pattern

Lingguwistika - Morpolohiya at Leksikolohiya

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa morpolohiya at leksikolohiya tulad ng "affix", "stem", at "lexeme".

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Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation
[Pangngalan]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

pagpapaikli, daglat

pagpapaikli, daglat

Ex: When writing a report , be sure to define any abbreviations the first time you use them .Kapag nagsusulat ng ulat, siguraduhing tukuyin ang anumang **pagpapaikli** sa unang pagkakataon na gamitin mo ito.
affixation
[Pangngalan]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

pagkakabit, proseso ng pagkakabit

pagkakabit, proseso ng pagkakabit

affix
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

panlapi, hulapi/unlapi

panlapi, hulapi/unlapi

Ex: In linguistics , affixes play a crucial role in word formation and derivation .Sa lingguwistika, ang **mga affix** ay may mahalagang papel sa pagbuo at pagbabago ng mga salita.
contraction
[Pangngalan]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

pag-ikli, pinaikling anyo

pag-ikli, pinaikling anyo

Ex: Contractions are often used in informal writing and speech .Ang mga **contraction** ay madalas na ginagamit sa impormal na pagsusulat at pagsasalita.
prefix
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

panlapi

panlapi

Ex: The dictionary provided a list of prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding .Ang diksyunaryo ay nagbigay ng isang listahan ng mga **unlapi** at ang kanilang mga kahulugan upang makatulong sa pagbuo at pag-unawa ng mga salita.
ending
[Pangngalan]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

wakas, hulapi

wakas, hulapi

suffix
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

hulapi, suffix

hulapi, suffix

Ex: Students practiced adding different suffixes to root words to see how their meanings changed .Nagsanay ang mga estudyante sa pagdaragdag ng iba't ibang **suffix** sa mga root word upang makita kung paano nagbago ang kanilang mga kahulugan.
acronym
[Pangngalan]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

akronim, daglat

akronim, daglat

Ex: The company name was created as an acronym from its founders ' initials .Ang pangalan ng kumpanya ay nilikha bilang isang **akronim** mula sa mga inisyal ng mga tagapagtatag nito.
blending
[Pangngalan]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

paghahalo, pagsasanib

paghahalo, pagsasanib

numeronym
[Pangngalan]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeronym, numerikong pagdadaglat

numeronym, numerikong pagdadaglat

bound morpheme
[Pangngalan]

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

nakataling morpema, nakadependeng morpema

nakataling morpema, nakadependeng morpema

circumfix
[Pangngalan]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circumfix, affix na circumfix

circumfix, affix na circumfix

transfixation
[Pangngalan]

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transpiksasyon, morpoholohikal na pagpasok

transpiksasyon, morpoholohikal na pagpasok

analogy
[Pangngalan]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analohiya, pagkakatulad

analohiya, pagkakatulad

Ex: The study of analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers .Ang pag-aaral ng **analohiya** ay nagpapakita kung paano umaangkop ang wika sa mga pangangailangan ng mga nagsasalita nito.
coinage
[Pangngalan]

the process of inventing a word

pag-imbento ng salita, paglikha ng salita

pag-imbento ng salita, paglikha ng salita

stem
[Pangngalan]

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

ugat, saligan

ugat, saligan

root
[Pangngalan]

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

ugat, batayan

ugat, batayan

free morpheme
[Pangngalan]

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

malayang morpema, malayang salita

malayang morpema, malayang salita

infix
[Pangngalan]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infiks, nakataling morpem na isinisingit

infiks, nakataling morpem na isinisingit

clitic
[Pangngalan]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

klitik, elementong klitik

klitik, elementong klitik

word formation
[Pangngalan]

