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Linguistik - Morfologi och Lexikologi

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till morfologi och lexikologi som "affix", "stam" och "lexem".

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Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation
abbreviation
[Substantiv]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

förkortning, abbreviatur

förkortning, abbreviatur

Ex: The abbreviation 'CEO' stands for Chief Executive Officer. 
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affixation
affixation
[Substantiv]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

affigering, affigeringsprocess

affigering, affigeringsprocess

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affix
affix
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

affix, suffix/prefix

affix, suffix/prefix

Ex: English grammar includes prefixes and suffixes as types of affixes. 
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contraction
contraction
[Substantiv]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

kontraktion, förkortad form

kontraktion, förkortad form

Ex: In casual speech, contractions like "don't" and "didn't" are frequently used. 
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prefix
prefix
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

prefix

prefix

Ex: Understanding common prefixes, such as 'pre-' and 'dis-,' can help students decode unfamiliar words. 
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ending
ending
[Substantiv]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

ändelse, suffix

ändelse, suffix

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suffix
suffix
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

suffix, ändelse

suffix, ändelse

Ex: Adding the suffix '-ly' to 'quick' changes the word to 'quickly,' turning it into an adverb. 
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acronym
acronym
[Substantiv]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

akronym, förkortning

akronym, förkortning

Ex: NASA is an acronym for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
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blending
blending
[Substantiv]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

blandning, fusion

blandning, fusion

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numeronym
numeronym
[Substantiv]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeronym, numerisk förkortning

numeronym, numerisk förkortning

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bound morpheme
bound morpheme
[Substantiv]

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

bundet morfem, beroende morfem

bundet morfem, beroende morfem

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circumfix
circumfix
[Substantiv]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

cirkumfix, affix cirkumfix

cirkumfix, affix cirkumfix

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transfixation
transfixation
[Substantiv]

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfixation, morfologisk infogning

transfixation, morfologisk infogning

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analogy
analogy
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogi, parallell

analogi, parallell

Ex: The analogy between "sing" and "sang" helps learners understand verb changes. 
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coinage
coinage
[Substantiv]

the process of inventing a word

neologism, ordskapande

neologism, ordskapande

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stem
stem
[Substantiv]

(in linguistics) the base form of a word after removing affixes

stam, rot

stam, rot

Ex: In "unhappiness," the stem is "happy." 
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root
root
[Substantiv]

(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes

rot, stam

rot, stam

Ex: "Kind" is the root of "kindness." 
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free morpheme
free morpheme
[Substantiv]

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

fritt morfem, oberoende ord

fritt morfem, oberoende ord

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infix
infix
[Substantiv]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infix, bundet morfem insatt

infix, bundet morfem insatt

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clitic
clitic
[Substantiv]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

klitikon, klitiskt element

klitikon, klitiskt element

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word formation
word formation
[Substantiv]

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

ordbildning, lexikal härledning

ordbildning, lexikal härledning

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lexeme
lexeme
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexem, grundläggande språkenhet

lexem, grundläggande språkenhet

Ex: A lexeme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, encompassing both a word and all its inflected forms. 
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derivation
derivation
[Substantiv]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derivering, ordbildningsprocess

derivering, ordbildningsprocess

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inflection
inflection
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

böjning, ändelse

böjning, ändelse

Ex: Verb inflection in English shows tense, as in "walk" vs. "walked." 
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back-formation
back-formation
[Substantiv]

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

bakbildning, regressiv avledning

bakbildning, regressiv avledning

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compounding
compounding
[Substantiv]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

sammansättning, ordbildningsprocess

sammansättning, ordbildningsprocess

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conversion
conversion
[Substantiv]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

konversion, oegentlig avledning

konversion, oegentlig avledning

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paradigm
paradigm
[Substantiv]

a structured set showing how a word changes to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, or case

paradigm, böjningstabell

paradigm, böjningstabell

Ex: The verb run has the paradigm: run, runs, ran, running. 
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lexicon
lexicon
[Substantiv]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

lexikon, ordförråd

lexikon, ordförråd

Ex: The lexicon of a language encompasses all the words and phrases that speakers use to communicate meaning. 
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clipping
clipping
[Substantiv]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

klippning, förkortning

klippning, förkortning

Ex: Clipping is a morphological process in linguistics where a longer word is shortened without changing its meaning, often resulting in a more casual or familiar term. 
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hypocorism
hypocorism
[Substantiv]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hypokorism, smeknamn

hypokorism, smeknamn

Ex: Hypocorism is the use of a pet name or affectionate form of a proper name, often involving a diminutive or altered version of the original name. 
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morphemization
morphemization
[Substantiv]

