Лингвистика - Морфология и лексикология

the shortened form of a word, etc.

сокращение

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

аффиксация, фиксация

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

аффикс

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

сокращенная форма

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

приставка

the last part of a word, added to the main part

окончание

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

суффикс

an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of a group of words, which can be pronounced as a word

инициальное сокращение

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

смешение, слияние

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

нумероним, нумеронимы

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

связывающий морфем, зависимая морфема

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

циркумфикс

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

трансфиксирование

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

аналогия

the process of inventing a word

изобретения слова

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

основание, корень

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

корень, основа

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

свободный морфем, независимая морфема

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

инфикс

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

клитика, клитический элемент

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

словотворение, образование слов

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

лексема

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

деривация, образование

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

флексия

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

обратное словообразование, ретроформация

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

компоновка, сложение

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

конверсия, перевод

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

парадигма, модель

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

лексика

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

клиппинг, сокращение

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

гипокоризм

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

морфемизация, морфемизация

a morphological process in language where affixes are added to a root or base word in a clear, one-to-one fashion, each affix typically expressing a single grammatical or semantic meaning, resulting in a string of affixes attached to the root without any change in the affixes themselves

агглютинация, лингвистическая агглютинация

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

лексический морфем, содержательный морфем

all the words used in a particular language or subject

лексика

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

производное слово

the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

основа, корень

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

номинализация, номинализация языковая

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

лексикализация, лексикализация

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

уменьшительное, уменьшительная форма

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

протологизм

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

призрачное слово, недостоверное слово

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

псевдослово, ложное слово

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

разовый термин, единичное слово

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

гапакс легоменон, гапакс

the smallest meaningful unit of language that carries a distinct semantic or grammatical function and cannot be further divided into smaller parts with independent meaning

морф, морфема

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

морфема

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

функциональный морфем, грамматический морфем

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

лексическая единица

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

словослияние

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

словарный запас

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

слово

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

слово-партнер

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

идиома

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

лексическая амфиболия, лексическая многозначность

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

редупликация, двойное повторение

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

блокировка, препятствие

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

лексическое правило, лексический принцип

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

сниглет, шутливое слово

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

фоносемантическое соответствие, фоносемантическое сопоставление