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

paghubog ng salita, leksikal na derivasyon

paghubog ng salita, leksikal na derivasyon

lexeme
[Pangngalan]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

leksema, pangunahing yunit ng lingguwistika

leksema, pangunahing yunit ng lingguwistika

Ex: Analyzing lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .Ang pagsusuri sa mga **lexeme** ay tumutulong sa pagkilala sa mga pattern ng pagbuo at paggamit ng salita sa iba't ibang konteksto ng wika.
derivation
[Pangngalan]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

deribasyon, proseso ng pagbuo ng salita

deribasyon, proseso ng pagbuo ng salita

inflection
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

paglalapi, hulapi

paglalapi, hulapi

Ex: Understanding inflection is essential for mastering highly inflected languages like Finnish .Ang pag-unawa sa **paglalapi** ay mahalaga para sa pagmaster ng mga wikang may mataas na paglalapi tulad ng Finnish.
back-formation
[Pangngalan]

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

back-formation, regressive derivation

back-formation, regressive derivation

compounding
[Pangngalan]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

pagbuo ng salita, proseso ng pagbuo ng tambalang salita

pagbuo ng salita, proseso ng pagbuo ng tambalang salita

conversion
[Pangngalan]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

pagbabago, hindi tamang pagbuo ng salita

pagbabago, hindi tamang pagbuo ng salita

paradigm
[Pangngalan]

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

paradaym, modelo

paradaym, modelo

lexicon
[Pangngalan]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

talasalitaan, bokabularyo

talasalitaan, bokabularyo

Ex: Building a diverse lexicon through reading and exposure to different contexts enriches one 's language skills and communication abilities .Ang pagbuo ng isang magkakaibang **leksikon** sa pamamagitan ng pagbabasa at pagkalantad sa iba't ibang konteksto ay nagpapayaman sa mga kasanayan sa wika at kakayahan sa komunikasyon ng isang tao.
clipping
[Pangngalan]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

pagpapaikli, pag-clip

pagpapaikli, pag-clip

Ex: The process of clipping often retains the original word's meaning and can occur in various parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives.Ang proseso ng **clipping** ay madalas na nagpapanatili ng orihinal na kahulugan ng salita at maaaring mangyari sa iba't ibang bahagi ng pananalita, tulad ng mga pangngalan, pandiwa, at pang-uri.
hypocorism
[Pangngalan]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hipokorismo, palayaw

hipokorismo, palayaw

Ex: The formation of hypocorisms can involve various linguistic processes such as clipping , adding diminutive suffixes , or phonetic modification .Ang pagbuo ng **hypocorism** ay maaaring magsama ng iba't ibang prosesong lingguwistiko tulad ng pag-clip, pagdaragdag ng diminutive suffixes, o phonetic modification.
morphemization
[Pangngalan]

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morpemisasyon, proseso ng morpemisasyon

morpemisasyon, proseso ng morpemisasyon

agglutination
[Pangngalan]

a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

aglutinasyon, proseso ng aglutinasyon

aglutinasyon, proseso ng aglutinasyon

lexical morpheme
[Pangngalan]

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

leksikal na morpema, leksema

leksikal na morpema, leksema

vocabulary
[Pangngalan]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

talasalitaan, bokabularyo

talasalitaan, bokabularyo

Ex: She uses a vocabulary app on her phone to learn new English words.Gumagamit siya ng **vocabulary** app sa kanyang telepono para matuto ng mga bagong salitang Ingles.
derivative
[Pangngalan]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

hango, salitang hango

hango, salitang hango

Ex: Linguists analyze how derivatives evolve over time .Sinusuri ng mga lingguwista kung paano nagbabago ang mga **deribatibo** sa paglipas ng panahon.
base
[Pangngalan]

(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

base, ugat

base, ugat

nominalization
[Pangngalan]

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

pagpapangalan, pagsasapangngalan

pagpapangalan, pagsasapangngalan

lexicalization
[Pangngalan]

