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Taalkunde - Morfologie en Lexicologie

Hier leer je enkele Engelse woorden die verband houden met morfologie en lexicologie, zoals "affix", "stam" en "lexeem".

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Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

afkorting, verkorting

afkorting, verkorting

Ex: When writing a report , be sure to define any abbreviations the first time you use them .Zorg er bij het schrijven van een rapport voor dat u elke **afkorting** definieert de eerste keer dat u deze gebruikt.
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affixation
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

affigering, affigeringsproces

affigering, affigeringsproces

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affix
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

affix, achtervoegsel/voorvoegsel

affix, achtervoegsel/voorvoegsel

Ex: In linguistics , affixes play a crucial role in word formation and derivation .In de taalkunde spelen **affixen** een cruciale rol in woordvorming en afleiding.
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contraction
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

samentrekking, verkorte vorm

samentrekking, verkorte vorm

Ex: Contractions are often used in informal writing and speech .**Contracties** worden vaak gebruikt in informele geschriften en spraak.
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prefix
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

voorvoegsel

voorvoegsel

Ex: The dictionary provided a list of prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding .Het woordenboek bood een lijst van **voorvoegsels** en hun betekenissen om te helpen bij woordvorming en begrip.
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ending
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

uitgang, achtervoegsel

uitgang, achtervoegsel

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suffix
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

achtervoegsel, uitgang

achtervoegsel, uitgang

Ex: Students practiced adding different suffixes to root words to see how their meanings changed .De studenten oefenden met het toevoegen van verschillende **achtervoegsels** aan grondwoorden om te zien hoe hun betekenissen veranderden.
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acronym
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

acroniem, letterwoord

acroniem, letterwoord

Ex: The company name was created as an acronym from its founders ' initials .De bedrijfsnaam is gemaakt als een **acroniem** van de initialen van de oprichters.
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blending
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

menging, fusie

menging, fusie

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numeronym
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeroniem, numerieke afkorting

numeroniem, numerieke afkorting

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bound morpheme
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

gebonden morfeem, afhankelijk morfeem

gebonden morfeem, afhankelijk morfeem

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circumfix
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circumfix, affix circumfix

circumfix, affix circumfix

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transfixation
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfixatie, morfologische invoeging

transfixatie, morfologische invoeging

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analogy
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogie, parallel

analogie, parallel

Ex: The study of analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers .De studie van **analogie** laat zien hoe taal zich aanpast aan de behoeften van zijn sprekers.
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coinage
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the process of inventing a word

neologisme, woordvorming

neologisme, woordvorming

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stem
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

stam, wortel

stam, wortel

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root
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

wortel, basis

wortel, basis

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free morpheme
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

vrij morfeem, onafhankelijk woord

vrij morfeem, onafhankelijk woord

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infix
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infix, gebonden morfeem ingevoegd

infix, gebonden morfeem ingevoegd

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clitic
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

cliticum, clitisch element

cliticum, clitisch element

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word formation
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

woordvorming, lexicale afleiding

woordvorming, lexicale afleiding

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lexeme
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexeem, basiseenheid van taal

lexeem, basiseenheid van taal

Ex: Analyzing lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .Het analyseren van **lexemen** helpt bij het identificeren van patronen van woordvorming en gebruik in verschillende taalkundige contexten.
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derivation
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

afleiding, woordvormingsproces

afleiding, woordvormingsproces

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inflection
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flexie, uitgang

flexie, uitgang

Ex: Understanding inflection is essential for mastering highly inflected languages like Finnish .Het begrijpen van **verbuiging** is essentieel voor het beheersen van sterk verbuigende talen zoals Fins.
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back-formation
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

terugvorming, regressieve afleiding

terugvorming, regressieve afleiding

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compounding
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

samenstelling, woordvormingsproces

samenstelling, woordvormingsproces

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conversion
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

conversie, onechte afleiding

conversie, onechte afleiding

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paradigm
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

paradigma, model

paradigma, model

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lexicon
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

lexicon, woordenschat

lexicon, woordenschat

Ex: Building a diverse lexicon through reading and exposure to different contexts enriches one 's language skills and communication abilities .Het opbouwen van een divers **lexicon** door te lezen en blootstelling aan verschillende contexten verrijkt iemands taalvaardigheden en communicatievaardigheden.
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clipping
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

inkorting, afkapping

inkorting, afkapping

Ex: The process of clipping often retains the original word's meaning and can occur in various parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives.Het proces van **clipping** behoudt vaak de oorspronkelijke betekenis van het woord en kan voorkomen in verschillende delen van de spraak, zoals zelfstandige naamwoorden, werkwoorden en bijvoeglijke naamwoorden.
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hypocorism
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hypocorisme, koosnaam

