Lingguwistika - Morphology and Lexicology
Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa morpolohiya at leksikolohiya tulad ng "affix", "stem", at "lexeme".
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Pagsusulit
the shortened form of a word, etc.
pagpapaikli, daglat
Ang aklat-aralin ay nagbigay ng isang susi para sa lahat ng pagdadaglat na ginamit sa buong mga kabanata.
a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words
pagkakabit, proseso ng pagkakabit
(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning
panlapi, hulapi/unlapi
Ang gramatika ng Ingles ay kinabibilangan ng mga prefix at suffix bilang mga uri ng affix.
a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form
pag-ikli, pinaikling anyo
Sa pang-araw-araw na pagsasalita, ang mga pag-urong tulad ng "huwag" at "hindi" ay madalas gamitin.
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
panlapi
Sa aralin ng bokabularyo, tumuon sila sa kung paano mababago ng mga panlapi ang mga kahulugan ng mga salitang-ugat.
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
hulapi, suffix
Ang pag-unawa kung paano binabago ng mga suffix ang mga salita ay mahalaga para mapalawak ang bokabularyo at mapabuti ang mga kasanayan sa pagsusulat.
a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word
akronim, daglat
Ang NASA ay isang akronim para sa National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words
paghahalo, pagsasanib
a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase
numeronym, numerikong pagdadaglat
a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning
nakataling morpema, nakadependeng morpema
a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end
circumfix, affix na circumfix
a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category
transpiksasyon, morpoholohikal na pagpasok
(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations
analohiya, pagkakatulad
Maraming bata ang gumagamit ng analohiya upang bumuo ng mga bagong salita sa pamamagitan ng panggagaya sa mga tunog ng mga umiiral na salita.
(in linguistics) the base form of a word after removing affixes
ugat, saligan
Sa « kalungkutan », ang ugat ay « masaya ».
(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes
ugat, salitang-ugat
Ang ugat ay ang batayan ng "kabaitan".
a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language
malayang morpema, malayang salita
a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word
infiks, nakataling morpem na isinisingit
a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence
klitik, elementong klitik
the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language
paghubog ng salita, leksikal na derivasyon
(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection
leksema, pangunahing yunit ng lingguwistika
Ang lexeme ay ang pinakamaliit na yunit ng kahulugan sa isang wika, na sumasaklaw sa parehong isang salita at lahat ng mga inflected na anyo nito.
a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both
deribasyon, proseso ng pagbuo ng salita
(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function
paglalapi, hulapi
Ang paglalapi ng pandiwa sa Ingles ay nagpapakita ng panahunan, tulad ng "walk" vs "walked".
a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech
back-formation, regressive derivation
a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words
pagbuo ng salita, proseso ng pagbuo ng tambalang salita
a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun
pagbabago, hindi tamang pagbuo ng salita
a structured set showing how a word changes to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, or case
paradaym, talahanayan ng pagbabanghay
Sinusunod ng mga pangngalang Latin ang mga partikular na paradigma upang ipakita ang mga dulo ng kaso tulad ng puella, puellae, puellam, atbp.
the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses
talasalitaan, bokabularyo
Ang leksikon ng isang wika ay sumasaklaw sa lahat ng mga salita at parirala na ginagamit ng mga nagsasalita upang makipag-usap ng kahulugan.
the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables
pagpapaikli, pag-clip
Ang clipping ay isang morpolohikal na proseso sa lingguwistika kung saan ang isang mas mahabang salita ay pinaikli nang hindi binabago ang kahulugan nito, na kadalasang nagreresulta sa isang mas kaswal o pamilyar na termino.
a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy
hipokorismo, palayaw
Ang hypocorism ay ang paggamit ng isang palayaw o mapagmahal na anyo ng isang wastong pangalan, na kadalasang may kasamang pinaikling o binagong bersyon ng orihinal na pangalan.
the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words
morpemisasyon, proseso ng morpemisasyon
a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form
aglutinasyon, proseso ng aglutinasyon
a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word
leksikal na morpema, leksema
all the words used in a particular language or subject
talasalitaan, bokabularyo
Ang kanyang talasalitaan sa Espanyol ay medyo malawak para sa isang baguhan.
(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base
hango, salitang hango
Ang salitang "kaligayahan" ay isang deribatibo ng "masaya".
(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word
base, ugat
Ang saligan na "bata" ay maaaring lumawak sa "batang-bata" o "kabataan".
a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities
pagpapangalan, pagsasapangngalan
a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage
leksikalisasyon, proseso ng leksikalisasyon
a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity
diminutibo, salitang nagpapakita ng pagmamahal
Ang salitang « sisiw » ay isang maliit na anyo ng salitang « itik ».
a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community
protologismo, bagong likhang salita
a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources
salitang multo, maling salita
a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language
pseudosalita, gawa-gawang salita
a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage
pansamantalang salita, bagong salitang pansamantala
a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text
hapax legomenon, salita o anyo na lumilitaw nang isang beses lamang
the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning
morpema, morph
Ang pangmaramihang hulapi -s ay isang morpema na nagpapahiwatig ng higit sa isa.
(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided
morpema, pinakamaliit na yunit ng kahulugan
Sa lingguwistika, ang morpema ay ang pinakamaliit na yunit ng kahulugan o gramatikal na function sa isang wika.
a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning
punsiyonal na morpema, gramatikal na morpema
(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language
yunit ng leksikal, elementong leksikal
a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds
salitang pinagsama, salitang portmanteau
Ang terminong "brunch" ay isang salitang pinagsama na pinagsasama ang "breakfast" at "lunch".
(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words
talasalitaan, bokabularyo
(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning
salita, kataga
Ang salitang "pagkakaibigan" ay may espesyal na kahulugan para sa kanya.
a particular combination of words that are used together very often
kolokasyon, kombinasyon ng mga salita
Sa pag-aaral ng wika, ang pag-unawa sa kolokasyon ay tumutulong sa paggamit ng mga salita sa kanilang pinaka-natural at karaniwang mga kombinasyon.
a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture
kawikaan, idyomatikong pahayag
Ang idiyoma na 'kick the bucket' ay nangangahulugang mamatay, at ang kahulugan nito ay medyo naiiba sa literal na interpretasyon ng pag-sipa sa isang balde.
a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context
kalabuan sa leksikal, polysemia
the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function
pag-uulit, reduplikasyon
Ang pag-uulit ay isang morpolohikal na proseso sa lingguwistika kung saan ang isang bahagi o ang buong salita ay inuulit upang magpahayag ng mga pagbabago sa balarila o semantiko.
a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function
pagharang, pagsagabal
a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system
tuntunin ng leksikal, prinsipyo ng leksikal
a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language
sniglet, malikhaing imbentong salita
the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning
tugma ng tunog-kahulugan, pagtutugma ng poniko-semantiko
