pattern

Dilbilim - Morfoloji ve Sözlükbilim

Burada, "ek", "gövde" ve "leksem" gibi morfoloji ve leksikoloji ile ilgili bazı İngilizce kelimeler öğreneceksiniz.

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Öğrenmeye başla
Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation

the shortened form of a word, etc.

kısaltma

kısaltma

Ex: When writing a report, be sure to define any abbreviations the first time you use them. 

Bir rapor yazarken, herhangi bir kısaltmayı ilk kullanımınızda tanımladığınızdan emin olun.

affixation

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

ekleştirme

ekleştirme

affix
affix
[isim]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

ek

ek

Ex: The teacher explained the function of affixes in various languages. 

Öğretmen, çeşitli dillerde eklerin işlevini açıkladı.

contraction

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

kısalma

kısalma

Ex: In casual speech, contractions like "don't" and ""didn't" are frequently used. 

Günlük konuşmada, "yapma" ve "yapmadım" gibi kısaltmalar sıkça kullanılır.

prefix
prefix
[isim]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

önek

önek

Ex: Understanding common prefixes, such as 'pre-' and 'dis-,' can help students decode unfamiliar words. 

'Pre-' ve 'dis-' gibi yaygın önekleri anlamak, öğrencilerin bilinmeyen kelimeleri çözmesine yardımcı olabilir.

ending
ending
[isim]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

bitiş eki

bitiş eki

suffix
suffix
[isim]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

sonek

sonek

Ex: Adding the suffix '-ly' to 'quick' changes the word to 'quickly,' turning it into an adverb. 

'Quick' kelimesine '-ly' soneki eklemek, kelimeyi 'quickly' olarak değiştirir ve onu bir zarf haline getirir.

acronym
acronym
[isim]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

baş harflerden oluşan sözcük

baş harflerden oluşan sözcük

Ex: AIDS is an acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 

AIDS, edinilmiş bağışıklık yetmezliği sendromunun bir kısaltmasıdır.

blending
blending
[isim]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

ünlü kaynaşması

ünlü kaynaşması

numeronym
numeronym
[isim]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

numeronim

numeronim

bound morpheme

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

bağımlı biçimbirim

bağımlı biçimbirim

circumfix
circumfix
[isim]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

kelimenin hem başına hem de sonuna getirilen ek

kelimenin hem başına hem de sonuna getirilen ek

transfixation

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

transfiksasyon

transfiksasyon

analogy
analogy
[isim]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analoji

analoji

Ex: The study of analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers. 

Analoji çalışması, dilin konuşanlarının ihtiyaçlarına nasıl uyum sağladığını gösterir.

coinage
coinage
[isim]

the process of inventing a word

söz yapım

söz yapım

stem
stem
[isim]

(in linguistics) the base form of a word after removing affixes

gövde

gövde

Ex: The prefix was added to the original stem to form a new word. 

Ön ek, yeni bir kelime oluşturmak için orijinal gövdeye eklendi.

root
root
[isim]

(in linguistics) the base form of a word, remaining after removing all prefixes and suffixes

kelime kökü

kelime kökü

Ex: Many roots are shared across related languages. 

Birçok kök, ilişkili diller arasında paylaşılır.

free morpheme

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

bağımsız biçimbirim

bağımsız biçimbirim

infix
infix
[isim]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

içek

içek

clitic
clitic
[isim]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

klitik

klitik

word formation

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

sözcük yapımı

sözcük yapımı

lexeme
lexeme
[isim]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

sözcük birim

sözcük birim

Ex: The lexeme "go" encompasses various forms such as "went," "going," and "goes," each conveying different aspects of the verb's meaning. 

"Gitmek" leksemi, "gitti", "gidiyor" ve "gider" gibi çeşitli biçimleri kapsar ve her biri fiilin anlamının farklı yönlerini iletir.

derivation

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

türetme

türetme

inflection

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

çekim

çekim

Ex: Inflection can change the meaning of a word significantly. 

Çekim, bir kelimenin anlamını önemli ölçüde değiştirebilir.

back-formation

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

ters türetme

ters türetme

compounding

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

birleştirme

birleştirme

conversion

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

dönüşme

dönüşme

paradigm
paradigm
[isim]

a structured set showing how a word changes to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, or case

paradigma

paradigma

Ex: The verb run has the paradigm: run, runs, ran, running. 

'Run' fiilinin paradigması şudur: run, runs, ran, running.

lexicon
lexicon
[isim]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

veri sözlüğü

veri sözlüğü

Ex: The lexicon of slang and colloquial expressions constantly evolves to reflect changes in society and culture. 

Argo ve günlük ifadelerin sözlüğü, toplum ve kültürdeki değişiklikleri yansıtmak için sürekli evrim geçirir.

clipping
clipping
[isim]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

kısaltma

kısaltma

Ex: Clipping is common in informal speech and can lead to the widespread adoption of the shortened forms as standard vocabulary. 

