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Lingüística - Morfología y Lexicología

Aquí aprenderá algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la morfología y la lexicología, como "afix", "stem" y "lexeme".

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Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation
[Sustantivo]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

abreviatura

abreviatura

Ex: When writing a report , be sure to define abbreviations the first time you use them .
affixation
[Sustantivo]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

afixación, afijación

afixación, afijación

affix
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afijo

afijo

Ex: In linguisticsaffixes play a crucial role in word formation and derivation .
contraction
[Sustantivo]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

contracción

contracción

Ex: Contractions are often used in informal writing and speech .
prefix
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

prefijo

prefijo

Ex: The dictionary provided a list prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding .
ending
[Sustantivo]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

terminación, desinencia

terminación, desinencia

suffix
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

sufijo

sufijo

Ex: Students practiced adding different suffixes to root words to see how their meanings changed.
acronym
[Sustantivo]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

acrónimo, abrevación

acrónimo, abrevación

Ex: The company name was created as acronym from its founders ' initials .
blending
[Sustantivo]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

combinación, fusión

combinación, fusión

numeronym
[Sustantivo]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

númerónimo, numéronimo

númerónimo, numéronimo

bound morpheme
[Sustantivo]

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

morfema ligado, morfema dependiente

morfema ligado, morfema dependiente

circumfix
[Sustantivo]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circunfijo, circunfijos

circunfijo, circunfijos

transfixation
[Sustantivo]

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfijación, transfijación morfológica

transfijación, transfijación morfológica

analogy
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogía

analogía

Ex: The study analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers .
coinage
[Sustantivo]

the process of inventing a word

neologismo

neologismo

stem
[Sustantivo]

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

raíz, lexema

raíz, lexema

root
[Sustantivo]

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

raíz, lexema

raíz, lexema

free morpheme
[Sustantivo]

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

morfema libre, morfema independiente

morfema libre, morfema independiente

infix
[Sustantivo]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infixo, infixo morfémico

infixo, infixo morfémico

clitic
[Sustantivo]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

clítico, clítica

clítico, clítica

word formation
[Sustantivo]

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

formación de palabras, constitución de palabras

formación de palabras, constitución de palabras

lexeme
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexema

lexema

Ex: lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .
derivation
[Sustantivo]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derivación, derivado

derivación, derivado

inflection
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flexión, desinencia

flexión, desinencia

Ex: inflection is essential for mastering highly inflected languages like Finnish .
back-formation
[Sustantivo]

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

retroformación, formación inversa

retroformación, formación inversa

compounding
[Sustantivo]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

composición, compuesto

composición, compuesto

conversion
[Sustantivo]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

conversión, cambio de categoría gramatical

conversión, cambio de categoría gramatical

paradigm
[Sustantivo]

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

paradigma, modelo

paradigma, modelo

lexicon
[Sustantivo]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

léxico

léxico

Ex: Building a lexicon through reading and exposure to different contexts enriches one 's language skills and communication abilities .
clipping
[Sustantivo]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

abridamiento, recorte

abridamiento, recorte

Ex: The process of clipping often retains the original word's meaning and can occur in various parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
hypocorism
[Sustantivo]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hipocorismo, hipocorística

hipocorismo, hipocorística

Ex: The formation hypocorisms can involve various linguistic processes such as clipping , adding diminutive suffixes , or phonetic modification .
morphemization
[Sustantivo]

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfenización, morfematización

morfenización, morfematización

agglutination
[Sustantivo]

a morphological process in language where affixes are added to a root or base word in a clear, one-to-one fashion, each affix typically expressing a single grammatical or semantic meaning, resulting in a string of affixes attached to the root without any change in the affixes themselves

aglutinación, aglutinamiento

aglutinación, aglutinamiento

lexical morpheme
[Sustantivo]

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

morfema léxico, morfema semántico

morfema léxico, morfema semántico

vocabulary
[Sustantivo]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

vocabulario

vocabulario

Ex: She uses a vocabulary app on her phone to learn new English words.
derivative
[Sustantivo]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derivado

derivado

Ex: Linguists analyze derivatives evolve over time .
base
[Sustantivo]

the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

base, raíz

base, raíz

nominalization
[Sustantivo]

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalización, nominalización de la palabra

nominalización, nominalización de la palabra

lexicalization
[Sustantivo]

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexicalización, lexicalización de expresiones

lexicalización, lexicalización de expresiones

diminutive
[Sustantivo]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutivo, diminutiva

diminutivo, diminutiva

Ex: "Teacup" is a diminutive form of "cup," indicating a smaller version.
protologism
[Sustantivo]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologismo, neologismo no aceptado

protologismo, neologismo no aceptado

ghost word
[Sustantivo]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

palabra fantasma, término inexistente

palabra fantasma, término inexistente

pseudoword
[Sustantivo]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

seudopalabra, pseudotérmino

seudopalabra, pseudotérmino

nonce word
[Sustantivo]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

palabra de ocasión, término de un solo uso

palabra de ocasión, término de un solo uso

hapax legomenon
[Sustantivo]

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legómeno, hapax legomenon

hapax legómeno, hapax legomenon

morph
[Sustantivo]

the smallest meaningful unit of language that carries a distinct semantic or grammatical function and cannot be further divided into smaller parts with independent meaning

morfema, morphema

morfema, morphema

morpheme
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfema

morfema

Ex: The study morphemes, known as morphology , examines how these units combine to create complex words .

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

morfema funcional, morfema gramatical

morfema funcional, morfema gramatical

lexical unit
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

unidad léxica

unidad léxica

portmanteau word
[Sustantivo]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

palabra híbrida

palabra híbrida

Ex: The creation portmanteau words can be playful and creative , as seen in " chillax , " a combination of " chill " and " relax . "
lexis
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

léxico

léxico

word
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

palabra

palabra

Ex: Understanding word in a sentence helps with comprehension .
collocation
[Sustantivo]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

colocación, coaparición

colocación, coaparición

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of collocation.
idiom
[Sustantivo]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

modismo, giro

modismo, giro

Ex: idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .
lexical ambiguity
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

ambigüedad léxica, ambigüedad de significado

ambigüedad léxica, ambigüedad de significado

reduplication
[Sustantivo]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplicación, reduplicado

reduplicación, reduplicado

Ex: Reduplication can serve various functions across languages , including emphasis , diminishment , or the creation of onomatopoeic expressions .
blocking
[Sustantivo]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

bloqueo, interferencia

bloqueo, interferencia

lexical rule
[Sustantivo]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

regla léxica, norma léxica

regla léxica, norma léxica

sniglet
[Sustantivo]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, palabra inventada

sniglet, palabra inventada

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

coincidencia fono-semántica, emparejamiento fono-semántico

coincidencia fono-semántica, emparejamiento fono-semántico

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