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Linguistique - Morphologie et Lexicologie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la morphologie et à la lexicologie tels que "affixe", "radical" et "lexème".

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Words Related to Linguistics

the shortened form of a word, etc.

abréviation

abréviation

Ex: When writing a report , be sure to define any abbreviations the first time you use them .Lors de la rédaction d'un rapport, assurez-vous de définir toute **abréviation** la première fois que vous l'utilisez.

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

affixation, processus d'affixation

affixation, processus d'affixation

affix
[nom]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

affix

affix

Ex: In linguistics , affixes play a crucial role in word formation and derivation .En linguistique, les **affixes** jouent un rôle crucial dans la formation et la dérivation des mots.

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

contraction

contraction

Ex: Contractions are often used in informal writing and speech .Les **contractions** sont souvent utilisées dans l'écriture et le discours informels.
prefix
[nom]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

préfixe

préfixe

Ex: The dictionary provided a list of prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding .Le dictionnaire a fourni une liste de **préfixes** et de leurs significations pour aider à la formation et à la compréhension des mots.
ending
[nom]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

terminaison

terminaison

suffix
[nom]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

suffixe

suffixe

Ex: Students practiced adding different suffixes to root words to see how their meanings changed .Les étudiants ont pratiqué l'ajout de différents **suffixes** aux mots racines pour voir comment leurs significations changeaient.
acronym
[nom]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

acronyme, sigle

acronyme, sigle

Ex: The company name was created as an acronym from its founders ' initials .Le nom de l'entreprise a été créé comme un **acronyme** à partir des initiales de ses fondateurs.

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

mélange, fusion

mélange, fusion

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numéronyme, abréviation numérique

numéronyme, abréviation numérique

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

morphème lié, morphème dépendant

morphème lié, morphème dépendant

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circonfixe, affixe circonfixe

circonfixe, affixe circonfixe

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfixation, insertion morphologique

transfixation, insertion morphologique

analogy
[nom]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogie

analogie

Ex: The study of analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers .L'étude de l'**analogie** montre comment la langue s'adapte aux besoins de ses locuteurs.
coinage
[nom]

the process of inventing a word

néologisme

néologisme

stem
[nom]

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

radical, racine

radical, racine

root
[nom]

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

racine, base

racine, base

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

morphème libre, lexème indépendant

morphème libre, lexème indépendant

infix
[nom]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infixe, morphème lié inséré

infixe, morphème lié inséré

clitic
[nom]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

clitique, élément clitique

clitique, élément clitique

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

formation des mots, dérivation lexicale

formation des mots, dérivation lexicale

lexeme
[nom]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexème

lexème

Ex: Analyzing lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .L'analyse des **lexèmes** aide à identifier les modèles de formation et d'utilisation des mots dans différents contextes linguistiques.

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

dérivation, formation dérivationnelle

dérivation, formation dérivationnelle

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flexion, adjonction de désinence, déclinaison

flexion, adjonction de désinence, déclinaison

Ex: Understanding inflection is essential for mastering highly inflected languages like Finnish .Comprendre **l'inflexion** est essentiel pour maîtriser des langues hautement flexionnelles comme le finnois.

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

rétroformation, dérivation régressive

rétroformation, dérivation régressive

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

composition, formation de mots composés

composition, formation de mots composés

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

conversion, dérivation impropre

conversion, dérivation impropre

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

paradigme, modèle

paradigme, modèle

lexicon
[nom]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

annales, lexique

annales, lexique

Ex: Building a diverse lexicon through reading and exposure to different contexts enriches one 's language skills and communication abilities .Construire un **lexique** diversifié grâce à la lecture et à l'exposition à différents contextes enrichit les compétences linguistiques et les capacités de communication d'une personne.

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

troncation, abrègement

troncation, abrègement

Ex: The process of clipping often retains the original word's meaning and can occur in various parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives.Le processus de **clipping** conserve souvent le sens original du mot et peut se produire dans diverses parties du discours, telles que les noms, les verbes et les adjectifs.

