pattern

언어학 - 형태론과 어휘학

여기서는 "affix", "stem", "lexeme"과 같은 형태론 및 어휘론과 관련된 영어 단어를 배우게 됩니다.

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Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation
[명사]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

약어, 줄임말

약어, 줄임말

Ex: When writing a report , be sure to define abbreviations the first time you use them .
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affixation
[명사]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

부착, 접사화

부착, 접사화

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affix
[명사]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

접사, 어미

접사, 어미

Ex: In linguisticsaffixes play a crucial role in word formation and derivation .
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contraction
[명사]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

축약형, 축약어

축약형, 축약어

Ex: Contractions are often used in informal writing and speech .
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prefix
[명사]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

접두사, 접두어

접두사, 접두어

Ex: The dictionary provided a list prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding .
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ending
[명사]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

어미, 어미 첨가어

어미, 어미 첨가어

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suffix
[명사]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

접미사, 어미

접미사, 어미

Ex: Students practiced adding different suffixes to root words to see how their meanings changed.
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acronym
[명사]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

두문자어, 약어

두문자어, 약어

Ex: The company name was created as acronym from its founders ' initials .
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blending
[명사]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

혼합어, 혼성어

혼합어, 혼성어

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numeronym
[명사]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

숫자약어, 넘어님

숫자약어, 넘어님

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a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

결합형 형태소, 붙음 형태소

결합형 형태소, 붙음 형태소

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circumfix
[명사]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

주위 부착물, 주위 접사

주위 부착물, 주위 접사

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a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

형태적 변형, 단어 내 삽입

형태적 변형, 단어 내 삽입

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analogy
[명사]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

비유, 유추

비유, 유추

Ex: The study analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers .
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coinage
[명사]

the process of inventing a word

신조어 생성, 신어 창출

신조어 생성, 신어 창출

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stem
[명사]

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

어간, 어뿌리

어간, 어뿌리

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root
[명사]

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

어근, 어원

어근, 어원

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a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

자유 형태소, 독립형태소

자유 형태소, 독립형태소

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infix
[명사]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

삽입 형태소, 중간 형태소

삽입 형태소, 중간 형태소

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clitic
[명사]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

클리틱, 붙임어

클리틱, 붙임어

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the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

단어 형성, 어휘 생성

단어 형성, 어휘 생성

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lexeme
[명사]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

어휘 단위, 렉셈

어휘 단위, 렉셈

Ex: lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .
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derivation
[명사]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

파생, 파생어

파생, 파생어

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inflection
[명사]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

어미 변화, 굴절

어미 변화, 굴절

Ex: inflection is essential for mastering highly inflected languages like Finnish .
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a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

후형성, 후형 주조

후형성, 후형 주조

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compounding
[명사]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

합성어 형성, 복합어 생성

합성어 형성, 복합어 생성

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conversion
[명사]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

전환, 변환

전환, 변환

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paradigm
[명사]

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

패러다임, 어형 변주

패러다임, 어형 변주

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lexicon
[명사]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

어휘, 사전

어휘, 사전

Ex: Building a lexicon through reading and exposure to different contexts enriches one 's language skills and communication abilities .
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clipping
[명사]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

단축어, 클리핑

단축어, 클리핑

Ex: The process of clipping often retains the original word's meaning and can occur in various parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
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hypocorism
[명사]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

혼명어 (Honmyeongeo), 애칭어 (Aechingeo)

혼명어 (Honmyeongeo), 애칭어 (Aechingeo)

Ex: The formation hypocorisms can involve various linguistic processes such as clipping , adding diminutive suffixes , or phonetic modification .
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the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

형태소화, 형태소 처리

형태소화, 형태소 처리

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a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

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a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

어휘형태소, 어휘형태소 단어

어휘형태소, 어휘형태소 단어

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vocabulary
[명사]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

어휘, 단어장

어휘, 단어장

Ex: She uses a vocabulary app on her phone to learn new English words.
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derivative
[명사]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

파생어, 파생물

파생어, 파생물

Ex: Linguists analyze derivatives evolve over time .
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base
[명사]

the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

어간, 기초형

어간, 기초형

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a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

명사화, 명사형성

명사화, 명사형성

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a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

어휘화, 어휘화 과정

어휘화, 어휘화 과정

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diminutive
[명사]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

축소어, 애칭어

축소어, 애칭어

Ex: "Teacup" is a diminutive form of "cup," indicating a smaller version.
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protologism
[명사]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

신조어, 신어

신조어, 신어

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ghost word
[명사]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

유령어, 허구어

유령어, 허구어

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pseudoword
[명사]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

가짜 단어, 허구 단어

가짜 단어, 허구 단어

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nonce word
[명사]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

임시어, 독창적인 용어

임시어, 독창적인 용어

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a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

일회 출현어, 단지 한 번 나타나는 어휘

일회 출현어, 단지 한 번 나타나는 어휘

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morph
[명사]

the smallest meaningful unit of language that carries a distinct semantic or grammatical function and cannot be further divided into smaller parts with independent meaning

형태소, 모르프

형태소, 모르프

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morpheme
[명사]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

형태소, 형태 단위

형태소, 형태 단위

Ex: The study morphemes, known as morphology , examines how these units combine to create complex words .
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a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

기능적 형태소, 기능 형태소

기능적 형태소, 기능 형태소

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lexical unit
[명사]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

어휘 단위, 어휘 요소

어휘 단위, 어휘 요소

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a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

포트맨토 단어, 합성어

포트맨토 단어, 합성어

Ex: The creation portmanteau words can be playful and creative , as seen in " chillax , " a combination of " chill " and " relax . "
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lexis
[명사]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

어휘, 어휘군

어휘, 어휘군

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word
[명사]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

단어, 어휘

단어, 어휘

Ex: Understanding word in a sentence helps with comprehension .
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collocation
[명사]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

연어, 결합어

연어, 결합어

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of collocation.
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idiom
[명사]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

관용구, 숙어

관용구, 숙어

Ex: idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .
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a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

어휘적 애매성, 단어의 다의성

어휘적 애매성, 단어의 다의성

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the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

중복화, 중복

중복화, 중복

Ex: Reduplication can serve various functions across languages , including emphasis , diminishment , or the creation of onomatopoeic expressions .
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blocking
[명사]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

저지, 차단

저지, 차단

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lexical rule
[명사]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

어휘 규칙, 어휘 법칙

어휘 규칙, 어휘 법칙

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sniglet
[명사]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

스니글렛, 장난스러운 단어

스니글렛, 장난스러운 단어

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the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

음소 의미 일치, 소리 의미 대응

음소 의미 일치, 소리 의미 대응

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