Lingüística - Morfología y Lexicología
Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la morfología y la lexicología como "afijo", "tema" y "lexema".
Revisión
Tarjetas de memoria
formas
Ortografía
Cuestionario
the shortened form of a word, etc.
abreviatura
Al escribir un informe, asegúrese de definir cualquier abreviatura la primera vez que la utilice.
a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words
afijación, proceso de afijación
(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning
afijo
En lingüística, los afijos desempeñan un papel crucial en la formación y derivación de palabras.
a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form
contracción
Las contracciones se usan a menudo en la escritura y el habla informales.
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
prefijo
El diccionario proporcionó una lista de prefijos y sus significados para ayudar con la formación y comprensión de palabras.
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
sufijo
Los estudiantes practicaron agregar diferentes sufijos a las palabras raíz para ver cómo cambiaban sus significados.
a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word
acrónimo, sigla
El nombre de la empresa se creó como un acrónimo a partir de las iniciales de sus fundadores.
a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words
mezcla, fusión
a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase
numerónimo, abreviatura numérica
a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning
morfema ligado, morfema dependiente
a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end
circunfijo, afijo circunfijo
a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category
transfixación, inserción morfológica
(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations
analogía
El estudio de la analogía muestra cómo el lenguaje se adapta a las necesidades de sus hablantes.
(in linguistics) the base form of a word after removing affixes
raíz, lexema
Identificar la raíz ayuda a aprender palabras relacionadas.
(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes
raíz, lexema
La raíz determina el significado central de la palabra.
a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language
morfema libre, lexema independiente
a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word
infijo, morfema ligado insertado
a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence
clítico, elemento clítico
the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language
formación de palabras, derivación léxica
(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection
lexema
Analizar los lexemas ayuda a identificar patrones de formación y uso de palabras en diferentes contextos lingüísticos.
a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both
derivación, formación derivativa
(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function
flexión, desinencia
Entender la flexión es esencial para dominar idiomas altamente flexivos como el finlandés.
a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech
retroformación, derivación regresiva
a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words
composición, formación de palabras compuestas
a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun
conversión, derivación impropia
a structured set showing how a word changes to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, or case
paradigma, tabla flexional
En griego, cada verbo tiene un paradigma que los estudiantes deben memorizar para dominar la conjugación.
the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses
léxico
Construir un lexicón diverso a través de la lectura y la exposición a diferentes contextos enriquece las habilidades lingüísticas y las capacidades de comunicación de uno.
the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables
acortamiento, truncamiento
El proceso de clipping a menudo conserva el significado original de la palabra y puede ocurrir en varias partes del discurso, como sustantivos, verbos y adjetivos.
a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy
hipocorístico, diminutivo cariñoso
La formación de hipocorísticos puede involucrar varios procesos lingüísticos como el recorte, la adición de sufijos diminutivos o la modificación fonética.
the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words
morfemización, proceso de morfemización
a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form
aglutinación, proceso de aglutinación
a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word
morfema léxico, lexema
all the words used in a particular language or subject
vocabulario
Ella usa una aplicación de vocabulario en su teléfono para aprender nuevas palabras en inglés.
(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base
derivado
Los lingüistas analizan cómo evolucionan los derivados con el tiempo.
(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word
base, raíz
Las palabras compuestas inglesas como "sunflower" combinan dos bases ("sun" + "flower").
a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities
nominalización, sustantivación
a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage
lexicalización, proceso de lexicalización
a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity
diminutivo, palabra cariñosa
« Teacup » es una forma diminutiva de « cup », que indica una versión más pequeña.
a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community
protologismo, neologismo incipiente
a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources
palabra fantasma, palabra errónea
a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language
pseudopalabra, palabra ficticia
a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage
palabra ocasional, neologismo efímero
a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text
hapax legomenon, palabra o forma única
the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning
morfema, morph
Cada morfema lleva un significado específico en la oración.
(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided
morfema
El estudio de los morfemas, conocido como morfología, examina cómo estas unidades se combinan para crear palabras complejas.
a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning
morfema funcional, morfema gramatical
(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language
unidad léxica
a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds
palabra híbrida
La creación de palabras portmanteau puede ser lúdica y creativa, como se ve en "chillax", una combinación de "chill" y "relax".
(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words
léxico
(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning
palabra
Entender cada palabra en una oración ayuda a la comprensión.
a particular combination of words that are used together very often
colocación, coaparición
El profesor explicó el significado de cada colocación.
a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture
modismo, giro
El idioma 'piece of cake' se refiere a algo que es muy fácil de hacer, que no tiene nada que ver con un pedazo real de postre.
a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context
ambigüedad léxica, polisemia
the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function
reduplicación, duplicación
La reduplicación puede servir varias funciones en los idiomas, incluyendo énfasis, disminución o la creación de expresiones onomatopéyicas.
a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function
bloqueo, obstrucción
a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system
regla léxica, principio léxico
a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language
sniglet, palabra inventada lúdica
the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning
correspondencia fono-semántica, emparejamiento fono-semántico
