Lingüística - Morfología y lexicología
Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la morfología y la lexicología como "afijo", "tema" y "lexema".
Revisión
Tarjetas de memoria
Ortografía
Cuestionario
the shortened form of a word, etc.

abreviatura
El libro de texto proporcionó una clave para todas las abreviaturas utilizadas a lo largo de los capítulos.
a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

afijación, proceso de afijación
(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afijo
Aprender los afijos ayuda a comprender la etimología de las palabras.
a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

contracción
La contracción "we've" significa "we have".
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

prefijo
El diccionario proporcionó una lista de prefijos y sus significados para ayudar con la formación y comprensión de palabras.
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

sufijo
Los estudiantes practicaron agregar diferentes sufijos a las palabras raíz para ver cómo cambiaban sus significados.
a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

acrónimo, sigla
Los militares a menudo usan acrónimos para términos complejos.
a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

mezcla, fusión
a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numerónimo, abreviatura numérica
a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

morfema ligado, morfema dependiente
a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circunfijo, afijo circunfijo
a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfixación, inserción morfológica
(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogía
the form of a word to which inflectional affixes are added

raíz, tema
(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes

raíz, lexema
a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

morfema libre, lexema independiente
a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infijo, morfema ligado insertado
a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

clítico, elemento clítico
the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

formación de palabras, derivación léxica
(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexema
Los lingüistas estudian los lexemas para entender cómo las palabras están relacionadas morfológica y semánticamente dentro de un idioma.
a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derivación, formación derivativa
(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flexión, desinencia
Las flexiones nominales en ruso indican caso, número y género.
a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

retroformación, derivación regresiva
a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

composición, formación de palabras compuestas
a word-formation process in which a word changes grammatical category without any change in its form

conversión, derivación impropia
a structured set showing how a word changes to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, or case

paradigma, tabla flexional
En griego, cada verbo tiene un paradigma que los estudiantes deben memorizar para dominar la conjugación.
the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

léxico
Un lexicón especializado es esencial en campos técnicos como la medicina o el derecho, donde la terminología precisa es crucial.
the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

acortamiento, truncamiento
Los lingüistas examinan el clipping para entender cómo evolucionan y se adaptan los idiomas, haciendo la comunicación más eficiente al crear formas de palabras más cortas y manejables.
a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hipocorístico, diminutivo cariñoso
Los lingüistas estudian el hipocorístico para entender cómo los idiomas y las culturas crean y usan formas afectuosas o informales de los nombres.
the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemización, proceso de morfemización
a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

aglutinación, proceso de aglutinación
a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

morfema léxico, lexema
all the words used in a particular language, field, or subject

vocabulario
(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derivado
Ella estudió los derivados de los prefijos comunes.
(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

base, raíz
a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalización, sustantivación
a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexicalización, proceso de lexicalización
a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutivo, palabra cariñosa
El término "bottlelet" emplea un diminutivo para describir una botella muy pequeña.
a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologismo, neologismo incipiente
a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

palabra fantasma, palabra errónea
a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudopalabra, palabra ficticia
a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

palabra ocasional, neologismo efímero
a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, palabra o forma única
the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning

morfema, morph
En « gatos », gato y -s son morfemas separados.
(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfema
Entender los morfemas ayuda a los lingüistas a analizar cómo se forman las palabras y cómo transmiten significado.
a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

morfema funcional, morfema gramatical
(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

unidad léxica
a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

palabra híbrida
En lingüística, una palabra portmanteau combina los sonidos y significados de dos palabras diferentes para crear un término nuevo y único.
(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

léxico
(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

palabra
a particular combination of words that are used together very often

colocación, coaparición
Él descubrió que aprender colocaciones era más efectivo que memorizar palabras de vocabulario individuales.
a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

modismo, giro
La frase 'spill the beans' es un modismo que significa revelar un secreto, en lugar de hacer caer frijoles literalmente.
a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

ambigüedad léxica, polisemia
the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplicación, duplicación
Los lingüistas estudian la reduplicación para entender cómo los idiomas utilizan la repetición para crear nuevas palabras, intensificar el significado o indicar aspectos gramaticales como la pluralidad o el tiempo verbal.
a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

bloqueo, obstrucción
a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

regla léxica, principio léxico
a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, palabra inventada lúdica
the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

correspondencia fono-semántica, emparejamiento fono-semántico