Kırpma, günlük konuşmada yaygındır ve kısaltılmış formların standart kelime dağarcığı olarak yaygın bir şekilde benimsenmesine yol açabilir.

hypocorism

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

takma isim

takma isim

Ex: In many languages, hypocorisms are used to express intimacy, familiarity, or affection within families and close relationships. 

Birçok dilde, hipokorizmler aileler ve yakın ilişkiler içinde samimiyet, aşinalık veya sevgi ifade etmek için kullanılır.

morphemization

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

morfemleştirme

morfemleştirme

agglutination

a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

kelimeye ek getirme

kelimeye ek getirme

lexical morpheme

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

sözlükbirim

sözlükbirim

vocabulary

all the words used in a particular language or subject

sözcük hazinesi

sözcük hazinesi

Ex: She carries a pocket dictionary to boost her vocabulary every day. 

Her gün kelime dağarcığını artırmak için bir cep sözlüğü taşır.

derivative

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

türev

türev

Ex: The derivative "childish" changes the meaning of "child." 

Türev olan "çocuksu", "çocuk" kelimesinin anlamını değiştirir.

base
base
[isim]

(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

taban, kök

taban, kök

Ex: English compound words like "sunflower" combine two bases ("sun" + "flower"). 

İngilizce bileşik kelimeler, "sunflower" gibi, iki taban ("sun" + "flower") birleştirir.

nominalization

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

isim türetme

isim türetme

lexicalization

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

sözcükleştirme

sözcükleştirme

diminutive

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

küçültme eki

küçültme eki

Ex: In many languages, diminutives are used to form endearing or less formal terms. 

Birçok dilde, küçültme ekleri sevimli veya daha az resmi terimler oluşturmak için kullanılır.

protologism

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

yeni kelime

yeni kelime

ghost word

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

aslında var olmayıp hatayla kullanılan kelime

aslında var olmayıp hatayla kullanılan kelime

pseudoword

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

sahte kelime

sahte kelime

nonce word

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

özel sözcük veya ifade

özel sözcük veya ifade

hapax legomenon

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

bir yazıda sadece bir kere geçen kelime

bir yazıda sadece bir kere geçen kelime

morph
morph
[isim]

the smallest unit of a word's sound or written form that conveys a distinct grammatical or lexical meaning

morfem

morfem

Ex: The verb tense is marked by a morph attached to the stem. 

Fiil zamanı, köke eklenen bir biçimbirim ile işaretlenir.

morpheme
morpheme
[isim]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

biçimbirim

biçimbirim

Ex: Morphemes can be free, like "book," or bound, like the suffix "-ed" which indicates past tense. 

Morflar serbest olabilir, "kitap" gibi, ya da bağlı olabilir, geçmiş zamanı gösteren "-di" eki gibi.

functional morpheme

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

işlevsel morfem

işlevsel morfem

lexical unit

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

sözlüksel birim

sözlüksel birim

portmanteau word

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

birleşik sözcük

birleşik sözcük

Ex: The popularity of portmanteau words in modern language is evident in terms like "motel," which blends "motor" and "hotel." 

Modern dilde birleşik kelimelerin popülaritesi, "motor" ve "otel" kelimelerinin birleşimi olan "motel" gibi terimlerde belirgindir.

lexis
lexis
[isim]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

sözcük

sözcük

word
word
[isim]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

sözcük

sözcük

Ex: Try to guess the word based on its context in the sentence. 

Cümledeki bağlamına göre kelimeyi tahmin etmeye çalışın.

collocation

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

birlikte kullanım

birlikte kullanım

Ex: Using incorrect collocations can make a sentence sound awkward or unnatural. 

Yanlış eşdizimler kullanmak, bir cümleyi tuhaf veya doğal olmayan hale getirebilir.

idiom
idiom
[isim]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

deyim

deyim

Ex: In English, the idiom 'break the ice' is used to describe starting a conversation in a social setting to ease tension, not actually cracking ice. 

İngilizcede, 'break the ice' deyimi, gerçekten buz kırmak değil, bir sosyal ortamda gerginliği azaltmak için bir konuşma başlatmayı tanımlamak için kullanılır.

lexical ambiguity

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

sözcüksel belirsizlik

sözcüksel belirsizlik

reduplication

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

çoğaltma, pekiştirme

çoğaltma, pekiştirme

Ex: In some languages, reduplication is used to form plurals, as in Indonesian where "orang" means "person" and "orang-orang" means "people." 

Bazı dillerde, çoğul oluşturmak için ikileme kullanılır, Endonezya dilinde olduğu gibi "orang" "kişi" anlamına gelir ve "orang-orang" "insanlar" anlamına gelir.

blocking
blocking
[isim]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

engelleme

engelleme

lexical rule

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

leksikal kural

leksikal kural

sniglet
sniglet
[isim]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

uydurma kelime

uydurma kelime

phono-semantic matching

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

fonosemantik eşleştirme

fonosemantik eşleştirme

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