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemisering, processen av morfemisering

morfemisering, processen av morfemisering

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agglutination
agglutination
[Substantiv]

a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

agglutination, agglutinationsprocess

agglutination, agglutinationsprocess

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lexical morpheme
lexical morpheme
[Substantiv]

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

lexikalt morfem, lexem

lexikalt morfem, lexem

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vocabulary
vocabulary
[Substantiv]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

ordförråd, vokabulär

ordförråd, vokabulär

Ex: His vocabulary in Spanish is quite extensive for a beginner. 
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derivative
derivative
[Substantiv]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derivat, avlett ord

derivat, avlett ord

Ex: The word "happiness" is a derivative of "happy." 
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base
base
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

bas, rot

bas, rot

Ex: In "unhappiness," the base is "happy." 
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nominalization
nominalization
[Substantiv]

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalisering, substantivering

nominalisering, substantivering

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lexicalization
lexicalization
[Substantiv]

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexikalisering, processen av lexikalisering

lexikalisering, processen av lexikalisering

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diminutive
diminutive
[Substantiv]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutiv, smeknamn

diminutiv, smeknamn

Ex: The word “duckling” is a diminutive of “duck.” 
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protologism
protologism
[Substantiv]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologism, nybildat ord

protologism, nybildat ord

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ghost word
ghost word
[Substantiv]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

spökord, felaktigt ord

spökord, felaktigt ord

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pseudoword
pseudoword
[Substantiv]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudoord, påhittat ord

pseudoord, påhittat ord

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nonce word
nonce word
[Substantiv]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

tillfälligt ord, flyktig neologism

tillfälligt ord, flyktig neologism

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hapax legomenon
hapax legomenon
[Substantiv]

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, ett ord eller en form som endast förekommer en gång i en specifik text

hapax legomenon, ett ord eller en form som endast förekommer en gång i en specifik text

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morph
morph
[Substantiv]

the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning

morfem, morph

morfem, morph

Ex: The plural suffix -s is a morph indicating more than one. 
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morpheme
morpheme
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfem, minsta meningsbärande enhet

morfem, minsta meningsbärande enhet

Ex: In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning or grammatical function in a language. 
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functional morpheme

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

funktionell morfem, grammatisk morfem

funktionell morfem, grammatisk morfem

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lexical unit
lexical unit
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

lexikalisk enhet, lexikalt element

lexikalisk enhet, lexikalt element

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portmanteau word
portmanteau word
[Substantiv]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

portmanteauord, kofferordsord

portmanteauord, kofferordsord

Ex: The term "brunch" is a portmanteau word that combines "breakfast" and "lunch." 
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lexis
lexis
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

lexikon, ordförråd

lexikon, ordförråd

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word
word
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

ord, term

ord, term

Ex: The word "friendship" holds a special meaning for her. 
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collocation
collocation
[Substantiv]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kollokation, ordkombination

kollokation, ordkombination

Ex: In language learning, understanding collocations helps in using words in their most natural and common combinations. 
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idiom
idiom
[Substantiv]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, idiomatiskt uttryck

idiom, idiomatiskt uttryck

Ex: The idiom 'kick the bucket' means to die, and its meaning is quite different from the literal interpretation of kicking a bucket. 
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lexical ambiguity
lexical ambiguity
[Substantiv]

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

lexikalisk tvetydighet, polysemi

lexikalisk tvetydighet, polysemi

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reduplication
reduplication
[Substantiv]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplikation, fördubbling

reduplikation, fördubbling

Ex: Reduplication is a morphological process in linguistics where a part or the entirety of a word is repeated to convey grammatical or semantic changes. 
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blocking
blocking
[Substantiv]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blockering, hinder

blockering, hinder

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lexical rule
lexical rule
[Substantiv]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

lexikalisk regel, lexikalt princip

lexikalisk regel, lexikalt princip

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sniglet
sniglet
[Substantiv]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, lekfullt påhittat ord

sniglet, lekfullt påhittat ord

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phono-semantic matching

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

fonosemantisk matchning, ljud-betydelseöverensstämmelse

fonosemantisk matchning, ljud-betydelseöverensstämmelse

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