark de encanto

quark encanto, quark de encanto

Ex: Quarks like the charm quark play a crucial role in the formation of hadrons , such as the J / psi particle , which consists of a charm quark and an anti-charm quark bound together .Los quarks como el **quark encanto** juegan un papel crucial en la formación de hadrones, como la partícula J/psi, que consiste en un quark encanto y un antiquark encanto unidos.
disinfectant
[Sustantivo]

something that has specific chemicals or causes a chemical reaction that destroys harmful microorganisms such as bacteria

desinfectante

desinfectante

bicarbonate
[Sustantivo]

a chemical compound important for regulating pH balance, found in baking soda and crucial for bodily functions

bicarbonato, hidrogenocarbonato

bicarbonato, hidrogenocarbonato

Ex: Agricultural practices may involve applying bicarbonate to soil to adjust pH for optimal crop growth .Las prácticas agrícolas pueden implicar la aplicación de **bicarbonato** al suelo para ajustar el pH y lograr un crecimiento óptimo de los cultivos.
solute
[Sustantivo]

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

soluto, sustancia disuelta

soluto, sustancia disuelta

Ex: Dissolving a pain reliever ( e.g. , aspirin ) in water results in the drug acting as the solute in the liquid solvent .Disolver un analgésico (por ejemplo, aspirina) en agua hace que el medicamento actúe como el **soluto** en el solvente líquido.
saturated
[Adjetivo]

having absorbed as much of a substance as possible at a given temperature, reaching its maximum concentration

saturado, empapado

saturado, empapado

Ex: The paper towel became saturated with spilled coffee, unable to absorb any more liquid.La toalla de papel se **saturó** con café derramado, incapaz de absorber más líquido.
ethereal
[Adjetivo]

(of a solution) containing volatile or highly flammable substances, such as diethyl ether

etéreo, etérico

etéreo, etérico

Ex: The ethereal nature of diethyl ether makes it a useful solvent for extracting natural products from plant materials .La naturaleza **etérea** del éter dietílico lo convierte en un disolvente útil para extraer productos naturales de materiales vegetales.
inorganic
[Adjetivo]

describing chemical compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from minerals or non-living matter

inorgánico

inorgánico

Ex: Inorganic chemistry focuses on the study of compounds and elements that do not involve carbon-hydrogen bonds.La química **inorgánica** se centra en el estudio de compuestos y elementos que no involucran enlaces carbono-hidrógeno.
solvent
[Sustantivo]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

disolvente

disolvente

Ex: Water is the universal solvent, capable of dissolving more substances like salt and sugar than any other liquid.El agua es el **solvente** universal, capaz de disolver más sustancias como la sal y el azúcar que cualquier otro líquido.
alkaline
[Adjetivo]

refering to substances that have a pH greater than 7, indicating a basic or non-acidic nature

alcalino

alcalino

Ex: Alkaline batteries use potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte to generate electricity.Las baterías **alcalinas** utilizan hidróxido de potasio como electrolito para generar electricidad.
saline
[Adjetivo]

containing or relating to salt

salino

salino

Ex: The saline soil in the coastal region affected the types of crops that could be grown successfully.El suelo **salino** en la región costera afectó los tipos de cultivos que podían crecer con éxito.
Ciencias Naturales SAT
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