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Linguistik - Morfologi och Lexikologi

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till morfologi och lexikologi som "affix", "stam" och "lexem".

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Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation
[Substantiv]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

förkortning, abbreviatur

förkortning, abbreviatur

Ex: When writing a report , be sure to define any abbreviations the first time you use them .När du skriver en rapport, se till att definiera alla **förkortningar** första gången du använder dem.
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affixation
[Substantiv]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

affigering, affigeringsprocess

affigering, affigeringsprocess

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affix
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

affix, suffix/prefix

affix, suffix/prefix

Ex: In linguistics , affixes play a crucial role in word formation and derivation .Inom lingvistiken spelar **affix** en avgörande roll i ordbildning och härledning.
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contraction
[Substantiv]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

kontraktion, förkortad form

kontraktion, förkortad form

Ex: Contractions are often used in informal writing and speech .**Förkortningar** används ofta i informell skrift och tal.
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prefix
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

prefix

prefix

Ex: The dictionary provided a list of prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding .Ordboken gav en lista över **prefix** och deras betydelser för att hjälpa till med ordbildning och förståelse.
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ending
[Substantiv]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

ändelse, suffix

ändelse, suffix

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suffix
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

suffix, ändelse

suffix, ändelse

Ex: Students practiced adding different suffixes to root words to see how their meanings changed .Eleverna övade på att lägga till olika **suffix** till rotord för att se hur deras betydelser förändrades.
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acronym
[Substantiv]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

akronym, förkortning

akronym, förkortning

Ex: The company name was created as an acronym from its founders ' initials .Företagets namn skapades som en **akronym** från dess grundares initialer.
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blending
[Substantiv]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

blandning, fusion

blandning, fusion

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numeronym
[Substantiv]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeronym, numerisk förkortning

numeronym, numerisk förkortning

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bound morpheme
[Substantiv]

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

bundet morfem, beroende morfem

bundet morfem, beroende morfem

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circumfix
[Substantiv]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

cirkumfix, affix cirkumfix

cirkumfix, affix cirkumfix

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transfixation
[Substantiv]

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfixation, morfologisk infogning

transfixation, morfologisk infogning

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analogy
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogi, parallell

analogi, parallell

Ex: The study of analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers .Studiet av **analogi** visar hur språket anpassar sig till dess talares behov.
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coinage
[Substantiv]

the process of inventing a word

neologism, ordskapande

neologism, ordskapande

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stem
[Substantiv]

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

stam, rot

stam, rot

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root
[Substantiv]

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

rot, bas

rot, bas

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free morpheme
[Substantiv]

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

fritt morfem, oberoende ord

fritt morfem, oberoende ord

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infix
[Substantiv]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

infix, bundet morfem insatt

infix, bundet morfem insatt

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clitic
[Substantiv]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

klitikon, klitiskt element

klitikon, klitiskt element

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word formation
[Substantiv]

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

ordbildning, lexikal härledning

ordbildning, lexikal härledning

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lexeme
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexem, grundläggande språkenhet

lexem, grundläggande språkenhet

Ex: Analyzing lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .Att analysera **lexem** hjälper till att identifiera mönster av ordbildning och användning i olika språkliga sammanhang.
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derivation
[Substantiv]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

derivering, ordbildningsprocess

derivering, ordbildningsprocess

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inflection
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

böjning, ändelse

böjning, ändelse

Ex: Understanding inflection is essential for mastering highly inflected languages like Finnish .Att förstå **böjning** är väsentligt för att bemästra högt böjande språk som finska.
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back-formation
[Substantiv]

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

bakbildning, regressiv avledning

bakbildning, regressiv avledning

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compounding
[Substantiv]

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

sammansättning, ordbildningsprocess

sammansättning, ordbildningsprocess

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conversion
[Substantiv]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

konversion, oegentlig avledning

konversion, oegentlig avledning

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paradigm
[Substantiv]

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

paradigm, modell

paradigm, modell

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lexicon
[Substantiv]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

lexikon, ordförråd

lexikon, ordförråd

Ex: Building a diverse lexicon through reading and exposure to different contexts enriches one 's language skills and communication abilities .Att bygga ett diversifierat **lexikon** genom läsning och exponering för olika sammanhang berikar ens språkfärdigheter och kommunikationsförmåga.
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clipping
[Substantiv]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

klippning, förkortning

klippning, förkortning

Ex: The process of clipping often retains the original word's meaning and can occur in various parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives.Processen med **klippning** behåller ofta ordets ursprungliga betydelse och kan förekomma i olika delar av talet, såsom substantiv, verb och adjektiv.
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hypocorism
[Substantiv]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hypokorism, smeknamn

hypokorism, smeknamn

Ex: The formation of hypocorisms can involve various linguistic processes such as clipping , adding diminutive suffixes , or phonetic modification .Bildandet av **hypokorism** kan innefatta olika språkliga processer såsom klippning, tillägg av diminutiva suffix eller fonetisk modifiering.
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morphemization
[Substantiv]

