自然科学SAT - 化学物质与性质

在这里,你将学习一些与化学物质和性质相关的英语单词,如“盐水”、“缓冲液”等,这些单词是你通过SAT考试所需要的。

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自然科学SAT
catalyst [名词]
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催化剂

Ex: Platinum nanoparticles acted as an effective catalyst for the reaction , significantly lowering the activation energy needed .

铂纳米颗粒作为反应的催化剂,显著降低了所需的活化能。

buffer [名词]
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缓冲液

Ex: Buffers are crucial in biological systems to maintain the pH necessary for enzyme activity .

缓冲液在生物系统中对于维持酶活性所需的pH至关重要。

reactant [名词]
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反应物

Ex: The reactants in the reaction between hydrogen ( H₂ ) and oxygen ( O₂ ) to form water ( H₂O ) are hydrogen and oxygen gases .

氢(H₂)和氧(O₂)反应生成水(H₂O)的反应物是氢气和氧气。

reagent [名词]
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试剂

Ex: In titration experiments , precise amounts of reagents are mixed to determine the concentration of an unknown substance .

在滴定实验中,精确量的试剂被混合以确定未知物质的浓度。

noble gas [名词]
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惰性气体

Ex: Neon signs emit light when an electrical current passes through neon gas , showcasing the unique properties of noble gases .

霓虹灯标志在电流通过氖气时发光,展示了惰性气体的独特性质。

inert gas [名词]
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惰性气体

Ex: The packaging of sensitive electronic components often includes inert gases to prevent oxidation and degradation .

敏感电子元件的包装通常包括惰性气体以防止氧化和降解。

halogen [名词]
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卤素

Ex: Fluorine , a highly reactive halogen , is often added to drinking water to promote dental health .

氟是一种高活性的卤素,常被添加到饮用水中以促进牙齿健康。

polythene [名词]
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聚乙烯

Ex:

聚乙烯薄膜用于在运输过程中包裹和保护各种产品。

polystyrene [名词]
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聚苯乙烯

Ex: Builders often use polystyrene foam boards to insulate homes and improve energy efficiency .

建筑商经常使用聚苯乙烯泡沫板来隔热房屋并提高能源效率。

phosphorous [形容词]
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含磷的

Ex: Phosphorous compounds are used in fertilizers to enrich soil nutrients .

化合物用于肥料中以丰富土壤养分。

silicate [名词]
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硅酸盐

Ex:

窗户玻璃是由熔化的硅酸盐材料制成并塑造成薄片。

citric acid [名词]
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柠檬酸

Ex: Citric acid is added to canned foods as a preservative to extend shelf life .

柠檬酸作为防腐剂被添加到罐头食品中以延长保质期。

phosphate [名词]
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磷酸盐

Ex: Phosphates are commonly used in detergents to help break down grease and improve cleaning efficiency .

磷酸盐通常用于洗涤剂中,以帮助分解油脂并提高清洁效率。

charm quark [名词]
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粲夸克

Ex: The decay of a D meson involves the transformation of a charm quark into an up quark , emitting a W boson in the process .

D介子的衰变涉及到一个粲夸克转变为上夸克,并在此过程中发射一个W玻色子。

bicarbonate [名词]
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碳酸氢盐

Ex: The kidneys regulate bicarbonate levels in the body to maintain proper pH balance .

肾脏调节体内的碳酸氢盐水平以维持适当的pH平衡。

solute [名词]
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溶质

Ex: When sugar ( sucrose ) is added to coffee , sugar serves as the solute that dissolves in the coffee , the solvent .

当糖(蔗糖)加入咖啡时,糖作为溶质溶解在咖啡(溶剂)中。

saturated [形容词]
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饱和的

Ex:

大雨过后,地面变得饱和,水开始在地表积聚。

ethereal [形容词]
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醚的

Ex: After extraction with diethyl ether , the ethereal layer was separated and dried over magnesium sulfate .

用乙醚萃取后,层被分离并在硫酸镁上干燥。

inorganic [形容词]
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无机的

Ex: Metals like iron and copper are examples of inorganic elements crucial for industrial applications .

铁和铜等金属是对工业应用至关重要的无机元素的例子。

solvent [名词]
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溶剂

Ex: Chloroform acts as an effective solvent for lipids , fats and waxes due to its non-polar nature .

氯仿由于其非极性性质,可作为脂类、脂肪和蜡的有效溶剂

alkaline [形容词]
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碱性的

Ex: Many household cleaning products contain alkaline ingredients to remove tough stains .

许多家用清洁产品含有碱性成分以去除顽固污渍。

saline [形容词]
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含盐的

Ex:

当我们接近海岸线时,海风的咸味迎接了我们。