Přírodní Vědy SAT - Chemické látky a vlastnosti

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

katalyzátor, chemický katalyzátor

a solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, which maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acid or base are added

pufr, pufrový roztok

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

reagens, reagující látka

a substance or compound used in a chemical reaction to detect, examine, or produce other substances

reagent, reaktiv

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

noblový plyn, inertní plyn

a group of non-reactive gases that typically exhibit low chemical reactivity due to their stable electron configurations

inertní plyn, noble plyn

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

halogen

a durable plastic material used for packaging, bags, and various applications

polyethylen

a lightweight and versatile synthetic polymer used in packaging, insulation, and disposable products

polystyren

referring to the essential chemical element phosphorus, which is vital in biological processes and various industrial applications

fosforečný, fosforový

a colorless, volatile liquid solvent commonly used for removing nail polish and other substances from surfaces

aceton, aceton

a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, commonly used in various industries for its thickening, gelling, and stabilizing properties

alginate

a compound containing silicon and oxygen atoms, often forming minerals or glasses, with diverse applications in industry and nature

silikát

a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, known for its exceptional strength, electrical conductivity, and flexibility

grafen

a naturally occurring organic compound found in many fruits that contributes to their sour taste

malicová kyselina

a weak organic acid found naturally in citrus fruits like lemons, oranges, and limes, commonly used as a food additive for flavoring and preserving

kyselina citrónová

a chemical compound that contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms, commonly found in salts or esters of phosphoric acid, important for biological processes and industrial applications

fosfát

a type of elementary particle that is one of the six types, or flavors, of quarks that has an electric charge of +2/3 and participates in strong and electromagnetic interactions

charm kvark, kvark typu charm

something that has specific chemicals or causes a chemical reaction that destroys harmful microorganisms such as bacteria

dezinfekční prostředek, dezinfektor

a chemical compound important for regulating pH balance, found in baking soda and crucial for bodily functions

bikarbonát, sodný bikarbonát

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

rozpuštěná látka

having absorbed as much of a substance as possible at a given temperature, reaching its maximum concentration

nasycený, saturovaný

(of a solution) containing volatile or highly flammable substances, such as diethyl ether

éterický, volatile

describing chemical compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from minerals or non-living matter

anorganický

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

rozpouštědlo

refering to substances that have a pH greater than 7, indicating a basic or non-acidic nature

alkalický, zásaditý

containing or relating to salt

slaný, sůl obsahující