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Lingvistică - Morfologie și lexicologie

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte englezești legate de morfologie și lexicologie, cum ar fi „affix”, „stem” și „lexeme”.

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Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation
[substantiv]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

abreviere, scurtare

abreviere, scurtare

Ex: When writing a report , be sure to define abbreviations the first time you use them .
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affixation
[substantiv]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

afixare, atașare

afixare, atașare

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affix
[substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afixă, prefix/sufix

afixă, prefix/sufix

Ex: In linguisticsaffixes play a crucial role in word formation and derivation .
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contraction
[substantiv]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

contraction, abreviere

contraction, abreviere

Ex: Contractions are often used in informal writing and speech .
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prefix
[substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

prefix, prefix grammatical

prefix, prefix grammatical

Ex: The dictionary provided a list prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding .
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ending
[substantiv]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

sufix, terminație

sufix, terminație

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suffix
[substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

sufix, afix

sufix, afix

Ex: Students practiced adding different suffixes to root words to see how their meanings changed.
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acronym
[substantiv]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

acronim, acronimul

acronim, acronimul

Ex: The company name was created as acronym from its founders ' initials .
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blending
[substantiv]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

amestecare, combinare

amestecare, combinare

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numeronym
[substantiv]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeronim, abreviere numerică

numeronim, abreviere numerică

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bound morpheme
[substantiv]

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

morfem legat, morfem dependent

morfem legat, morfem dependent

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circumfix
[substantiv]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circumfix, afix circumfix

circumfix, afix circumfix

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transfixation
[substantiv]

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfixare, transfixație

transfixare, transfixație

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analogy
[substantiv]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogie, analogie lingvistică

analogie, analogie lingvistică

Ex: The study analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers .
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coinage
[substantiv]

the process of inventing a word

încercarea de a crea un cuvânt, coinaj

încercarea de a crea un cuvânt, coinaj

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stem
[substantiv]

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

rădăcină, stem

rădăcină, stem

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root
[substantiv]

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

rădăcină, lexem

rădăcină, lexem

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free morpheme
[substantiv]

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

morfem liber, morfem autonom

morfem liber, morfem autonom

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infix
[substantiv]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infix, morfem infix

infix, morfem infix

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clitic
[substantiv]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

clitic, clitică

clitic, clitică

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word formation
[substantiv]

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

formarea cuvintelor, formarea lexicală

formarea cuvintelor, formarea lexicală

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lexeme
[substantiv]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexem, lexemă

lexem, lexemă

Ex: lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .
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derivation
[substantiv]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derivație, derivare

derivație, derivare

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inflection
[substantiv]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

inflecție, flexiune

inflecție, flexiune

Ex: inflection is essential for mastering highly inflected languages like Finnish .
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back-formation
[substantiv]

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

reformare, back-formare

reformare, back-formare

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compounding
[substantiv]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

compunere, compozitie

compunere, compozitie

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conversion
[substantiv]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

conversie, conversiune

conversie, conversiune

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paradigm
[substantiv]

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

paradigmă, model

paradigmă, model

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lexicon
[substantiv]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

lexicon, vocabular

lexicon, vocabular

Ex: Building a lexicon through reading and exposure to different contexts enriches one 's language skills and communication abilities .
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clipping
[substantiv]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

tăiere, abreviere

tăiere, abreviere

Ex: The process of clipping often retains the original word's meaning and can occur in various parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
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hypocorism
[substantiv]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hipocorism, diminutiv afectuos

hipocorism, diminutiv afectuos

Ex: The formation hypocorisms can involve various linguistic processes such as clipping , adding diminutive suffixes , or phonetic modification .
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morphemization
[substantiv]

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morphemizare, morphemizare a segmentelor fonologice

morphemizare, morphemizare a segmentelor fonologice

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agglutination
[substantiv]

a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

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lexical morpheme
[substantiv]

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

morfem lexical, morfem de bază

morfem lexical, morfem de bază

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vocabulary
[substantiv]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

vocabular, lexic

vocabular, lexic

Ex: She uses a vocabulary app on her phone to learn new English words.
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derivative
[substantiv]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derivat, derivă

derivat, derivă

Ex: Linguists analyze derivatives evolve over time .
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base
[substantiv]

the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

radical, bază

radical, bază

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nominalization
[substantiv]

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalizare, transformare nominală

nominalizare, transformare nominală

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lexicalization
[substantiv]

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexicalizare, lexicalizare_terminologică

lexicalizare, lexicalizare_terminologică

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diminutive
[substantiv]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutiv, diminutivă

diminutiv, diminutivă

Ex: "Teacup" is a diminutive form of "cup," indicating a smaller version.
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protologism
[substantiv]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologism, cuvânt nou

protologism, cuvânt nou

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ghost word
[substantiv]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

cuvânt fantomă, cuvânt inexistent

cuvânt fantomă, cuvânt inexistent

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pseudoword
[substantiv]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudocuvânt, cuvânt fals

pseudocuvânt, cuvânt fals

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nonce word
[substantiv]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

cuvânt de ocazie, termen de ocazie

cuvânt de ocazie, termen de ocazie

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hapax legomenon
[substantiv]

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, hapax legomena

hapax legomenon, hapax legomena

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morph
[substantiv]

the smallest meaningful unit of language that carries a distinct semantic or grammatical function and cannot be further divided into smaller parts with independent meaning

morfem, morfemă

morfem, morfemă

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morpheme
[substantiv]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morpheme, morfem

morpheme, morfem

Ex: The study morphemes, known as morphology , examines how these units combine to create complex words .
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a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

morfem funcțional, morfem de funcție

morfem funcțional, morfem de funcție

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lexical unit
[substantiv]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

unitate lexicală, unitate de vocabular

unitate lexicală, unitate de vocabular

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portmanteau word
[substantiv]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

cuvânt-portmanteau, cuvânt compus

cuvânt-portmanteau, cuvânt compus

Ex: The creation portmanteau words can be playful and creative , as seen in " chillax , " a combination of " chill " and " relax . "
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lexis
[substantiv]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

lexie, vocabular

lexie, vocabular

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word
[substantiv]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

cuvânt, vorbă

cuvânt, vorbă

Ex: Understanding word in a sentence helps with comprehension .
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collocation
[substantiv]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

colocare, combinație de cuvinte

colocare, combinație de cuvinte

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of collocation.
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idiom
[substantiv]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, expresie

idiom, expresie

Ex: idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .
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lexical ambiguity
[substantiv]

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

ambiguitate lexicală, ambivalență lexicală

ambiguitate lexicală, ambivalență lexicală

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reduplication
[substantiv]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplicație, reduplicare

reduplicație, reduplicare

Ex: Reduplication can serve various functions across languages , including emphasis , diminishment , or the creation of onomatopoeic expressions .
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blocking
[substantiv]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blocaj, impediment

blocaj, impediment

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lexical rule
[substantiv]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

regulă lexicală, regulă de formare a cuvintelor

regulă lexicală, regulă de formare a cuvintelor

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sniglet
[substantiv]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

cuvânt inventat, neologism umoristic

cuvânt inventat, neologism umoristic

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the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

potrivirea fono-semantică, corespondența fono-semantică

potrivirea fono-semantică, corespondența fono-semantică

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