言語学 - Morphology and Lexicology
ここでは、"接辞"、"語幹"、"語彙素"などの形態論と語彙論に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。
レビュー
フラッシュカード
綴り
クイズ
the shortened form of a word, etc.
略語, 省略形
レポートを書く際は、初めて使用する略語を必ず定義してください。
a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words
接辞添加, 接辞添加の過程
(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning
接辞, 接尾辞/接頭辞
英語の文法には、接辞の種類として接頭辞と接尾辞が含まれます。
a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form
短縮, 短縮形
カジュアルなスピーチでは、「しない」や「しなかった」のような短縮形が頻繁に使われます。
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
接頭辞
'pre-'や'dis-'などの一般的な接頭辞を理解することは、生徒が知らない単語を解読するのに役立ちます。
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
接尾辞, 語尾
'quick'に接尾辞 '-ly'を追加すると、単語が'quickly'に変わり、副詞になります。
a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word
頭字語, 略語
NASAは、National Aeronautics and Space Administrationの頭字語です。
a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words
混合, 融合
a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase
ヌメロニム, 数字略語
a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning
拘束形態素, 依存形態素
a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end
周囲接辞, 周囲接辞のアフィックス
a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category
トランスフィクセーション, 形態的挿入
(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations
類推, 類似
類推の研究は、言語が話し手のニーズにどのように適応するかを示しています。
(in linguistics) the base form of a word after removing affixes
語幹, 語根
「不幸」において、語幹は「幸せ」です。
(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes
語根, 語基
語根は「親切」の基礎です。
a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence
接語, 接語要素
the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language
語形成, 語彙的派生
(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection
語彙素, 基本的な言語単位
語彙素は、言語における意味の最小単位であり、単語とそのすべての屈折形を含みます。
a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both
派生, 語形成
(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function
屈折, 語尾
英語の動詞の屈折は時制を示します。"walk"と"walked"のように。
a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech
逆成, 退行的派生
a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words
複合, 複合語形成プロセス
a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun
転換, 不適切な派生
a structured set showing how a word changes to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, or case
パラダイム, 変化表
動詞 'run' のパラダイムは次の通りです：run, runs, ran, running。
the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses
語彙, 辞書
言語の語彙は、話者が意味を伝えるために使用するすべての単語やフレーズを含んでいます。
the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables
切り捨て, 短縮
クリッピングは、言語学における形態論的プロセスで、より長い単語がその意味を変えずに短縮され、しばしばよりカジュアルまたは親しみやすい用語になることです。
a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy
ヒポコリズム, 愛称
ヒポコリズムは、適切な名前の愛称や愛情を込めた形式の使用であり、多くの場合、元の名前の短縮版または変更版を含みます。
the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words
形態素化, 形態素化の過程
a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form
膠着, 膠着過程
a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word
語彙形態素, レキセム
all the words used in a particular language or subject
語彙, ボキャブラリー
初心者にとって、彼のスペイン語の語彙はかなり広いです。
(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base
派生語, 派生した言葉
「幸福」という言葉は「幸せ」の派生語です。
(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word
基底, 語根
「sunflower」のような英語の複合語は、二つの基語（「sun」＋「flower」）を組み合わせる。
a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities
名詞化, 名詞転換
a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage
語彙化, 語彙化の過程
a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity
指小辞, 愛称
「アヒルの子」という単語は「アヒル」の指小形です。
a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community
プロトロジズム, 新造語
a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources
幽霊語, 誤語
a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language
疑似語, 架空の単語
a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage
一時的な言葉, はかない新語
a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text
ハパックス・レゴメノン, 特定のテキスト内で一度だけ現れる単語または形式
the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning
形態素, モーフ
複数形の接尾辞 -s は、複数を示す形態素です。
(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided
形態素, 最小意味単位
言語学において、形態素は言語における意味または文法的機能の最小単位です。
a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning
機能形態素, 文法形態素
(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language
語彙単位, 語彙要素
a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds
かばん語, ポートマントー語
「ブランチ」という用語は、「朝食」と「昼食」を組み合わせたかばん語です。
(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words
語彙, レキシコン
(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning
単語, 言葉
「友情」という言葉は彼女にとって特別な意味を持っています。
a particular combination of words that are used together very often
コロケーション, 語の組み合わせ
言語学習において、コロケーションを理解することは、単語を最も自然で一般的な組み合わせで使用するのに役立ちます。
a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture
慣用句, イディオム
イディオム 'kick the bucket' は死ぬことを意味し、その意味はバケツを蹴るという文字通りの解釈とはかなり異なります。
a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context
語彙的曖昧さ, 多義性
the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function
重複, 反復
重複は、言語学における形態論的プロセスであり、単語の一部または全体が繰り返され、文法的または意味的な変化を伝えるものです。
a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function
ブロッキング, 阻止
a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system
語彙規則, 語彙原則
a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language
スニグレット, 遊び心のある造語
the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning
音意味的マッチング, 音声意味的対応
