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Lingüística - Morfología y lexicología

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la morfología y la lexicología como "afijo", "tema" y "lexema".

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Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation
abbreviation
[Sustantivo]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

abreviatura

abreviatura

Ex: The textbook provided a key for all the abbreviations used throughout the chapters. 

El libro de texto proporcionó una clave para todas las abreviaturas utilizadas a lo largo de los capítulos.

affixation
affixation
[Sustantivo]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

afijación, proceso de afijación

afijación, proceso de afijación

affix
affix
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afijo

afijo

Ex: Learning affixes helps in understanding the etymology of words. 

Aprender los afijos ayuda a comprender la etimología de las palabras.

contraction
contraction
[Sustantivo]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

contracción

contracción

Ex: The contraction "we've" stands for "we have." 

La contracción "we've" significa "we have".

prefix
prefix
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

prefijo

prefijo

Ex: The dictionary provided a list of prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding. 

El diccionario proporcionó una lista de prefijos y sus significados para ayudar con la formación y comprensión de palabras.

ending
ending
[Sustantivo]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

terminación, desinencia

terminación, desinencia

suffix
suffix
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

sufijo

sufijo

Ex: Students practiced adding different suffixes to root words to see how their meanings changed. 

Los estudiantes practicaron agregar diferentes sufijos a las palabras raíz para ver cómo cambiaban sus significados.

acronym
acronym
[Sustantivo]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

acrónimo, sigla

acrónimo, sigla

Ex: The military often uses acronyms for complex terms. 

Los militares a menudo usan acrónimos para términos complejos.

blending
blending
[Sustantivo]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

mezcla, fusión

mezcla, fusión

numeronym
numeronym
[Sustantivo]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numerónimo, abreviatura numérica

numerónimo, abreviatura numérica

bound morpheme
bound morpheme
[Sustantivo]

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

morfema ligado, morfema dependiente

morfema ligado, morfema dependiente

circumfix
circumfix
[Sustantivo]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circunfijo, afijo circunfijo

circunfijo, afijo circunfijo

transfixation
transfixation
[Sustantivo]

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfixación, inserción morfológica

transfixación, inserción morfológica

analogy
analogy
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogía

analogía

Ex: Many children use analogy to form new words by mimicking the sounds of existing ones. 
coinage
coinage
[Sustantivo]

the process of inventing a word

neologismo

neologismo

stem
stem
[Sustantivo]

the form of a word to which inflectional affixes are added

raíz, tema

raíz, tema

Ex: An inflectional suffix can be attached directly to the stem. 
root
root
[Sustantivo]

(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes

raíz, lexema

raíz, lexema

Ex: "Write" is the root in "rewriting." 
free morpheme
free morpheme
[Sustantivo]

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

morfema libre, lexema independiente

morfema libre, lexema independiente

infix
infix
[Sustantivo]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infijo, morfema ligado insertado

infijo, morfema ligado insertado

clitic
clitic
[Sustantivo]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

clítico, elemento clítico

clítico, elemento clítico

word formation
word formation
[Sustantivo]

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

formación de palabras, derivación léxica

formación de palabras, derivación léxica

lexeme
lexeme
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexema

lexema

Ex: Linguists study lexemes to understand how words are related morphologically and semantically within a language. 

Los lingüistas estudian los lexemas para entender cómo las palabras están relacionadas morfológica y semánticamente dentro de un idioma.

derivation
derivation
[Sustantivo]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derivación, formación derivativa

derivación, formación derivativa

inflection
inflection
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flexión, desinencia

flexión, desinencia

Ex: Noun inflections in Russian indicate case, number, and gender. 

Las flexiones nominales en ruso indican caso, número y género.

back-formation
back-formation
[Sustantivo]

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

retroformación, derivación regresiva

retroformación, derivación regresiva

compounding
compounding
[Sustantivo]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

composición, formación de palabras compuestas

composición, formación de palabras compuestas

conversion
conversion
[Sustantivo]

a word-formation process in which a word changes grammatical category without any change in its form

conversión, derivación impropia

conversión, derivación impropia

Ex: The professor discussed conversion as a productive process in English. 
paradigm
paradigm
[Sustantivo]

a structured set showing how a word changes to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, or case

paradigma, tabla flexional

paradigma, tabla flexional

Ex: In Greek, each verb has a paradigm that learners must memorize to master conjugation. 

En griego, cada verbo tiene un paradigma que los estudiantes deben memorizar para dominar la conjugación.

lexicon
lexicon
[Sustantivo]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

léxico

léxico

Ex: A specialized lexicon is essential in technical fields like medicine or law, where precise terminology is crucial. 

Un lexicón especializado es esencial en campos técnicos como la medicina o el derecho, donde la terminología precisa es crucial.

clipping
clipping
[Sustantivo]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

acortamiento, truncamiento

acortamiento, truncamiento

Ex: Linguists examine clipping to understand how languages evolve and adapt, making communication more efficient by creating shorter, more manageable forms of words. 

