Językoznawstwo - Morfologia i Leksykologia
Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z morfologią i leksykologią, takich jak "afiks", "rdzeń" i "leksem".
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the shortened form of a word, etc.

skrót, abrewiatura
a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

afiksacja, proces afiksacji
(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afiks, przyrostek/przedrostek
a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

kontrakcja, forma skrócona
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

przedrostek
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

przyrostek, końcówka
a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

akronim, skrótowiec
a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

mieszanie, fuzja
a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeronim, skrót numeryczny
a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

morfem związany, morfem zależny
a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

cyrkumfiks, afiks cyrkumfiks
a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfiksacja, wstawka morfologiczna
(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogia, podobieństwo
the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

rdzeń, podstawa
the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

rdzeń, podstawa
a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

morfem swobodny, słowo niezależne
a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infiks, wiązany morfem wstawiony
a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

klityka, element klityczny
the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

słowotwórstwo, derywacja leksykalna
(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

leksem, podstawowa jednostka językowa
a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derywacja, proces słowotwórczy
(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

fleksja, końcówka
a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

wsteczna formacja, derywacja wsteczna
a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

złożenie, proces tworzenia złożonych słów
a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

konwersja, nieprawidłowa derywacja
a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

paradygmat, model
the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

leksykon, słownictwo
the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

obcięcie, skrócenie
a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hipokorystyka, zdrobnienie
the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemizacja, proces morfemizacji
a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

aglutynacja, proces aglutynacji
a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

morfem leksykalny, leksem
all the words used in a particular language or subject

słownictwo, leksykon
(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derywat, słowo pochodne
(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

podstawa, rdzeń
a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalizacja, substantywizacja
a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

leksykalizacja, proces leksykalizacji
a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

zdrobnienie, słowo pieszczotliwe
a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologizm, nowo utworzone słowo
a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

słowo-widmo, błędne słowo
a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudosłowo, słowo fikcyjne
a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

słowo okazjonalne, efemeryczny neologizm
a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, słowo lub forma występująca tylko raz w danym korpusie
the smallest segment of a word's sound or written form that can be directly linked to a specific grammatical or lexical meaning
(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfem, najmniejsza jednostka znaczeniowa
a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

morfem funkcjonalny, morfem gramatyczny
(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

jednostka leksykalna, element leksykalny
a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

słowo mieszane, słowo portmanteau
(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

leksyka, słownictwo
(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

słowo, wyraz
a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kolokacja, kombinacja słów
a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, wyrażenie idiomatyczne
a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

niejednoznaczność leksykalna, wieloznaczność
the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplikacja, podwojenie
a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blokowanie, utrudnianie
a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

zasada leksykalna, reguła leksykalna
a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, zabawne wymyślone słowo
the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

dopasowanie fonosemantyczne, zgodność fonosemantyczna
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