pattern

اللغويات - علم التشكل وعلم المعاجم

هنا سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية المتعلقة بعلم التشكل وعلم المعاجم مثل "لاحقة"، "جذر"، و "وحدة لغوية".

مراجعة

بطاقات الفلاش

الصيغ

الهجاء

اختبار قصير

ابدأ التعلم
Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation
abbreviation
[اسم]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

اختصار, صيغة مختصرة

اختصار, صيغة مختصرة

Ex: The abbreviation 'CEO' stands for Chief Executive Officer. 
affixation
affixation
[اسم]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

اللصق, عملية اللصق

اللصق, عملية اللصق

affix
affix
[اسم]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

لاحقة/سابقة, لاحقة/سابقة

لاحقة/سابقة, لاحقة/سابقة

Ex: English grammar includes prefixes and suffixes as types of affixes. 
contraction
contraction
[اسم]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

انقباض, شكل مختصر

انقباض, شكل مختصر

Ex: In casual speech, contractions like "don't" and "didn't" are frequently used. 
prefix
prefix
[اسم]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

بادئة

بادئة

Ex: Understanding common prefixes, such as 'pre-' and 'dis-,' can help students decode unfamiliar words. 
ending
ending
[اسم]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

نهاية, لاحقة

نهاية, لاحقة

suffix
suffix
[اسم]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

لاحقة, مقطع لاحق

لاحقة, مقطع لاحق

Ex: Adding the suffix '-ly' to 'quick' changes the word to 'quickly,' turning it into an adverb. 
acronym
acronym
[اسم]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

اختصار, كلمة مكونة من الحروف الأولى

اختصار, كلمة مكونة من الحروف الأولى

Ex: NASA is an acronym for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
blending
blending
[اسم]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

مزج, اندماج

مزج, اندماج

numeronym
numeronym
[اسم]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

الرقمية, اختصار رقمي

الرقمية, اختصار رقمي

bound morpheme

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

مورفيم مقيد, مورفيم تابع

مورفيم مقيد, مورفيم تابع

circumfix
circumfix
[اسم]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

لاحقة محيطة, سابقة ولاحقة محيطة

لاحقة محيطة, سابقة ولاحقة محيطة

transfixation

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

التثبيت العابر, الإدراج الشكلي

التثبيت العابر, الإدراج الشكلي

analogy
analogy
[اسم]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

قياس, تشابه

قياس, تشابه

Ex: The analogy between "sing" and "sang" helps learners understand verb changes. 
coinage
coinage
[اسم]

the process of inventing a word

صياغة الكلمات, ابتكار الكلمات

صياغة الكلمات, ابتكار الكلمات

stem
stem
[اسم]

(in linguistics) the base form of a word after removing affixes

جذر, أصل

جذر, أصل

Ex: In "unhappiness," the stem is "happy." 
root
root
[اسم]

(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes

جذر, أصل

جذر, أصل

Ex: "Kind" is the root of "kindness." 
free morpheme

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

مورفيم حر, كلمة مستقلة

مورفيم حر, كلمة مستقلة

infix
infix
[اسم]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

لاحقة متوسطة, مرفيم مرتبط مدرج

لاحقة متوسطة, مرفيم مرتبط مدرج

clitic
clitic
[اسم]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

كليتيك, عنصر كليتيك

كليتيك, عنصر كليتيك

word formation

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

تشكيل الكلمات, اشتقاق معجمي

تشكيل الكلمات, اشتقاق معجمي

lexeme
lexeme
[اسم]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

لكسيم, وحدة لغوية أساسية

لكسيم, وحدة لغوية أساسية

Ex: A lexeme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, encompassing both a word and all its inflected forms. 
derivation
derivation
[اسم]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

اشتقاق, عملية تشكيل الكلمات

اشتقاق, عملية تشكيل الكلمات

inflection
inflection
[اسم]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

تصريف, لاحقة

تصريف, لاحقة

Ex: Verb inflection in English shows tense, as in "walk" vs. "walked." 
back-formation

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

التشكيل العكسي, الاشتقاق التراجعي

التشكيل العكسي, الاشتقاق التراجعي

compounding
compounding
[اسم]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

التكوين, عملية تشكيل الكلمات المركبة

التكوين, عملية تشكيل الكلمات المركبة

conversion
conversion
[اسم]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

التحويل, اشتقاق غير لائق

التحويل, اشتقاق غير لائق

paradigm
paradigm
[اسم]

a structured set showing how a word changes to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, or case

برادايم, جدول الإعراب

برادايم, جدول الإعراب

Ex: The verb run has the paradigm: run, runs, ran, running. 
lexicon
lexicon
[اسم]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

معجم, مفردات

معجم, مفردات

Ex: The lexicon of a language encompasses all the words and phrases that speakers use to communicate meaning. 
clipping
clipping
[اسم]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