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hypocoristique, diminutif affectueux

hypocoristique, diminutif affectueux

Ex: The formation of hypocorisms can involve various linguistic processes such as clipping , adding diminutive suffixes , or phonetic modification .La formation des **hypocorismes** peut impliquer divers processus linguistiques tels que le découpage, l'ajout de suffixes diminutifs ou la modification phonétique.

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morphémisation, processus de morphémisation

morphémisation, processus de morphémisation

a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

agglutination, processus d'agglutination

agglutination, processus d'agglutination

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

morphème lexical, lexème

morphème lexical, lexème

all the words used in a particular language or subject

vocabulaire

vocabulaire

Ex: She uses a vocabulary app on her phone to learn new English words.Elle utilise une application de **vocabulaire** sur son téléphone pour apprendre de nouveaux mots anglais.

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

dérivé

dérivé

Ex: Linguists analyze how derivatives evolve over time .Les linguistes analysent comment les **dérivés** évoluent au fil du temps.
base
[nom]

(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

base, radical

base, radical

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalisation, substantivation

nominalisation, substantivation

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexicalisation, processus de lexicalisation

lexicalisation, processus de lexicalisation

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutif, petit mot

diminutif, petit mot

Ex: "Teacup" is a diminutive form of "cup," indicating a smaller version.« **Teacup** » est une forme **diminutive** de « cup », indiquant une version plus petite.

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologisme, néologisme naissant

protologisme, néologisme naissant

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

mot fantôme, faux mot

mot fantôme, faux mot

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudomot, mot fictif

pseudomot, mot fictif

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

mot occasionnel, néologisme éphémère

mot occasionnel, néologisme éphémère

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, mot ou forme unique

hapax legomenon, mot ou forme unique

morph
[nom]

the smallest segment of a word's sound or written form that can be directly linked to a specific grammatical or lexical meaning

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morphème

morphème

Ex: The study of morphemes, known as morphology , examines how these units combine to create complex words .L'étude des **morphèmes**, connue sous le nom de morphologie, examine comment ces unités se combinent pour créer des mots complexes.

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

morphème fonctionnel, morphème grammatical

morphème fonctionnel, morphème grammatical

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

lexème

lexème

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

mot-valise

mot-valise

Ex: The creation of portmanteau words can be playful and creative , as seen in " chillax , " a combination of " chill " and " relax . "La création de **mots-valises** peut être ludique et créative, comme on le voit dans "chillax", une combinaison de "chill" et "relax".
lexis
[nom]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

vocabulaire

vocabulaire

word
[nom]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

mot

mot

Ex: Understanding every word in a sentence helps with comprehension .Comprendre chaque **mot** dans une phrase aide à la compréhension.

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

collocation

collocation

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of each collocation.Le professeur a expliqué la signification de chaque **collocation**.
idiom
[nom]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

expression idiomatique

expression idiomatique

Ex: The idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .L'**idiome** 'piece of cake' fait référence à quelque chose de très facile à faire, qui n'a rien à voir avec un vrai morceau de dessert.

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

ambiguïté lexicale, polysémie

ambiguïté lexicale, polysémie

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

redoublement, réduplication

redoublement, réduplication

Ex: Reduplication can serve various functions across languages , including emphasis , diminishment , or the creation of onomatopoeic expressions .La **redoublement** peut servir diverses fonctions à travers les langues, y compris l'emphase, la diminution ou la création d'expressions onomatopéiques.

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blocage, obstruction

blocage, obstruction

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

règle lexicale, principe lexical

règle lexicale, principe lexical

sniglet
[nom]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, mot inventé ludique

sniglet, mot inventé ludique

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

correspondance phono-sémantique, appariement phono-sémantique

correspondance phono-sémantique, appariement phono-sémantique

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