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Linguistica - Morfologia e lessicologia

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi legate alla morfologia e alla lessicologia come "affix", "stem" e "lexeme".

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abbreviation
[sostantivo]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

abbreviazione

abbreviazione

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affixation
[sostantivo]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

affissazione, affixazione

affissazione, affixazione

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affix
[sostantivo]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

apporre

apporre

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contraction
[sostantivo]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

contrazione

contrazione

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prefix
[sostantivo]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

prefisso

prefisso

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ending
[sostantivo]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

terminazione

terminazione

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suffix
[sostantivo]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

suffisso

suffisso

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acronym
[sostantivo]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

acronimo, sigla

acronimo, sigla

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blending
[sostantivo]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

fusione, mescolanza

fusione, mescolanza

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numeronym
[sostantivo]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeronimo, numeronimo (abbreviazione)

numeronimo, numeronimo (abbreviazione)

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bound morpheme
[sostantivo]

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

morpema legato, morpema vincolato

morpema legato, morpema vincolato

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circumfix
[sostantivo]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circumfisso, affisso circostante

circumfisso, affisso circostante

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transfixation
[sostantivo]

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

trasfixazione, trasfigurazione

trasfixazione, trasfigurazione

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analogy
[sostantivo]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogia

analogia

Ex: The study analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers .
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coinage
[sostantivo]

the process of inventing a word

monetazione

monetazione

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stem
[sostantivo]

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

radice, base

radice, base

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root
[sostantivo]

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

radice, nucleo

radice, nucleo

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free morpheme
[sostantivo]

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

morfema libero, morfema gratuito

morfema libero, morfema gratuito

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infix
[sostantivo]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infix, morfema infisso

infix, morfema infisso

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clitic
[sostantivo]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

clitico, clitica

clitico, clitica

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word formation
[sostantivo]

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

formazione delle parole, creazione di parole

formazione delle parole, creazione di parole

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lexeme
[sostantivo]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lessema

lessema

Ex: lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .
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derivation
[sostantivo]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derivazione, derivato

derivazione, derivato

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inflection
[sostantivo]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flessione

flessione

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back-formation
[sostantivo]

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

retroformazione, formazione inversa

retroformazione, formazione inversa

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compounding
[sostantivo]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

compounding, compostaggio

compounding, compostaggio

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conversion
[sostantivo]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

conversione, trasformazione

conversione, trasformazione

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paradigm
[sostantivo]

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

paradigma, schema morfologico

paradigma, schema morfologico

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lexicon
[sostantivo]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

lessico

lessico

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clipping
[sostantivo]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

accorciamento, abridgment

accorciamento, abridgment

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hypocorism
[sostantivo]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

ipocorismo, diminutivo affettuoso

ipocorismo, diminutivo affettuoso

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morphemization
[sostantivo]

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morphemizzazione, morfemizzazione

morphemizzazione, morfemizzazione

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agglutination
[sostantivo]

a morphological process in language where affixes are added to a root or base word in a clear, one-to-one fashion, each affix typically expressing a single grammatical or semantic meaning, resulting in a string of affixes attached to the root without any change in the affixes themselves

agglutinazione, agglutinamento

agglutinazione, agglutinamento

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lexical morpheme
[sostantivo]

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

morfema lessicale, morfema di contenuto

morfema lessicale, morfema di contenuto

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vocabulary
[sostantivo]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

vocabolario

vocabolario

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derivative
[sostantivo]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derivato

derivato

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base
[sostantivo]

the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

base, radice

base, radice

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nominalization
[sostantivo]

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalizzazione, nominalismo

nominalizzazione, nominalismo

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lexicalization
[sostantivo]

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lessicalizzazione, lezionalizzazione

lessicalizzazione, lezionalizzazione

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diminutive
[sostantivo]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutivo, diminutiva

diminutivo, diminutiva

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protologism
[sostantivo]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologismo, neologismo in fase iniziale

protologismo, neologismo in fase iniziale

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ghost word
[sostantivo]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

parola fantasma, termine fantasma

parola fantasma, termine fantasma

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pseudoword
[sostantivo]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudo-parola, parola fittizia

pseudo-parola, parola fittizia

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nonce word
[sostantivo]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

parola nonce, termine nonce

parola nonce, termine nonce

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hapax legomenon
[sostantivo]

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, hapax legomeno

hapax legomenon, hapax legomeno

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morph
[sostantivo]

the smallest meaningful unit of language that carries a distinct semantic or grammatical function and cannot be further divided into smaller parts with independent meaning

morfema, unità morfologica

morfema, unità morfologica

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morpheme
[sostantivo]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfema

morfema

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a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

morfema funzionale, morfema grammaticale

morfema funzionale, morfema grammaticale

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lexical unit
[sostantivo]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

unità lessicale

unità lessicale

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portmanteau word
[sostantivo]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

parola di portmanteau

parola di portmanteau

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lexis
[sostantivo]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

lessico

lessico

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word
[sostantivo]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

parola

parola

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collocation
[sostantivo]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

collocazione

collocazione

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of collocation.
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idiom
[sostantivo]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idioma

idioma

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lexical ambiguity
[sostantivo]

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

ambiguità lessicale, ambiguo lessicale

ambiguità lessicale, ambiguo lessicale

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reduplication
[sostantivo]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplicazione, duplicazione

reduplicazione, duplicazione

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blocking
[sostantivo]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blocco linguistico, ostruzione linguistica

blocco linguistico, ostruzione linguistica

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lexical rule
[sostantivo]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

regola lessicale, principio lessicale

regola lessicale, principio lessicale

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sniglet
[sostantivo]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, parola inventata

sniglet, parola inventata

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the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

abbinamento fono-semantico, corrispondenza fono-semantica

abbinamento fono-semantico, corrispondenza fono-semantica

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