Lingvistică - Morfologie și lexicologie
Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de morfologie și lexicologie, cum ar fi "afix", "tema" și "lexem".
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the shortened form of a word, etc.

abreviere, prescurtare
În scrierea formală, este important să scrieți termenul în întregime înainte de a folosi abrevierea sa.
a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

afixare, proces de afixare
(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afix, sufix/prefix
Gramatica engleză include prefixe și sufixe ca tipuri de afixe.
a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

contracție, formă contrasă
În vorbirea casuală, contracțiile cum ar fi "nu" și "nu a făcut" sunt frecvent utilizate.
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

prefix
În lecția de vocabular, s-au concentrat pe modul în care prefixele pot modifica semnificațiile cuvintelor de bază.
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

sufix, terminație
Înțelegerea modului în care sufixele modifică cuvintele este esențială pentru extinderea vocabularului și îmbunătățirea abilităților de scriere.
a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

acronim, abreviere
NASA este un acronim pentru National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

amestecare, fuziune
a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeronim, prescurtare numerică
a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

morfem legat, morfem dependent
a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circumfix, afix circumfix
a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfixare, inserție morfologică
(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogie, paralelism
Folosind o analogie, ea a creat cuvântul "brang" pentru a descrie o acțiune trecută, urmând modelul "ring" și "rang".
(in linguistics) the base form of a word after removing affixes

rădăcină, tema
În « nefericire », rădăcina este « fericire ».
(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes

rădăcină, bază
Rădăcina este baza "bunătății".
a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

morfem liber, cuvânt independent
a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

clitic, element clitic
the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

formarea cuvintelor, derivare lexicală
(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexem, unitate lingvistică de bază
Un lexem este cea mai mică unitate de sens într-o limbă, care cuprinde atât un cuvânt, cât și toate formele sale flexionare.
a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derivare, proces de formare a cuvintelor
(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flexiune, terminație
Flexiunea verbală în engleză arată timpul, ca în "walk" vs "walked".
a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

retroformare, derivare regresivă
a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

compunere, proces de formare a cuvintelor compuse
a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

conversiune, derivare improprie
a structured set showing how a word changes to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, or case

paradigmă, tabel de flexiune
Substantivele latine urmează anumite paradigme pentru a arăta terminațiile de caz precum puella, puellae, puellam etc.
the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

lexicon, vocabular
Lexiconul unei limbi cuprinde toate cuvintele și expresiile pe care vorbitorii le folosesc pentru a comunica semnificații.
the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

trunchiere, scurtare
Clipping este un proces morfologic în lingvistică în care un cuvânt mai lung este scurtat fără a-și schimba sensul, rezultând adesea într-un termen mai casual sau familiar.
a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hipocoristic, nume de alint
Hypocorismul este utilizarea unui poreclă sau a unei forme afectuoase a unui nume propriu, adesea implicând o versiune micșorată sau modificată a numelui original.
the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemizare, procesul de morfemizare
a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

aglutinare, proces de aglutinare
a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

morfem lexical, lexem
all the words used in a particular language or subject

vocabular, lexic
Vocabularul său în spaniolă este destul de extins pentru un începător.
(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derivat, cuvânt derivat
Cuvântul "fericire" este un derivat al cuvântului "fericit".
(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

bază, rădăcină
În „nefericire”, baza este „fericit”.
a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalizare, substantivizare
a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexicalizare, proces de lexicalizare
a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutiv, cuvint de dragoste
Cuvântul « rățușcă » este un diminutiv al cuvântului « rață ».
a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologism, cuvânt nou creat
a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

cuvânt fantomă, cuvânt eronat
a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudocuvânt, cuvânt fictiv
a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

cuvânt ocazional, neologism efemer
a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, un cuvânt sau o formă care apare o singură dată într-un anumit corpus
the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning

morfem, morph
Sufixul plural -s este un morfem care indică mai mult de unul.
(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfem, cea mai mică unitate de sens
În lingvistică, un morfem este cea mai mică unitate de sens sau funcție gramaticală într-o limbă.
a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

morfem funcțional, morfem gramatical
(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

unitate lexicală, element lexical
a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

cuvânt portmanteau, cuvânt compus
Termenul "brunch" este un cuvânt telescopat care combină "breakfast" și "lunch".
(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

lexic, vocabular
(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

cuvânt, termen
Cuvântul "dragoste" are multe semnificații diferite în diferite contexte.
a particular combination of words that are used together very often

colocație, combinație de cuvinte
În învățarea limbilor, înțelegerea colocațiilor ajută la utilizarea cuvintelor în cele mai naturale și comune combinații ale acestora.
a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, expresie idiomatică
Idiomul 'kick the bucket' înseamnă a muri, iar sensul său este destul de diferit de interpretarea literală a lovirii unei găleți.
a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

ambiguitate lexicală, polisemie
the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplicare, dublare
Reduplicarea este un proces morfologic în lingvistică în care o parte sau întregul cuvânt este repetat pentru a transmite schimbări gramaticale sau semantice.
a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blocare, obstrucție
a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

regulă lexicală, principiu lexical
a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, cuvânt inventat jucăuș
the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

potrivire fono-semantică, corespondență fono-semantică