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemisering, processen av morfemisering

morfemisering, processen av morfemisering

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agglutination
[Substantiv]

a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

agglutination, agglutinationsprocess

agglutination, agglutinationsprocess

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lexical morpheme
[Substantiv]

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

lexikalt morfem, lexem

lexikalt morfem, lexem

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vocabulary
[Substantiv]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

ordförråd, vokabulär

ordförråd, vokabulär

Ex: She uses a vocabulary app on her phone to learn new English words.Hon använder en **ordförrådsapp** på sin telefon för att lära sig nya engelska ord.
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derivative
[Substantiv]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

derivat, avlett ord

derivat, avlett ord

Ex: Linguists analyze how derivatives evolve over time .Lingvister analyserar hur **derivat** utvecklas över tid.
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base
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

bas, rot

bas, rot

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nominalization
[Substantiv]

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

nominalisering, substantivering

nominalisering, substantivering

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lexicalization
[Substantiv]

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

lexikalisering, processen av lexikalisering

lexikalisering, processen av lexikalisering

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diminutive
[Substantiv]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

diminutiv, smeknamn

diminutiv, smeknamn

Ex: "Teacup" is a diminutive form of "cup," indicating a smaller version.« **Teacup** » är en **diminutiv** form av « cup », vilket indikerar en mindre version.
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protologism
[Substantiv]

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

protologism, nybildat ord

protologism, nybildat ord

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ghost word
[Substantiv]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

spökord, felaktigt ord

spökord, felaktigt ord

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pseudoword
[Substantiv]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

pseudoord, påhittat ord

pseudoord, påhittat ord

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nonce word
[Substantiv]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

tillfälligt ord, flyktig neologism

tillfälligt ord, flyktig neologism

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hapax legomenon
[Substantiv]

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon, ett ord eller en form som endast förekommer en gång i en specifik text

hapax legomenon, ett ord eller en form som endast förekommer en gång i en specifik text

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morph
[Substantiv]

the smallest segment of a word's sound or written form that can be directly linked to a specific grammatical or lexical meaning

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morpheme
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfem, minsta meningsbärande enhet

morfem, minsta meningsbärande enhet

Ex: The study of morphemes, known as morphology , examines how these units combine to create complex words .Studiet av **morfem**, känt som morfologi, undersöker hur dessa enheter kombineras för att skapa komplexa ord.
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a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

funktionell morfem, grammatisk morfem

funktionell morfem, grammatisk morfem

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lexical unit
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

lexikalisk enhet, lexikalt element

lexikalisk enhet, lexikalt element

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portmanteau word
[Substantiv]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

portmanteauord, kofferordsord

portmanteauord, kofferordsord

Ex: The creation of portmanteau words can be playful and creative , as seen in " chillax , " a combination of " chill " and " relax . "Skapandet av **portmanteauord** kan vara lekfullt och kreativt, som syns i "chillax", en kombination av "chill" och "relax".
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lexis
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

lexikon, ordförråd

lexikon, ordförråd

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word
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

ord, term

ord, term

Ex: Understanding every word in a sentence helps with comprehension .Att förstå varje **ord** i en mening hjälper till med förståelsen.
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collocation
[Substantiv]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kollokation, ordkombination

kollokation, ordkombination

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of each collocation.Läraren förklarade innebörden av varje **kollokation**.
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idiom
[Substantiv]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, idiomatiskt uttryck

idiom, idiomatiskt uttryck

Ex: The idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .**Idiomet** 'piece of cake' hänvisar till något som är väldigt lätt att göra, vilket inte har något att göra med en faktisk bit dessert.
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lexical ambiguity
[Substantiv]

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

lexikalisk tvetydighet, polysemi

lexikalisk tvetydighet, polysemi

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reduplication
[Substantiv]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

reduplikation, fördubbling

reduplikation, fördubbling

Ex: Reduplication can serve various functions across languages , including emphasis , diminishment , or the creation of onomatopoeic expressions .**Reduplikation** kan tjäna olika funktioner i språk, inklusive betoning, förminskning eller skapandet av onomatopoetiska uttryck.
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blocking
[Substantiv]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

blockering, hinder

blockering, hinder

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lexical rule
[Substantiv]

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

lexikalisk regel, lexikalt princip

lexikalisk regel, lexikalt princip

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sniglet
[Substantiv]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet, lekfullt påhittat ord

sniglet, lekfullt påhittat ord

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the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

fonosemantisk matchning, ljud-betydelseöverensstämmelse

fonosemantisk matchning, ljud-betydelseöverensstämmelse

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