Językoznawstwo - Morfologia i leksykologia

the shortened form of a word, etc.

skrót, skrócenie

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

afiksacja, fiksacja

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afiks, przyrostek/przedrostek

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

skurczenie, kontrakcja

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

przedrostek

the last part of a word, added to the main part

sufiks, przyrostek

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

sufiks, końcówka

an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of a group of words, which can be pronounced as a word

akronim

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

mieszanka, fuzja

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeronim, numeronimy

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

morfem związany, morfem zależny

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

circumfix

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfiksacja

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogia, analogiczność językowa

the process of inventing a word

tworzenie słów, neologizm

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

rdzeń, podstawa

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

rdzeń, jądro

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

morfem wolny, morfem niezależny

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infiks

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

klityk, element klityczny

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

tworzenie słów, formowanie słów

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

leksem, jednostka leksykalna

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derywacja, formacja

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

fleksja, odmienność

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

back-formation, rekonstrukcja

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

kompozycja, złożenie

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

konwersja, zmiana

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

paradygmat, model

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

leksem, słownik

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

skrócenie, przycinanie

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hipokoryzm

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemizacja, morfemizowanie

a morphological process in language where affixes are added to a root or base word in a clear, one-to-one fashion, each affix typically expressing a single grammatical or semantic meaning, resulting in a string of affixes attached to the root without any change in the affixes themselves

aglutynacja, aglutynacja lingwistyczna

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

morfem leksykalny, morfem treści

all the words used in a particular language or subject

słownictwo

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derywat, słowo pochodne

the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

podstawa, rdzeń

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalizacja, nominalizacja językowa

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

leksykalizacja, leksykalizacja

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutyw, forma zdrobnienia

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologizm

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

słowo ducha, słowo widmo

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudosłowo, słowo fikcyjne

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

słowo jednorazowe, termin okazjonalny

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapaks legomenon, hapaks

the smallest meaningful unit of language that carries a distinct semantic or grammatical function and cannot be further divided into smaller parts with independent meaning

morfeem, morf

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfen

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

morfem funkcyjny, morfem gramatyczny

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

jednostka leksykalna, leksym

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

słowo portmanteau, słowo złożone

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

leksis, słownictwo

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

słowo, termin

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kolokacja, kombinacja słów

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, wyrażenie idiomatyczne

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

ambiwalencja leksykalna, niejednoznaczność leksykalna

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

redupikacja, powielenie

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blokowanie, przeszkoda

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

reguła leksykalna, zasada leksykalna

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, wymyślone słowo

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

dopasowanie fonosemantyczne, matching fonosemantyczny