الاقتصاص, التقصير

الاقتصاص, التقصير

Ex: Clipping is a morphological process in linguistics where a longer word is shortened without changing its meaning, often resulting in a more casual or familiar term. 
hypocorism
hypocorism
[اسم]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

تصغير الحنون, اسم التدليل

تصغير الحنون, اسم التدليل

Ex: Hypocorism is the use of a pet name or affectionate form of a proper name, often involving a diminutive or altered version of the original name. 
morphemization

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

التشكيل الصرفي, عملية التشكيل الصرفي

التشكيل الصرفي, عملية التشكيل الصرفي

agglutination

a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

التلاصق, عملية التلاصق

التلاصق, عملية التلاصق

lexical morpheme

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

مورفيم معجمي, لكسيم

مورفيم معجمي, لكسيم

vocabulary
vocabulary
[اسم]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

المفردات, المعجم

المفردات, المعجم

Ex: His vocabulary in Spanish is quite extensive for a beginner. 
derivative
derivative
[اسم]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

مشتق, كلمة مشتقة

مشتق, كلمة مشتقة

Ex: The word "happiness" is a derivative of "happy." 
base
base
[اسم]

(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

أساس, جذر

أساس, جذر

Ex: In "unhappiness," the base is "happy." 
nominalization

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

التسمية, التصريف الاسمي

التسمية, التصريف الاسمي

lexicalization

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

تكوين المفردات, عملية تكوين المفردات

تكوين المفردات, عملية تكوين المفردات

diminutive
diminutive
[اسم]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

تصغير, كلمة تدل على التحبب

تصغير, كلمة تدل على التحبب

Ex: The word “duckling” is a diminutive of “duck.” 
protologism
protologism
[اسم]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

بروتولوجيزم, كلمة جديدة

بروتولوجيزم, كلمة جديدة

ghost word
ghost word
[اسم]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

كلمة شبح, كلمة خاطئة

كلمة شبح, كلمة خاطئة

pseudoword
pseudoword
[اسم]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

كلمة زائفة, كلمة وهمية

كلمة زائفة, كلمة وهمية

nonce word
nonce word
[اسم]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

كلمة عابرة, مصطلح عابر

كلمة عابرة, مصطلح عابر

hapax legomenon

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

هاباكس ليجومينون, كلمة أو شكل يظهر مرة واحدة فقط في نص معين

هاباكس ليجومينون, كلمة أو شكل يظهر مرة واحدة فقط في نص معين

morph
morph
[اسم]

the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning

مورفيم, مورف

مورفيم, مورف

Ex: The plural suffix -s is a morph indicating more than one. 
morpheme
morpheme
[اسم]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

مورفيم, أصغر وحدة دلالية

مورفيم, أصغر وحدة دلالية

Ex: In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning or grammatical function in a language. 
functional morpheme

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

مورفيم وظيفي, مورفيم نحوي

مورفيم وظيفي, مورفيم نحوي

lexical unit
lexical unit
[اسم]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

وحدة لغوية, عنصر لغوي

وحدة لغوية, عنصر لغوي

portmanteau word

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

كلمة مركبة, كلمة بورتمانتو

كلمة مركبة, كلمة بورتمانتو

Ex: The term "brunch" is a portmanteau word that combines "breakfast" and "lunch." 
lexis
lexis
[اسم]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

المفردات, المعجم

المفردات, المعجم

word
word
[اسم]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

كلمة, لفظ

كلمة, لفظ

Ex: The word "friendship" holds a special meaning for her. 
collocation
collocation
[اسم]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

التوزيع اللفظي, تركيب الكلمات

التوزيع اللفظي, تركيب الكلمات

Ex: In language learning, understanding collocations helps in using words in their most natural and common combinations. 
idiom
idiom
[اسم]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

اصطلاح, تعبير اصطلاحي

اصطلاح, تعبير اصطلاحي

Ex: The idiom 'kick the bucket' means to die, and its meaning is quite different from the literal interpretation of kicking a bucket. 
lexical ambiguity

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

الغموض المعجمي, تعدد المعاني

الغموض المعجمي, تعدد المعاني

reduplication

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

التكرار, الإزدواج

التكرار, الإزدواج

Ex: Reduplication is a morphological process in linguistics where a part or the entirety of a word is repeated to convey grammatical or semantic changes. 
blocking
blocking
[اسم]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

حجب, إعاقة

حجب, إعاقة

lexical rule
lexical rule
[اسم]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

قاعدة معجمية, مبدأ معجمي

قاعدة معجمية, مبدأ معجمي

sniglet
sniglet
[اسم]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

سنغليت, كلمة مبتكرة مرحة

سنغليت, كلمة مبتكرة مرحة

phono-semantic matching

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

المطابقة الصوتية الدلالية, التطابق الصوتي الدلالي

المطابقة الصوتية الدلالية, التطابق الصوتي الدلالي

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