语言学 - 形态学和词汇学

在这里，你将学习一些与形态学和词汇学相关的英语单词，如“词缀”、“词干”和“词位”。

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审查

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闪卡

spelling-disable

拼写

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测验

开始学习
语言学
abbreviation
abbreviation [名词]
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缩写

Ex: The abbreviation ' CEO ' stands for Chief Executive Officer .

缩写 'CEO' 代表Chief Executive Officer。

affix
affix [名词]
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词缀

Ex:

词缀 "un-" 将形容词的意思变为它们的反义词。

contraction
contraction [名词]
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缩略

Ex: When writing informally , contractions make the language feel more relaxed .

非正式写作时，缩略词让语言感觉更轻松。

prefix
prefix [名词]
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前缀

Ex: In the vocabulary lesson , they focused on how prefixes can alter the meanings of root words .

在词汇课上，他们重点讨论了前缀如何改变词根的含义。

suffix
suffix [名词]
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后缀

Ex: Understanding how suffixes modify words is essential for expanding vocabulary and improving writing skills .

理解后缀如何改变单词对于扩大词汇量和提高写作技巧至关重要。

acronym
acronym [名词]
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首字母缩略词

Ex: The teacher explained that scuba is an acronym for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus .

老师解释说，scuba是self-contained underwater breathing apparatus的首字母缩写词。

analogy
analogy [名词]
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类比

Ex: The analogy between " sing " and " sang " helps learners understand verb changes .

“sing”和“sang”之间的类比有助于学习者理解动词的变化。

stem
stem [名词]
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(in linguistics) the base form of a word after removing affixes

Ex:
root
root [名词]
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(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes

Ex:
lexeme
lexeme [名词]
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词位

Ex:

例如，词位 "run" 包括基本形式 "run"，以及它的屈折形式如 "ran"、"running" 和 "runs"。

inflection
inflection [名词]
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屈折

Ex: Latin relies heavily on inflection to convey grammatical relationships .

拉丁语在很大程度上依赖屈折来表达语法关系。

paradigm
paradigm [名词]
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范式

Ex: Latin nouns follow specific paradigms to show case endings like puella , puellae , puellam , etc .

拉丁语名词遵循特定的范式来显示格尾，如puella、puellae、puellam等。

lexicon
lexicon [名词]
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词汇

Ex: Linguists analyze the lexicon of a language to understand its vocabulary and the relationships between words .

语言学家分析一种语言的词汇，以理解其词汇及单词之间的关系。

clipping
clipping [名词]
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截断

Ex:

截短的例子包括从"advertisement"截取的"ad"，从"laboratory"截取的"lab"，以及从"bicycle"截取的"bike"。

hypocorism
hypocorism [名词]
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昵称

Ex: Common examples of hypocorism include " Billy " for " William , " " Katie " for " Katherine , " and " Lizzie " for " Elizabeth . "

昵称的常见例子包括“William”的“Billy”、“Katherine”的“Katie”和“Elizabeth”的“Lizzie”。

vocabulary
vocabulary [名词]
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词汇

Ex: Increasing your vocabulary is key to improving your English skills .

增加你的词汇量是提高英语技能的关键。

derivative
derivative [名词]
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派生词

Ex: Many English words are derivatives of Latin terms .

许多英语单词是拉丁术语的派生词。

base
base [名词]
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基础

Ex: In " unhappiness , " the base is " happy . "

在“不快乐”中，词基是“快乐”。

diminutive
diminutive [名词]
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指小词

Ex: The suffix " -ette " in " kitchenette " is a diminutive that denotes a small kitchen area .

"kitchenette"中的后缀"-ette"是一个指小词，表示一个小厨房区域。

morph
morph [名词]
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the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning

Ex: Linguists analyze morphs to understand word formation .
morpheme
morpheme [名词]
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语素

Ex: The word " unhappiness " contains three morphemes : " un- , " " happy , " and " -ness . "

单词"unhappiness"包含三个语素："un-"、"happy"和"-ness"。

portmanteau word
portmanteau word [名词]
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混成词

Ex: Portmanteau words , such as " smog " from " smoke " and " fog , " often emerge in response to new cultural phenomena .

混合词，如来自"smoke"和"fog"的"smog"，常常是对新的文化现象的回应而出现。

word
word [名词]
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词

Ex: The word " love " has many different meanings in different contexts .

“爱”这个词在不同的语境中有许多不同的含义。

collocation
collocation [名词]
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搭配

Ex: She studied collocations to improve her fluency and sound more like a native speaker .

她研究了搭配以提高她的流利度，听起来更像母语者。

idiom
idiom [名词]
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习语

Ex: When someone says ' it 's raining cats and dogs , ' they 're using an idiom to describe very heavy rain , not an actual downpour of animals .

当有人说'下倾盆大雨'时，他们是在用习语来描述非常大的雨，而不是真正的动物雨。

reduplication
reduplication [名词]
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重叠

Ex: An example of reduplication in English is the word " bye-bye , " which is a child-friendly way of saying " goodbye . "

英语中重复的一个例子是单词"bye-bye"，这是一种对孩子友好的说"再见"的方式。

语言学
语言学的分支 语言理论与方法 语系 Linguistic Typology
形态学和词汇学 词源学与历史语言学 Semantics Syntax
句法结构 名词、代词和形容词 限定词、副词和介词 动词、时态和语气
语法格 Phonetics Phonology 书写系统
正字法和排版 Punctuation 语用学与话语分析 Sociolinguistics
Neurolinguistics Sign Language 语言学习与熟练度 与语言学相关的词汇