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

leksikalisasyon, proseso ng leksikalisasyon

leksikalisasyon, proseso ng leksikalisasyon

diminutive
[Pangngalan]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutibo, salitang nagpapakita ng pagmamahal

diminutibo, salitang nagpapakita ng pagmamahal

Ex: "Teacup" is a diminutive form of "cup," indicating a smaller version.Ang « **Teacup** » ay isang **diminutive** na anyo ng « cup », na nagpapahiwatig ng mas maliit na bersyon.
protologism
[Pangngalan]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologismo, bagong likhang salita

protologismo, bagong likhang salita

ghost word
[Pangngalan]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

salitang multo, maling salita

salitang multo, maling salita

pseudoword
[Pangngalan]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudosalita, gawa-gawang salita

pseudosalita, gawa-gawang salita

nonce word
[Pangngalan]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

pansamantalang salita, bagong salitang pansamantala

pansamantalang salita, bagong salitang pansamantala

hapax legomenon
[Pangngalan]

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, salita o anyo na lumilitaw nang isang beses lamang

hapax legomenon, salita o anyo na lumilitaw nang isang beses lamang

morph
[Pangngalan]

the smallest segment of a word's sound or written form that can be directly linked to a specific grammatical or lexical meaning

morpheme
[Pangngalan]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morpema, pinakamaliit na yunit ng kahulugan

morpema, pinakamaliit na yunit ng kahulugan

Ex: The study of morphemes, known as morphology , examines how these units combine to create complex words .Ang pag-aaral ng **morpema**, na kilala bilang morpolohiya, ay sinusuri kung paano pinagsasama-sama ang mga yunit na ito upang lumikha ng mga kumplikadong salita.

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

punsiyonal na morpema, gramatikal na morpema

punsiyonal na morpema, gramatikal na morpema

lexical unit
[Pangngalan]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

yunit ng leksikal, elementong leksikal

yunit ng leksikal, elementong leksikal

portmanteau word
[Pangngalan]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

salitang pinagsama, salitang portmanteau

salitang pinagsama, salitang portmanteau

Ex: The creation of portmanteau words can be playful and creative , as seen in " chillax , " a combination of " chill " and " relax . "Ang paglikha ng **mga salitang portmanteau** ay maaaring maging masaya at malikhain, tulad ng makikita sa "chillax", isang kombinasyon ng "chill" at "relax".
lexis
[Pangngalan]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

talasalitaan, bokabularyo

talasalitaan, bokabularyo

word
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

salita, kataga

salita, kataga

Ex: Understanding every word in a sentence helps with comprehension .Ang pag-unawa sa bawat **salita** sa isang pangungusap ay nakakatulong sa pag-unawa.
collocation
[Pangngalan]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kolokasyon, kombinasyon ng mga salita

kolokasyon, kombinasyon ng mga salita

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of each collocation.Ipinaliwanag ng guro ang kahulugan ng bawat **kolokasyon**.
idiom
[Pangngalan]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

kawikaan, idyomatikong pahayag

kawikaan, idyomatikong pahayag

Ex: The idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .Ang **idiyoma** na 'piece of cake' ay tumutukoy sa isang bagay na napakadaling gawin, na walang kinalaman sa isang aktwal na piraso ng dessert.
lexical ambiguity
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

kalabuan sa leksikal, polysemia

kalabuan sa leksikal, polysemia

reduplication
[Pangngalan]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

pag-uulit, reduplikasyon

pag-uulit, reduplikasyon

Ex: Reduplication can serve various functions across languages , including emphasis , diminishment , or the creation of onomatopoeic expressions .Ang **pag-uulit** ay maaaring magsilbi ng iba't ibang mga tungkulin sa mga wika, kabilang ang diin, pagbabawas, o paglikha ng mga ekspresyong onomatopeyiko.
blocking
[Pangngalan]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

pagharang, pagsagabal

pagharang, pagsagabal

lexical rule
[Pangngalan]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

tuntunin ng leksikal, prinsipyo ng leksikal

tuntunin ng leksikal, prinsipyo ng leksikal

sniglet
[Pangngalan]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, malikhaing imbentong salita

sniglet, malikhaing imbentong salita

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

tugma ng tunog-kahulugan, pagtutugma ng poniko-semantiko

tugma ng tunog-kahulugan, pagtutugma ng poniko-semantiko

Lingguwistika
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