Los lingüistas examinan el clipping para entender cómo evolucionan y se adaptan los idiomas, haciendo la comunicación más eficiente al crear formas de palabras más cortas y manejables.

hypocorism
hypocorism
[Sustantivo]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hipocorístico, diminutivo cariñoso

hipocorístico, diminutivo cariñoso

Ex: Linguists study hypocorism to understand how languages and cultures create and use affectionate or informal forms of names. 

Los lingüistas estudian el hipocorístico para entender cómo los idiomas y las culturas crean y usan formas afectuosas o informales de los nombres.

morphemization
morphemization
[Sustantivo]

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemización, proceso de morfemización

morfemización, proceso de morfemización

agglutination
agglutination
[Sustantivo]

a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

aglutinación, proceso de aglutinación

aglutinación, proceso de aglutinación

lexical morpheme
lexical morpheme
[Sustantivo]

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

morfema léxico, lexema

morfema léxico, lexema

vocabulary
vocabulary
[Sustantivo]

all the words used in a particular language, field, or subject

vocabulario

vocabulario

Ex: Emma struggled with the technical vocabulary used in the computer manual. 
derivative
derivative
[Sustantivo]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derivado

derivado

Ex: She studied the derivatives of common prefixes. 

Ella estudió los derivados de los prefijos comunes.

base
base
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

base, raíz

base, raíz

Ex: The base "child" can expand to "childish" or "childhood." 
nominalization
nominalization
[Sustantivo]

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalización, sustantivación

nominalización, sustantivación

lexicalization
lexicalization
[Sustantivo]

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexicalización, proceso de lexicalización

lexicalización, proceso de lexicalización

diminutive
diminutive
[Sustantivo]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutivo, palabra cariñosa

diminutivo, palabra cariñosa

Ex: The term "bottlelet" employs a diminutive to describe a very small bottle. 

El término "bottlelet" emplea un diminutivo para describir una botella muy pequeña.

protologism
protologism
[Sustantivo]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologismo, neologismo incipiente

protologismo, neologismo incipiente

ghost word
ghost word
[Sustantivo]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

palabra fantasma, palabra errónea

palabra fantasma, palabra errónea

pseudoword
pseudoword
[Sustantivo]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudopalabra, palabra ficticia

pseudopalabra, palabra ficticia

nonce word
nonce word
[Sustantivo]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

palabra ocasional, neologismo efímero

palabra ocasional, neologismo efímero

hapax legomenon
hapax legomenon
[Sustantivo]

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, palabra o forma única

hapax legomenon, palabra o forma única

morph
morph
[Sustantivo]

the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning

morfema, morph

morfema, morph

Ex: In "cats," cat and -s are separate morphs. 

En « gatos », gato y -s son morfemas separados.

morpheme
morpheme
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfema

morfema

Ex: Understanding morphemes helps linguists analyze how words are formed and how they convey meaning. 

Entender los morfemas ayuda a los lingüistas a analizar cómo se forman las palabras y cómo transmiten significado.

functional morpheme

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

morfema funcional, morfema gramatical

morfema funcional, morfema gramatical

lexical unit
lexical unit
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

unidad léxica

unidad léxica

portmanteau word
portmanteau word
[Sustantivo]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

palabra híbrida

palabra híbrida

Ex: In linguistics, a portmanteau word merges the sounds and meanings of two different words to create a new, unique term. 

En lingüística, una palabra portmanteau combina los sonidos y significados de dos palabras diferentes para crear un término nuevo y único.

lexis
lexis
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

léxico

léxico

word
word
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

palabra

palabra

Ex: The word "science" comes from the Latin word "scientia", which means knowledge. 
collocation
collocation
[Sustantivo]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

colocación, coaparición

colocación, coaparición

Ex: He found that learning collocations was more effective than memorizing individual vocabulary words. 

Él descubrió que aprender colocaciones era más efectivo que memorizar palabras de vocabulario individuales.

idiom
idiom
[Sustantivo]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

modismo, giro

modismo, giro

Ex: The phrase 'spill the beans' is an idiom that means to reveal a secret, rather than literally causing beans to fall. 

La frase 'spill the beans' es un modismo que significa revelar un secreto, en lugar de hacer caer frijoles literalmente.

lexical ambiguity
lexical ambiguity
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

ambigüedad léxica, polisemia

ambigüedad léxica, polisemia

reduplication
reduplication
[Sustantivo]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplicación, duplicación

reduplicación, duplicación

Ex: Linguists study reduplication to understand how languages use repetition to create new words, intensify meaning, or indicate grammatical aspects such as plurality or verb tense. 

Los lingüistas estudian la reduplicación para entender cómo los idiomas utilizan la repetición para crear nuevas palabras, intensificar el significado o indicar aspectos gramaticales como la pluralidad o el tiempo verbal.

blocking
blocking
[Sustantivo]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

bloqueo, obstrucción

bloqueo, obstrucción

lexical rule
lexical rule
[Sustantivo]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

regla léxica, principio léxico

regla léxica, principio léxico

sniglet
sniglet
[Sustantivo]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, palabra inventada lúdica

sniglet, palabra inventada lúdica

phono-semantic matching

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

correspondencia fono-semántica, emparejamiento fono-semántico

correspondencia fono-semántica, emparejamiento fono-semántico

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