hypocorisme, koosnaam

Ex: The formation of hypocorisms can involve various linguistic processes such as clipping , adding diminutive suffixes , or phonetic modification .De vorming van **hypocorismen** kan verschillende linguïstische processen omvatten, zoals knippen, het toevoegen van verkleinende achtervoegsels of fonetische modificatie.
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morphemization
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemisatie, proces van morfemisatie

morfemisatie, proces van morfemisatie

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agglutination
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

agglutinatie, agglutinatieproces

agglutinatie, agglutinatieproces

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lexical morpheme
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

lexicaal morfeem, lexeem

lexicaal morfeem, lexeem

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vocabulary
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

woordenschat, vocabulaire

woordenschat, vocabulaire

Ex: She uses a vocabulary app on her phone to learn new English words.Ze gebruikt een **woordenschat**-app op haar telefoon om nieuwe Engelse woorden te leren.
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derivative
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

afgeleide, afgeleid woord

afgeleide, afgeleid woord

Ex: Linguists analyze how derivatives evolve over time .Taalkundigen analyseren hoe **afgeleiden** zich in de loop der tijd ontwikkelen.
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base
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

basis, wortel

basis, wortel

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nominalization
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalisatie, substantivering

nominalisatie, substantivering

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lexicalization
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexicalisatie, proces van lexicalisatie

lexicalisatie, proces van lexicalisatie

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diminutive
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

verkleinwoord, koosnaam

verkleinwoord, koosnaam

Ex: "Teacup" is a diminutive form of "cup," indicating a smaller version.« **Teacup** » is een **verkleinwoord** van « cup », wat een kleinere versie aangeeft.
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protologism
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologisme, nieuw gemaakt woord

protologisme, nieuw gemaakt woord

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ghost word
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

spookwoord, fout woord

spookwoord, fout woord

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pseudoword
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudo-woord, nepwoord

pseudo-woord, nepwoord

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nonce word
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

gelegenheidswoord, vluchtig neologisme

gelegenheidswoord, vluchtig neologisme

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hapax legomenon
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, een woord of vorm die slechts één keer voorkomt in een bepaald corpus

hapax legomenon, een woord of vorm die slechts één keer voorkomt in een bepaald corpus

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morph
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the smallest segment of a word's sound or written form that can be directly linked to a specific grammatical or lexical meaning

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morpheme
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfeem, kleinste betekenisvolle eenheid

morfeem, kleinste betekenisvolle eenheid

Ex: The study of morphemes, known as morphology , examines how these units combine to create complex words .De studie van **morfemen**, bekend als morfologie, onderzoekt hoe deze eenheden zich combineren om complexe woorden te vormen.
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functional morpheme
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

functioneel morfeem, grammaticaal morfeem

functioneel morfeem, grammaticaal morfeem

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lexical unit
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

lexicale eenheid, lexicaal element

lexicale eenheid, lexicaal element

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portmanteau word
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

porte-manteauwoord, kofferwoord

porte-manteauwoord, kofferwoord

Ex: The creation of portmanteau words can be playful and creative , as seen in " chillax , " a combination of " chill " and " relax . "Het creëren van **portmanteauwoorden** kan speels en creatief zijn, zoals te zien is in "chillax", een combinatie van "chill" en "relax".
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lexis
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

lexicon, woordenschat

lexicon, woordenschat

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word
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

woord, term

woord, term

Ex: Understanding every word in a sentence helps with comprehension .Elk **woord** in een zin begrijpen helpt bij het begrip.
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collocation
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

collocatie, woordcombinatie

collocatie, woordcombinatie

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of each collocation.De leraar legde de betekenis van elke **collocatie** uit.
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idiom
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idioom, idiomatische uitdrukking

idioom, idiomatische uitdrukking

Ex: The idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .Het **idioom** 'piece of cake' verwijst naar iets dat heel gemakkelijk te doen is, wat niets te maken heeft met een daadwerkelijk stuk dessert.
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lexical ambiguity
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

lexicale ambiguïteit, polysemie

lexicale ambiguïteit, polysemie

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reduplication
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplicatie, verdubbeling

reduplicatie, verdubbeling

Ex: Reduplication can serve various functions across languages , including emphasis , diminishment , or the creation of onomatopoeic expressions .**Reduplicatie** kan verschillende functies vervullen in talen, waaronder nadruk, verkleining of het creëren van onomatopeeë uitdrukkingen.
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blocking
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blokkering, belemmering

blokkering, belemmering

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lexical rule
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

lexicale regel, lexicaal principe

lexicale regel, lexicaal principe

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sniglet
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, speels verzonnen woord

sniglet, speels verzonnen woord

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phono-semantic matching
[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

fonosemantische matching, klank-betekenisovereenkomst

fonosemantische matching, klank-betekenisovereenkomst

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